Unit-2自考英語2課件

Unit2:MistakestoSuccess-TextA:SpiltMilkNewwordsspillv.（使）灑出，潑出，溢出eg:Don't

spill

the

soup.cryoverspiltmilk為已經(jīng)發(fā)生而無法補(bǔ)救的事懊悔Eg:

You'vebrokenitnow;it'snousecryingoverspiltmilk!

spillover溢出,發(fā)展成,造成eg:Don'tpourtoomuch;itmightspillover.eg:Thefirmisplanningtospillovertheworld.eg:Hisinterferencespiltoverintoconfusion.spillout（使）溢出，（使）濺出；突然涌出；說出（真相、內(nèi)情）eg:Thechampagneisspillingoutofthebottle.eg:Thewaterwasspillingoutofthemouthofthespring.eg:Hespiltouthisstoryofstealing.Newwords2.There/itisnouse沒什么用的Eg：There

is

no

use

denying

it.3.respondv.作出反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)

respondto…Eg：He

will

respond

to

that,

not

me.

responsen.回答；響應(yīng)；反應(yīng)Eg：The

response

hismanner以這種方式；如此Eg：In

this

manner

you

can

start

sharing

your

value

immediately.inamanner在某種意義上；在某種程度上Eg：But

this

act

in

a

manner

very

similar

to

our

scenario.Grammars1.定語從句WhatiscalledAttributiveClause?

在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用的從句叫做定語從句先行詞關(guān)系代詞:that/which/who(whom/whose)/as關(guān)系副詞:When/where/why關(guān)

系

詞JustTryYourself

Theman____

cametoourschoolisYaoming.

Thegirl_____ImetisLucy.Achild_______parentsarechefsiscalledTom.

Ilikethebook______youboughtyesterday.

人，主語人，賓語人，定語物，賓語JustTryYourself

ThemanwhocametoourschoolisYaoming.

ThegirlwhomImetisLucy.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.

Ilikethebookwhichyouboughtyesterday.

人，主語人，賓語人，定語物，賓語JustTryYourself

Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.Weshallneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogether.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.物，賓語人，介賓人，定語時(shí)間狀語Newwords5.Interviewv.（媒體）采訪，對(duì)某人進(jìn)行訪問/面試n接見，采訪；面試，面談Eg:The

television

interview

willbe

aired

to

allparts

of

thecountry.這個(gè)電視采訪節(jié)目將向全國(guó)各地播放Beinterviewedby接受…….的采訪Eg:I

thinkit

unnerved

me

to

be

interviewed

by

so

many

people我認(rèn)為這么多的人給我面試時(shí)我緊張不安。6.creativeadj.創(chuàng)作的Eg:She

was

misplaced

in

that

job;

she

ought

tobe

doing

something

more

creative.Createvt.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成Eg:They

left

thelights

down

to

create

a

comfortable

atmosphere.他們讓燈光保持暗淡以創(chuàng)造一種舒適的氣氛7.setapartfrom把;區(qū)分開;區(qū)分離;使分離setusapartfromothers使我們?cè)诒姸唷歇?dú)樹一幟Eg:It's

set

apart

from

other

bridges

by

its

curves

that

provide

different

perspectives

ofthe

landscapes.8.inhisopinion在他看來Eg:In

his

opinion,

this

meeting

is

important

to

his

whole

team,and

he

wants

everyoneonthe

team

to

attend.9.

Occur發(fā)生,出現(xiàn),被想起，被想到Eg:Idon'twantsuchathingtooccuragain.Eg:Disputesoccasionallyoccurredbetweenus.Eg:Iefrom來自；出生于Eg:Heacrossv.偶遇；無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)；講得清楚明白；給人…印象Eg:PerhapsIshallcomeacrosshiminFrance.Eg:Yourspeechdidn'tcomeacross;nobodyunderstoodyouropinion.Eg:Heabout

v.發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生；改變方向Howdid

this

come

about?comeup走近；發(fā)生；開始；上升；發(fā)芽；被提出Eg:Abeggarcameuptousandaskformoney.Eg:Thequestionofwageincreasescameupattheboardmeeting.Eg:Ishallwritetoyouifanythingcomesup.Eg:Isowedsomeseedslastweek,buttheyhaven'eonv.快點(diǎn)；開始；要求；上演；跟著來；突然產(chǎn)生Eg:HowisyourbrothercomingonwithhisstudyofEnglish?Eg:Howareyourpotatoescomingon?

Eg:There'sastormcomingon.We'dbettergethome.Grammars2.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldwhenshetooktheexam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

Hewasscoldedeventhoughhehadn‘tbeendoinganythingwrong.

盡管拉斐爾沒做什么錯(cuò)事，但他還是挨罵了①表示過去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間。和過去完成時(shí)一樣，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過去時(shí)間為前提。

IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.

這東西我找了好多天才找著的。

Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.

他們只等了一會(huì)兒車就來了。②表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.

他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。Youhadbeengivingmeeverything.

你對(duì)我真是有求必應(yīng)。③過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語中Thedoctoraskedwhathehadbeeneating.

醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。Iaskedwheretheyhadbeenstayingallthosedays.

我問他們那些天是呆在哪兒的。區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)與過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示(1)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，時(shí)間發(fā)生在“過去的過去”；這時(shí)往往和由when或before引導(dǎo)的從句或by短語；Thesportsmeetinghadbegunwhenwegottoschool.

我們到學(xué)校時(shí)，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)開始了。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的比較Shehadcleanedtheoffice,soitwasverytidy.

她已經(jīng)打掃過辦公室了，所以很整潔。(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Shehadbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehadtowaitoutside.她一直在打掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行)Theyreceivedtheparcelthatthey____foralongtime.［A］expected

［B］haveexpected

［C］hadbeenexpecting

［D］hadexpected1.他們只等了不多一會(huì)兒，公共汽車就來了。They'donlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.2.電話鈴響了三分鐘才有人接。Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.I___foritfordaysbeforeIfoundit.(look)

這個(gè)東西我找了很多天才找到的。2.I___only_____afewminuteswhenhecamein.(read)

我剛看了幾分鐘書，他就進(jìn)來了。3.They______thenewsforsometime.(expect)

他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了。4.Iaskedwherethey____allthosedays.(stay)

我問他們這些天是呆在哪兒的。

11.removefrom除掉；移動(dòng),從…….中移開Eg:What

should

we

tryand

remove

from

thislist?12.gripon掌握Eg:Doyougriponthespiritofcooking.getagripon控制；把握關(guān)鍵；管束；抓拄Butwearegoingtohaveto

get

a

grip

on

thiscountry'sdebt.13.Mess骯臟，雜亂Eg:By

theend

of

lastyear,

he

had

wiggledout

of

the

mess.到去年年底，他已經(jīng)從困境中擺脫出來

messup陷入困境；搞糟Eg:Heismessingup.amessof一大堆…；把…弄糟Eg:At

his

death,

hisson

found

only

a

mess

of

manuscripts.inamess亂糟糟，一團(tuán)糟Eg:The

room

is

in

a

mess.

messwith同…一起用膳；胡亂擺弄；干擾；與…廝混在一起Eg:If

you

consume

caffeine

duringtheday,

it’s

likely

to

mess

with

your

sleep

cycles.makeamess制造混亂；搞成一團(tuán)糟；Eg:You

shouldn't

make

a

mess

in

your

room.

Grammars3.感嘆句：用來表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子叫做感嘆句，句末用感嘆號(hào)。

Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!e.g.-How

beautifultheparkis!-Whatabeautifulparkitis!-Whatgoodnewsitis!-Howgoodthenewis!What+（a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）+主語+謂語！Whatacolddayitis!What+（adj+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式）+主語+謂語！Whattalltreestheyare!

What+（adj+不可數(shù)名詞）+主語+謂語！Whatdryweatheritis!1、她是多好的女孩??！2、它是多好的新聞！3、它們是多美的花??！Whatgoodnews(itis)!Whatagoodgirlsheis!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!二、感嘆句訓(xùn)練。（一）用“what”或“how”將相應(yīng)的句子改為感嘆句。1、WuPengjumpshigh！

____highWuPengjumps！2、It’saninterestingfilm.

____aninterestingfilmitis！3、Thesunisbright.____

brightthesunis!4、Thebookisveryinteresting.

____

interestingthebookis!HowWhatHowHow陳述句變感嘆句的技巧為：一斷，二去，三加,四換位，五感嘆句①“一斷”即在謂語動(dòng)詞后斷開，使句子分為兩部分。

LiuXiangruns‖toofast.②“二去”即去掉very,too,much，quite等修飾詞。

LiuXiangruns‖fast.③“三加”即第二部分若是副詞，形容詞就加上how;若是一個(gè)名詞（短語），就加上what.

LiuXiangruns‖howfast.④“四換位”即將斷開后的第一部分和第二部分位置互換。

howfast‖LiuXiangruns.?、荨拔甯袊@句”即句末別忘了加上感嘆號(hào)。（二）、將下列句子改為感嘆句，注意what,how的使用及詞序：

l.Theclassroomisclean.

2.Theelephantisveryheavy.3.Sheisahappygirl.

Howcleantheclassroomitis！Howheavytheelephantitis！Whatahappygirlsheis！15.Rarelyadv.很少地；難得；罕有地He

rarely

communicate

with

other

students

onthe

campus.16.getdown下來；吞下；使沮喪Heclimbedtothetopofthetreeandthenbecameafraidtogetdown.Theygotthepicturesdown.Thenewscertainlygotherdown.getback回來；恢復(fù)；取回；重新上臺(tái)Don'tworry,I'llgetyoubacksafely.I

haveto

get

back

incontrol.getoffv.動(dòng)身；免于受罰；從…下來；脫下（衣服等）Excuseme,Ihavetogetoffatthenextstop.Wehavetogetoffearlytomorrow.getto到達(dá)；開始；接觸到WhattimedoesthistraingettoNewYork?Whenyougettoseventy,youarenotsoactiveasyouwereatfifty.17.Cleanup:清理，收拾Clearup:整理，收拾，放晴Therenownedscientistremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.賓語從句是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)itwas…that…。注意區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和it作形式主語或普通代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Itwasinthisparkthattheyfirstmeteachother.Itwasthisparkwhere/inwhichtheyfirstmeteachother.Itisimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguagewell.GrammarsItis(was)

+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+

句子其他部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語、賓語、表語和狀語。Grammars強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷

把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分要還原到原位置），那么這個(gè)句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句；如果句子不完整，則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：（1）①Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.②Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.③Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.

分析：去掉Itis/was...that/who句子后結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，句意仍明確，都是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

④Itwas9o'clockwhenwecameback．我們回來時(shí)是九點(diǎn)鐘。

⑤Itwas3hourssincewehadcomeback．

我們回來已三個(gè)小時(shí)了。分析：在上面例句中若去掉Itwas...when/before/since等后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整，所以不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。2）①Itwasatthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.

Itwasthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.

A.which B.that C.where D.theone

CB②Itwasourteacher________didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.where③Itwastenyearsago________MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as④Itwas________hesaid______disappointedme.A.what;that B.that;thatC.what;what D.that;what⑤Itwasforthisreason________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.howBAAC強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)合Itmaybe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that......Itmusthavebeen+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that....Coulditbe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that....ItmighthavebeenJohn_____boughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.Itmaybenextweek_____sheleavesforTokyoA.whatB.sinceC.thatD.thenCC強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和（not）……until句型的結(jié)合。句式特征為:Itis/wasuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+延續(xù)動(dòng)詞Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+短暫動(dòng)詞如：用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)Ididn’tknowtheresultuntilhecomeback.中的劃線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，則變成：ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIknewtheresult.[簡(jiǎn)析]：注意此種情況下否定詞not要從原題的主句上轉(zhuǎn)移到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的從句上，這也是否定轉(zhuǎn)移的一種形式。Itwasuntillastyearthathe________________________.A.leftschoolforanewstartB.cametorealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglishC.workedasanEnglishteacheratamiddleschoolD.setouttobuildanewhouseofhisown[簡(jiǎn)析]：本題不含否定詞not，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞work為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，答案C。Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____herhusbandarrivedhome.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how

Itwasnotuntil1920_____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.

A.whichB.whenC.thatD.since

Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.

A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then

CCB注意"not...until"

句型的變化。比較下列三個(gè)句子：

Shedidn't

rememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntil

shehadarrivedhome.

Itwas

notuntil

shehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.

Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor.

TextB:TheCake

Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,…注意本句的時(shí)態(tài)。It/This/Thatwillbethefirsttimetheyhavemeteachother.It/This/ThatisthethirdtimehehasseenanEnglishfilm.It/This/Thatwasthelasttimehehaddonesuchastrangething.該句型要注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致。即：主句為一般將來或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。TheywillgotoAmericanextmonth.Thatwillbethefirsttimethatthey______America.A．willvisitB．hadvisitedC．willhavevisitedD．havevisited使用現(xiàn)在（過去）完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)1)

This/That/Itis+序數(shù)詞+名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ItisthethirdtimethatI’vecometoBeijing.Itisthefifthtimethatsomeonehasknockedatmydoor.2)This/That/Itis+最高級(jí)或only修飾名詞+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatI’veeverseen.ItistheworstbookthatI’veeverread.3)“Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)+that+過去完成時(shí)”句型中.總之：現(xiàn)在（過去）完成時(shí)總是與現(xiàn)在（過去）有著密切的聯(lián)系；或是表示到現(xiàn)在（過去）為止這一段時(shí)間的“一直在延續(xù)”或“重復(fù)發(fā)生”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；或是表示影響現(xiàn)狀（過去）的事件。1、

fromscratch白手起家；從頭做起EG:If

we

haveto

start

from

scratch

then

it

all

takes

time.2.tobehonest老實(shí)說；說實(shí)話Eg:To

be

honest,

I

wassurprised

he

knew

where

I

was,

we

moved

so

often.

3.turnedonv.打開；發(fā)動(dòng)；取決于；使興奮；攻擊Eg:Then,

he

turned

on

the

television

and

she

heard

a

Dialogue

in

English

andthelaughter

of

a

studio

audience.4.turnoff關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向Eg:And

during

somehours

ofthe

day,the

heat

mustbe

turned

off

altogether.5.beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事6.Bythetime等到；到…的時(shí)候Eg:"By

the

time

you

walkinto

that

meeting,there

shouldbe

no

surprises,"

she

says.explode

v.

突然爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)（感情）

用法：~with/in/intosth.

eg:Heexplodedwithrage,fury,jealousy,etc.他勃然大怒﹑暴跳如雷﹑妒火中燒等

Sheexplodedintoloudlaughter.她突然大笑起來。

其他詞義：（使某物）爆炸；炸開

eg:Whentheboilerexplodedmanypeoplewereinjured.因鍋爐爆炸，許多人受了傷。

explosive

adj.

爆炸性的；易爆炸的

eg:explosivematerials爆炸材料

explosive

n.

爆炸物；炸藥

eg:Thebombwaspackedwithhighexplosive,i.e.asubstancethatexplodeswithgreatforce.這炸彈裝有烈性炸藥。

explosion

n.

greatandsuddenincrease激增

eg:apopulationexplosion人口激增

theexplosionofoilprices石油價(jià)格的急劇上漲

..wouldhavenoneofit不接受，不允許Eg:He

was

offered

a

job

but

he

said

he

would

have

none

of

it.inspection

n.檢查；查看；審視

eg:Aninspectionwascarriedoutattheschool.學(xué)校接受了一次檢查。inspect

v.

（a）檢查（某事物）

eg:Thecustomsofficerinspectedmypassportsuspiciously.海關(guān)官員頗為懷疑地檢查了我的護(hù)照。

（b）

視察（某事物）

eg:inspectaschool,factory,regiment,etc.視察學(xué)校﹑工廠﹑團(tuán)隊(duì)等allthewayto一直Eg:Sure,

take

mainstreet

east

all

the

way

to

first

street.5.makesureEg:And

you

haveto

make

sure,

whatI

always

sayForafewmomentsCindyandherfatherstoodsilently,neitheroneknowingwhattosay.Atlastshelookedupathim,hereyesmoistandred..獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是：主格名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語

(作邏輯主語）

（作邏輯謂語）

1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.3.Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.

主格名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞）1.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.主格名詞/代詞

+形容詞Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.主格名詞/代詞

+不定式

主格名詞/代詞

+副詞Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.主格名詞/代詞

+介詞短語OurE