動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)專題練習(xí)

高中英語語法（時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)）一.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但是常見的只有九種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。（一） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（do/does）1.具體用法1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我們總是互相關(guān)心互相幫助。Hegoestoschooleveryday.2）表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)Heisveryhappy.Doyousing?——Alittle.3）表示普遍真理Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光速比聲速快。Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動(dòng)勝過言語。*常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)連用的詞或短語主要有：often,usually,sometimes,everyday,everymorning/afternoon,onSundays/weekends等等。IoftengotothecinemaonSundays.我經(jīng)常星期天去看電影。Hegoestoworkearlyeveryday,他每天上班很早。（二）一般過去時(shí)（did）（1）表示過去某一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示確切過去時(shí)間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如：Wewenttothepictureslastnightandsawaveryinterestingfilm.（2）表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例如：Healwayswenttoclasslast.Iusedtodomyhomeworkinthelibrary.（三）一般將來時(shí)（will/shalldo）1）表示將來打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ishallgraduatenextyear.一般將來時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如Cropswilldiewithoutwater.Youwon'tsucceedwithheirsupport.3）幾種替代形式：begoingto+v在中廣泛使用，表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如：I'mgoingtobuyahousewhenwe'vesavedenoughmoney.beto+v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。例如：Iamtoplaytennisthisafternoon.beaboutto+v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如：Hewasabouttostart.bedueto+v表示預(yù)先確定了的事，必定發(fā)生的事。例如：Thetrainisduetodepartintenminutes.5）少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如：begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可用來表示將來的動(dòng)作。（多用來表示按計(jì)劃事先安排好即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中通常還有一個(gè)表示將來的時(shí)間狀語）。例如:Themeetingbeginsatseven.Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（is/aredoing）1）表示現(xiàn)在某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的詞組是now，rightnow，atthemother，forthetimebeing，forthepresent,或某個(gè)具體的時(shí)間（幾點(diǎn)鐘）。Heiswritingaletternow.SheisvisitingBeijingthisweek.2）有時(shí)用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示一個(gè)經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這時(shí)是為了表示一種感情（如贊嘆，厭煩，滿意，不滿等）Heisalwaysthinkingofhiswork.（表示贊許）Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.（表示不滿）3）有時(shí)用來表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有一個(gè)表示未來的時(shí)間的狀語）WeareleavingonFriday.我們星期五動(dòng)身。Howmanyofyouarecomingtotheparty?（五）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasdone）（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動(dòng)作（常與yet，already，just連用），或者過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for，since連用）。例如：Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：since,for,during,over等引導(dǎo)出的短語；副詞already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等;狀語詞組thisweek（morning,month,year）,sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent等。例如：Sofar,shehasn'tenjoyedthesummervacation.Therehavebeenalotofchangessince1978.（3）完成時(shí)態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：*This（That,It）is（was）thefirst（second...）time+定語從句；*This（That,It）is（was）theonly（last）+n+定語從句；*This（That,It）is（was）+形容詞最高級(jí)+n+定語從句。如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞通常用過去完成時(shí)。例如：（1）Thisisoneoftherarestquestionsthathaveeverbeenraisedatsuchameeting.（2）Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehadinterruptedmethatevening.（六）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/weredoing）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與always，continually，constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。例如：1）Wewerediscussingthematterwhentheheadmasterentered.2）WheneverIvisitedhim,hewasalwayswritingatthedesk.（七）過去完成時(shí)（haddone）（1）表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。例如：1）WehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenTomcamein.2）Bytheendoflastyeartheyhadturnedout5,000bicycles.（2）動(dòng)詞expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire等用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的希望、預(yù)期、意圖或愿望等沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn'tabletogetaway.另外兩種表示"過去想做而未做的事”的表達(dá)方式是：1）was/were+tohavedonesth,例如：Weweretohavecomeyesterday,butwecouldn't.2）intended（expected,hope,meant,planned,supposed,wished,wanted,desired）+tohavedonesth,如：Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.（3）過去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型：1）hardly,scarcely,barely+過去完成時(shí)+when+過去時(shí)。例如：HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.2）nosooner+過去完成時(shí)+than+過去時(shí)。例如：NosoonerhadIgoneoutthanhecametoseeme.3）by（theendof）+過去時(shí)間，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。例如：Theexperimenthadbeenfinishedby4o'clockyesterdayafternoon.（八）一般過去將來時(shí)一般過去將來時(shí)的形式Should/would+動(dòng)詞原形was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing形式一般過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語從句中，其主語的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，可表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的事情，如：Hesaidthathewouldspeakatthemeeting.Hewassixty-eight.Intwoyearshewouldbeseventy.（九）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（has/havebeendoing）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時(shí)刻。例如：Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven'tfoundit.運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要注意的幾個(gè)問題（一）在時(shí)間和條件等狀語從句中不要用將來時(shí)態(tài)，如We’llgivehimthebookifhewantsit.Hedecidedtofightbackifhewashitagain.llcallyouassoonasI,vefinishedmywork.（二）時(shí)態(tài)的一致（時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)），如Wesawthatthesmokewascomingfromawindow.Ididn,tknowifshewouldcome.Headmittedthathehadbeenonthemarch.不進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)調(diào)整的情況：1）從句說的是一種普遍真理，如：Longago,peopledidn,tknowtheearthmovesroundthesun.2）當(dāng)從句的謂語改成過去時(shí)可能造成誤會(huì)，如Didhesaythatthetrainleavesat5:30?（三）瞬間動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的使用，如：誤：Ihavereceivedherletterforthreemonths.正：Ireceivedherletterthreemonthsago.正：ItisthreemonthssinceIreceivedherletter.（四）注意某些要求一定時(shí)態(tài)的句型was/weredoingsth.when???didsth.Iwasreadingabookwhenthebellrang

was/wereabouttodosth.when??.didsth.Wewereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.Shewasabouttogooutwhenitstartedtorain表示做事做了第幾次或共幾次，要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，如：It,sthefirsttimeI,veseenher.Wehavebeentherethreetimes.Itis/hasbeen...since...Itis(hasbeen)twoweekssinceIcamehere.Shesaiditwasfivehourssinceshehadfinishedherwork.hardly.when.Wehadhardlygotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.Hardlyhadwegotinthecropswhenitbegantorain.nosooner.than.Ihadnosoonercomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.NosoonerhadIcomeintotheroomthanthedoorwasclosed.二.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。、、1)Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))2)Electricityisusedtorunmachines.(被動(dòng)語態(tài)).不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和短語(1)在英語中，不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如：appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,cometrue,takeplace,consistof。(2)某些表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞，如：become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)形式常用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有下表所列的幾種時(shí)態(tài)形式。時(shí)間一般時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí) 完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在amaskedisaskedareaskedambeingaskedisbeingaskedarebeingaskedwasbeingaskedwerebeingasked將來shallbeaskedwillbeasked過去shouldbeaskedambeingaskedisbeingaskedarebeingaskedwasbeingaskedwerebeingasked將來shallbeaskedwillbeasked過去shouldbeasked將來wouldbeaskedshallhavebeenaskedwillhavebeenaskedshouldhavebeenaskedwouldhavebeenasked.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)短語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，通常被看作是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如:1)Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.2)Alltherubbishshouldbegotridof.."get+-ed分詞"的被動(dòng)語態(tài)"get+-ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，而非動(dòng)作本身，常用來表示突發(fā)性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.另外，"get+-ed分詞”還可用于談?wù)摓樽约鹤龅氖?，是主?dòng)的行為而不是被動(dòng)的行為。例如：getdressed（穿衣服） getdivorced（離婚）getengaged（訂婚） getconfused（迷惑不解）getlost（迷路） getwashed（洗臉）getmarried（結(jié)婚）.被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別Thenovelwaswellwritten.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）ThenovelwaswrittenbyDiskens.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）. 不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞，如：have,fit,hold,lack,cost…Ihaveacomputer.Thehallcanhold200people..主動(dòng)性式表被動(dòng)意義①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布易洗。Thesenovelswon,tsellwell.這些小說不暢銷。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。Thedoorwon,tlock.門鎖不上。Thefishsmellsgood.魚聞起來香。②當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.③want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。④beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。⑤在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。Thiskindofwaterisn,tfittodrink.Thegirlisn,teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame（受譴責(zé)），betorent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。ChoosetherightanswerTheyfriendssincetheymetinShanghai.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.havehadThesecretaryisgoingtoreporttothemanagerassoonashe.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarrivingWeallknowthatice.A.feelcoldB.isfeltsoldC.isfeelingcoldD.feelscold---Thisclothwellandlong.---OK.I’lltakeit.A.washes;lastsB.iswashed;lastedC.washes,islastedD.iswashing,lastingHelenherkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcomeIteverydaysofarthisweek.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining---Areyougoingtothemoviestonight?---Yes,Imyworkbythattime.A.willfinishB.finishC.amgoingtofinishD.willhavefinished---WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouvacationedinMexicolastsummer?---No,itforfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrainedYouwon,tknowifthecoatfitsyouuntilyouiton.A.willtryB.aretryingC.triedD.havetriedMydictionary,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill.A.haslost;don,tfind B.ismissing;don,tfindC.haslost;haven,tfound D.ismissing;haven,tfound---Howlongeachotherbeforetheymarried?---Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;get B.didtheyknow;weregoingtogetC.dotheyknow;aregoingtoget D.hadtheyknown;got---Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.---Oh,howniceofyou.Iyoutobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoing B.neverthought;weregoingC.didn'tthink;aregoing D.hadn'tthought;weregoingWhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryforalmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway---I,msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.Ihereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.was D.willThepolicefoundthatthehouseandslotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolen B.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen---Haveyoumovedintothehouse?---Notyet.Therooms.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingIfthecitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep,haveto---thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I,vebeentoldB.I,vetoldC.I,mtoldD.IwastoldIdon,tthinkJimsawme;heintospace.A.juststared（凝視） B.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared---myglasses?

---Yes,Ithemonyourbedaminuteago.A.Doyousee;saw B.Hadyouseen;haveseenC.Haveyouseen;saw D.Wouldyousee;saw---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.---Yes.Ataxiatallnecessary.A.wasn,tB.hadn,tbeenC.wouldn,tbeD.won,tbe---WhoisJerryCooper??Isawyoushakehandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don,tyoumeethimyetC.Didn'tyoumeethimyet

23.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.A.Don,tyoumeethimyetC.Didn'tyoumeethimyet

23.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe!A.promises B.promised24.B.Hadn,tyoumethimyetD.Haven,tyoumethimyetC.willpromiseD.hadpromiseditwithmeandI,llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.LeaveItisclearthathispooreducationhimback.A.hasbeenheldB.isholding C.willbeheld D.hadheld---HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---Iyet,butItakingatrain.A.haven,tdecided;amconsideringB.haven,tdecided,considerC.didn,tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn,tdecided;haveconsideredThepenIIisonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think,loseB.thought,hadlostC.think,hadlostD.thought,havelost28.---Haveyouheardaboutthenewschool?---No,whenandwheretobuildthenewoneyet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasn,tdecidedD.haven,tdecided29.---Sorry,I,mlate.---ThafsOK.Ilong.A.haven,twaitedB.don,twaitC.haven,tbeenwaitingD.didn,twait30.---Nancysatinthefrontseatontheleftsideoftheclassroom.---Oh!Ithoughtsheintheback.A.willsitB.hadsatC.issittingD.hassatImyfacewhensuddenlysomeoneatthedoor.A.washed,knocked B.washed,wasknockingC.waswashing,wasknockingD.waswashing,knockedIatthestationhalfanhourago,butthetrainyet.A.arrived,hadn,tcome B.wasarriving,hadn,tcomeC.arrived,hasn,tcome D.hadarrived,didn,tcome---Whydidyoucomebytaxi?---MycarbrokedownlastweekandIstillitrepaired.A.haven,thadB.didn,thaveC.don,thaveD.won,thaveI,msurprisedtofindyouherelookingwellandplayingtennis,Jim.Annsaidthatyousick.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.hadbeenTheprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedoneD.wasgoingdown---DidyougotoQingdaoforvacationlastAugust?---Itogo,butIgotsickatthelastminute.A.wasplanning B.hadbeenplanningC.plannedD.haveplannedIfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylifesohappy.A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt---Howareyoutoday?---Oh,IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn,tfeelB.wasn,tfeelingC.don,tfeelD.haven,tfeltThereportersaidtheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelled C.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel---Ithinkthatyouneedpracticeonplayingtheviolin.---violinlessonseverytwoweeks,butIthinkI'llm