初中英語賓語從句

賓語從句【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】.知識目標(biāo)：掌握賓語從句的三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài).能力目標(biāo)：通過自主學(xué)習(xí)，小組合作，挑戰(zhàn)自我學(xué)會正確使用賓語從句.情感目標(biāo)：體會在學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中通過團隊協(xié)作所帶來的愉悅和成功【重難點】.重點：疑問語序改為陳述語序（主+謂）.難點：語序和時態(tài)呼應(yīng)【要點梳理】要點一、定義賓語從句：置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面，在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。賓語從句過”三關(guān)“：時態(tài)，語序，連詞。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句，有些形容詞（afraid，sure，glad等）之后也可以帶賓語從句。要點二、賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that（that?？墒÷裕?whether,if代詞：who,whose,what,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets..注意事項：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：Idon,tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情況中that不能省略1、當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。例句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。例句：Ican,ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事項：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。例句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.(二)由whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。例句：Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1、在帶to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.2、在介詞的后面例句：I,mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.3、在動詞后面的賓語從句時例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek4、直接與ornot連用時例句：Ican,tsaywhetherornotthetcancomeontime.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1、if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”例句：Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2、if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時例句：HeaskedifIdidn,tcometoschoolyesterday.3、引導(dǎo)狀語從句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）時例句：Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。例句：Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。例句：Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.要點三、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句：Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?要點四、賓語從句的時態(tài)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.32、主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn,tfinishedherworkontime.3、當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.要點五、賓語從句的特點1、賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。2、賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。3、連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。4、whether和if都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但whether后可緊跟ornot;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。5、如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it。要點六、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句中，主語是I/We，謂語動詞是think、suppose>guess，believe等，從句中的否定習(xí)慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，這就是否定轉(zhuǎn)移。Ithinkyouareright.（改為否定句）正：Idon'tthinkyouareright.誤：Ithinkyouaren'tright.Idon,tthinkthatitisworthdoing.我認(rèn)為這不值得做。Idon,tbelievethathewillhelpus.我相信他不會來。【課堂鞏固】一、選擇填空WangHaitoldme(how/why)hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.Canyoutellme(who/whom)elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?Shesaid(that/if)itwouldn'tmattermuch.Healwaysthinks(how/who)hecandoitbetter.reallydon'tknow(howlong/howsoon)thebridgewillbefinished.Theydon'tknow(when/what)wearegoinghiking.Shewantedtoknow(when/if)hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.Iwasreallysurprisedat(what/where)lsaw.Idon'tknow(how/why)somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.Doyouknow(whose/who's)shirtitis?二、單項選擇ThemanaskedmeifIhimthewaytothebusstop.A.cantell B.couldtell C.willtell D.tellHetoldmethatheacoldforthreedays.A.has B.hadcaught C.hadhad D.hashadTheywonderediftheirteacherthemanotherstorythenextweek.A.wouldtell B.hadtold C.willtell D.toldCouldyoutellmevesterday?A.whattheydoB.whattheydidC.whatdotheydoD.whatdidtheydoIknewthatthesunintheeastwhenIwasachild.A.rises B.rose C.willriseD.hasrisenCouldyoutellme ?A.whereisthestation B.wherethestationisC.iswherethestation D.thestationiswhereShesaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.that B.whereC.which D.what"I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatA.howB.whereC.whenD.what-DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?-Sorry,I'venoideaA.that B.whetherC.what D.whichTheteacherwantedtoknow.A.whywashelateforschool B.howhecananswerthisquestionC.ifhecouldfinishthemontime D.whetherhisparentsarestrictwithhimHeaskedme toldmetheaccident.A.whom B.whichC.whoPleasetellmelastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworksTOC\o"1-5"\h\zSheaskedmeifIknew .A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas14.Youmustremember .A.whatyourmothersaidC.yourmothersaidwhat15.Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwilltheyleaveBejingC.whentheywilleaveBeijing三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ithinkhe(come)backsoon.D.whoseB.wheredidyoursisterworkD.whereyoursisterworkedC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitB.whatdidyourmothersayD.whathasyourmothersaidB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing2.Hetoldmehisfather(read)thenewspaperatthistimeyesterday.Iwanttoknowifhe(go)fishingwithme.Ididn'tknowwho(break)thewindow.Hetoldmehisfather(fly)toBejingthenextday.Theteachertoldusthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.Heaskedifthegirl(find)herlostbike.Hesaidhe(go)toBeijingthreeyearsago.Heaskedwhatthegirl(look)for.10.Iaskedhimwhetherit(snow)inwinterinAustralia.參考答案：一、選擇填空1、why2、who3、that4、how5、howsoon6、when7、if8、what9、why10、whose二、單項選擇1、B句意：那個人問我能否告訴他去公共汽車站的路。此題考查賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)一致的問題。主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)的某一種形式。2、C句意：他告訴我他感冒三天了。根據(jù)主句的told可排除A和D。catch是終止性動詞，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。have是延續(xù)性動詞，故選C。3、A句意：他們想知道他們的老師下周能否再給他們講個故事。根據(jù)時間狀語可知用將來時，主句用一般過去時，則賓語從句要用過去將來時。4、B句意：你能告訴我他們昨天干了什么嗎？賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，根據(jù)yesterday可知用一般過去時。5、A句意：我小時候就知道太陽從東方升起。當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象以及格言、諺語等的時候，賓語從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時