全新版大學英語第二版綜合教程筆記Unit3

Unit3Book1DetailedReadingI.DifficultSentences1.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.(Para.2)Whyisthissentencereversed?(Theword“nor”hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentencetogiveforcetothenegation.-NorwillIdenythat.)2.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn’tsucceed.(Para.2)1)Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthefirst“that”?(Here“that”bringsaboutanattributiveclause.)2)Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat”heremean?(Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething.-Hismannerwassuchthathewouldoffendeveryonehemet.)3)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(Nowaycansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist.)3.Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.(Para.2)Whyisthereno“to”between“is”and“slow”?(When“do”appearsinthesubjectofasentence,thesign“to”ofaninfinitivewhichisusedasthepredicativecanbeomitted.-Thefirstthinghedidwas(to)lookforaguide.-Allwecoulddonowis(to)remaincool-headed.)4.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.(Para.3)1)Whatdoes“intwomindsabout”mean?(Unabletodecidewhetherornotyouwantsth.orwanttodosth.-Ithinkshe’sintwomindsaboutwhethertoaccepthispresentornot.)2)Whatcanwelearnfromthesentence?(Thepublicfindsitselfholdingtwocontradictoryviewpointsaboutscience.Ontheonehand,itexpectstheimprovementinthestandardoflivingthathasbeenbroughtbyscience;ontheotherhand,italsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesnotunderstandit.)5.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.(Para.3)1)Whatdoes“it”referto?(Thepublic’sdistrustofscience)2)Whatpartofspeechis“support”here?(Itisanoun.)6.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.(Para.4)Paraphrasethesentence.(Butinschoolsscienceisoftentaughtinadullandboringway.)7.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.(Para.4)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(如果不用這個公式的話，也許我能多賣出一倍的書。)8.ButIhavesufficientfaithinthegoodsenseofthepublictobelievethatwemightprovethiswrong.(Para.7)1)Whatdoes“sense”heremean?(Powerofjudging.)2)Whatdoesthissentenceimply?(Theauthorbelievesthatthepublicwillhaveagoodunderstandingaboutscienceandcanmakeinformedjudgmentsbyitself.)II.Words&Expressionslikely:1.bable-AnincidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV.(電視報導出一可能導致戰(zhàn)爭的事件。)2.bably-Ishallverylikelybehereagainnextmonth.Pattern:Itislikelythat…很可能…-Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.CF:likely,possible&probable這些詞都有“可能的”意思。likely系常用詞，指從表面跡象來看很有可能。例如：-Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment.(比賽結果每分鐘可能都在變化。)possible指由于有適當?shù)臈l件和方法，某事可能發(fā)生或做到，強調客觀上有可能，但常含有實際希望很小的意思。例如：-Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?(坐火車可以到這個城市去嗎？還是我必須得坐公共汽車？)probable語氣比possible強，指有根據(jù)、合情理、值得相信的,帶有大概、很可能的意思。例如：-Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointment.(很可能他是忘了我們的約會了。)dowithout:managetosurvive,continue,orsucceed,althoughyoudonothavesth.youneed-Ihaven’tenoughmoneytobuyacar,soI’lljusthavetodowithout.-Hecan’tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary.Collocation:doawaywith擺脫；廢除，取消系上，扣上；修理；打扮和…有關系douphavesomethingtodowithhavenothingtodowith和…沒有關系highly:adv.1)very-Mr.Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesman.2)toahighdegree-Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou.-出席這次會議的大部分人是受過高等教育的女性。(Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwomen.)CF:highly&high這兩個詞都表示“高高地”。highly指的是抽象意義上的“高”。例如：ahighlypaidofficial薪俸優(yōu)厚的官員thinkhighlyofsb.器重某人high用作副詞時，一般指的是具體意義上的“高”。例如：aimhigh向高處瞄準到處尋找searchhighandlow其他類似的例子還有:closely&closeclosely細心地，嚴密地。例如：-WatchwhatIdoclosely.(仔細觀察我所做的。)-Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.(囚犯被嚴密看守著。)close鄰近。例如：-Helivesclosetotheschool.(他住得離學校很近。)put/turntheclockback:returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant-Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears.-Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan’tturntheclockback.bringabout:causetohappen-這是怎么發(fā)生的？(Whatbroughtitabout?)-Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.Collocation：bringforthbringforwardbringup產(chǎn)生；提出提前；提出教育；養(yǎng)育；提出Fillintheblankswiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessary.1.Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbebroughtforwardafewmonths.2.Thetreesintheorchardbroughtforthmanyapples.3.Hewaswellbroughtup.4.Atthemeetingthenextmorning,theybroughtup/forward/forthmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.inquire:1.vt.asktobetold-Heinquired(ofher)thereasonforbeinglateagain.-Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforhim.2.vi.seekinformationbyquestioning-我打電話詢問有關火車時刻的事情。(Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes.)Collocation：inquireafterinquireforinquireinto問候求見查究，調查CF:inquire,ask&question這些詞都有“問，詢問”的意思。inquire是較正式的書面用詞，渴望知道某人或某事的確實情況。例如：-Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber.(他詢問你的電話號碼。)ask是最常用詞,指為了了解某人或某事而提出問題,請別人解答或向別人打聽消息。例如：-Excuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?(對不起，我能問你一個問題嗎？)question指對某事不斷提出問題，以便了解詳細情況。例如：-Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolice.(警察審訊嫌疑人。)initiative:n.1)abilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutthehelpofothers-Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted.-Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemontheirowninitiative.2)usedinthephrase“taketheinitiative”:bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb.elsetodosth.-Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrother’swedding.rate:n.1)value,cost,speed,etc.measuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramount-Theworld’sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshavethought.-出生率是出生數(shù)與人口數(shù)之比。(Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthscomparedtothenumberofthepeople.)2)ofthe(numbered)qualityafirst-rateperformer;asecond-ratecomicensure:vt.makesure;guarantee-Thenewtreatywillensurepeace.-我不能確保他能及時到這兒。(Ican’tensurethathewillbehereintime.)informed:adj.knowingthings;havingalltheinformation-隨時告訴我新的發(fā)展。(Keepmeinformedoffreshdevelopment.)-He’sawell-informedman.CF:inform,tell&instruct這些詞都有“把某消息或某件事傳達給別人”的意思。inform向某人傳遞信息,特別適用于告知所發(fā)生的情況或有關資料（可以用于上級對下級，也可以用于下級對上級的通知）。例如：-Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyoldschoolinformingmethatmyformerheadmaster,Mr.ReginaldPage,willberetiringnextweek.(我剛接到母校的一封信，通知我說我的老校長雷金納德·佩奇先生將于下星期退休。)tell最通用，最不正式。指把某事告訴某人。例如：-Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.(他輕蔑地看了她一眼，告訴她說那件衣服賣掉了。)instruct較正式，意為“指示（一般用于上級對下級），通知”。例如：-Theeditoratoncesentthejournalistatelegraminstructinghimtofindouttheexactnumberofstepsandtheheightofthewall.(編輯立即給這位記者發(fā)了一份電報，叫他查明臺階的準確數(shù)目以及圍墻的高度。)steady:adj.1)constant;regularinmovement-Thegovernment’spolicieshavebroughtaperiodofsteadyeconomicgrowthwithfallingunemployment.-Therehasbeenasteadygrowthintheindustry.2)firm-Usingtherazorrequiresasteadyhand.basis:(pl.bases)n.1)factsorideasfromwhichsth.canbedeveloped;foundation(usu.usedasasingularnoun,followedbyfororof)-Thewritingisfullofargumentsthathaveafirmbasis.-Whatisthebasisforyouropinion?2)circumstancethatprovidesareasonforsomeactionoropinion(usu.followedbyoforthat-clause)-Onthebasisthatrecognizingtheproblemishalfwaytoasolution,weshouldpaymuchattentiontohiscomments.-基于我們售貨的預測，我們明年將開始賺錢。(Onthebasisofoursalesforecasts,wemaybegintomakeaprofitnextyear.)CF:basis,base&foundation這些詞都有“基礎，根基”的意思basis多用于比喻，指信念、議論等的根據(jù)。例如：-Charitytowardothersisthebasisofherphilosophy.(慈善待人是她人生觀的基點。)base多用于指有形的或具體的基地或根基，尤指軍事或工業(yè)方面的基地。例如：-Wepicnickedatthebaseofthemountain.(我們在山腳下野餐。)-Thelampstandsonacircularbase.(那盞燈由圓形底座支撐。)foundation強調基礎的穩(wěn)固與堅牢，可用于比喻。例如：-Thosethoughtsrockedherassurancetoitsfoundations.(那些想法從根本上動搖了她的信念。)-Thehugelorriesshockthehousetoitsfoundations.(大卡車駛過，連屋基都震動了。)liein:existorbefoundin(sth.)-Therootofalltheseeventslayinhistory.-這部戲劇令人感興趣的地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面的問題。(Theplay’sinterestliesinthequestionsitraisesaboutmarriage.)intermsof:asregards(sth.);expressedas(sth.)-Intermsofsalary,thejobisterrible.-以百分數(shù)回答這個問題。(Givetheanswerintermsofapercentage.)tend:1.vi.belikelytohappenorhaveaparticularcharacteristicoreffect-Somepeopletendtogetuplateratweekends.-物價正在上漲。(Pricesaretendingupwards.)2.vt.watchover;attendto-shepherdstendingtheirflocks-tendthesickandwoundedprecise:adj.1)exact-Wewillneverknowtheprecisedetailsofhisdeath.-Ourtrainleavesatabouthalfpastten,or–tobeprecise–10:33.2)takingcaretobeexactandnottomakeerrors-他是個非常謹慎的人。(Heisaverypreciseman.)grasp:1.v.1)understand-ThisisaconceptweintheWestfinddifficulttograsp.2)seizefirmly-Thedrowningmangraspedtherope.-貪得無厭的人可能毫無所得。(Amanwhograspsattoomuchmayloseeverything.)2.n.powerofgrasping-這個作品我看不懂。(Thisworkisbeyondmygrasp.)-Successiswithinhergrasp.sufficient:adj.enough-$30shouldbesufficientforanewpairofshoes.-有足夠的證據(jù)證明他是有罪的。(Therewassufficientevidencetoprovethathewasguilty.)convey:vt.1)make(ideas,feelings,etc.)knowntoanother-我無法用言語表達我的感情。(Ican’tconveymyfeelingsinwords.)-Thispicturewillconveytoyousomeideaofthebeautyofthescenery.(這幅畫可將那處風景的美麗向你傳達一二。)2)take;carry-Thistrainconveysbothpassengersandgoods.putacross:causetobeunderstood-他非常善于表達自己的意見。(He’sverygoodatputtinghisideasacross.)-Goodteachersaretheoneswhoareabletoputthingsacrosswell.Collocation：putasideputforwardputin儲存（錢、時間）；把…放在一邊提出（意見、建議）花費，付出（時間、精力等）putoff阻止；推遲穿上putonputout熄滅putthroughputupwithproportion:n.為…接通電話忍受1)partofagrouporanamount-Alargeproportionofthedolphinsinthatareawilleventuallydiebecauseofwaterpollution.-這個城市的很大一部分人已年過半百。(Alargeproportionofthecity’spopulationisagedover50.)2)relationofonethingtoanotherinquantity,size,etc.-Theproportionofmentowomeninthemedicalprofessionhaschangedinrecentyears.Collocation：inproportionto與…成比例；和…相比與…成正比例與…成反比例符合比例的indirectproportiontoininverseproportiontoinproportionoutofproportion不成比例的fitinto:bepartofasituation,system,orplan-Thenewcollegecoursesfitintoanationaleducationplan.-CollegeEcate:vt.teachortrain-Youshouldeducateyourchildrentobehavewell.-這個男孩只能在工作做完后晚上自修。(Theboyhadtoeducatehimselfintheeveningafterfinishinghiswork.)entertain:v.1)givepleasure(to)-Children’stelevisionprogramsnotonlyentertainbutalsoteach.-我們都對他的戲法感興趣。(Wewereallentertainedby