2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓練專題05-形容詞和副詞和比較等級

2020年高考英語語法專項突破專題五形容詞和副詞+比較等級重難點分析形容詞和副詞的比較等級是英語高考語法填空的?？键c，命題形式一般是用所給詞語的適當形式填空若是需要填more,most或fewer,less,least時，可能也會不給出原級。系動詞后接形容詞作表語和一些常用副詞(seldom,even,enough,never,hardly也是高考的熱點之一。一、形容詞和副詞在句中的作用形容詞在句中通常作定語、表語和補語。如：Englishisausefullanguage.英語是一門有用的語言。(作定語)Englishisuseful.英語很有用。(作表語)IfindEnglishuseful.我覺得英語很有用。(作補語)副詞在句中作做狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、另一副詞、介詞短語，或者整個句子。如：Hewalkedquicklyinordertogetthereontime他為了按時到達那里，走得很快。(修飾動詞walked)Hewalkedveryquickly他走得很快。Obviously.Ibelievewecanwinit.顯然，我相信我能夠贏得勝利。二、形容詞和副詞的比較等級形容詞副詞的規(guī)則變化。一般在詞尾直接加er或est。如：long—longer—longest。以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的，在詞尾直接加r或st。如：nice—nicer—nicesto以輔音字母+y結尾的，把y變?yōu)閕,再加er或est。如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。以“一個元音字母+—個輔音字母"結尾的重讀音節(jié)，雙寫末尾這個輔音字母，再加er或esto如：big—bigger—biggest。部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構成比較級，加most構成最高級。如：slowly—moreslowly—mostslowly；beautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful。形容詞和副詞的比較等級的常用句型。表示相等：as+原級+as表示不如：notas/so+原級+as表示超出：比較級+than表示"最”：the+最高級+of/in短語(表示比較的范圍)注意：除了“the+最高級”外，最高級還有其他的表達方式。如：否定詞never等與比較級連用；比較級+thananyother+名詞單數(shù)；比較級+thananyoftheother+名詞復數(shù)；比較級+thananyoneelse等。如：Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice她唱得多好聽呀！我從沒聽過比這更好的聲音。表示"越……越……”：the+比較級，the+比較級表示"越來越”：比較級+and+比較級表示“與其......不如......”：more...than...the+比較級特指兩個人或者連個食物中較為突出的一個。Ifthemanagerhadtochooseoneofthetwo,hewouldsayTimwasthebetterchoice.如果說經理一定得從這兩個人中選擇一個，他會說Tim是更好的選擇。倍數(shù)的表達法：A+be+倍數(shù)as+計量形容詞原級+asBThishouseisthreetimesaswideasthatone.這個房子是那個房子的三倍寬。A+be+倍數(shù)+計量形容詞比較級+thanBThecarisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone這輛車比那本恰好貴5倍。A+be+倍數(shù)+the+計量名詞+ofBThenewlibraryisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone新的圖書館是以前的四倍大。The+計量名詞+ofA+be+倍數(shù)+thatofBThesizeofthenewsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone新廣場為以前的四倍大。三、形容詞、副詞原級及比較級和最高級的常用句型名稱句型例句相等as+原級+asThetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.這列車和3:55的列車開得一樣快。as+原級+a/an+名詞單數(shù)+asHeisashonestamanasyou.他和你一樣是個誠實的人。asmany+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+as；asmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+asIhaveasmanybooksasyou.我和你一樣有許多書。倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+名詞Myroomistwiceasbigasmybrother's.我的房間是我兄弟的兩倍大。不及notas+原級+asSheisnotasbeautifulashersister.她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比較級+thanHealthismoreimportantthanwealth.健康比金錢重要。the+比較級+ofthetwo兩者中較??????的一個Heisthetallerofthetwo.他是兩者中較咼的一個。否定no+比較級+than和……一樣不Heisnoricherthan1.他和我一樣不富有。not+比較級再......不過(可譯為"非常、十分")Hisworkcouldn'tbeworse.他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度遞增-erand-er,moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞越來越……h(huán)igherandhigher越來越高moreandmoreimportant越來越重要兩種情況同時變化the+比較級,the+比較級越......，越......Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.你越快準備好，我們就能越早離開。三者或三者以上比較the+最咼級+of/in+比較范圍……之中最……Theyhavegotsomeofthemostbeautifulthingsintheworld.他們這兒擁有一些世界上最美的東西。注意：nomore(...)than與notmore(...)than的用法在英語里面有很多短語都有其約定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象這樣的短語有很多，這里先把大家覺得比較頭疼的nomore(...)than與notmore(...)than的用法解釋清楚，希望對大家有所幫助：不用于比較，后接數(shù)詞時，nomorethan意為“僅僅、只不過、只有”(=only),而notmorethan意為"至多、不超過”(=atthemost)。如：Therearenomorethanfifteeneggsinthebasket.籃子里只有15個雞蛋。(暗指15個雞蛋太少)Therearenotmorethanfifteeneggsinthebasket.籃子里至多有15個雞蛋。(暗指可能少于15個)用于兩者的比較時，“no+形容詞或副詞比較級+than”是對兩者的否定，相當于neither...nor..。如：Thisstoryisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.(=Neitherthisstorynorthatoneisinteresting.)這個故事和那個故事一樣沒趣?！皀ot+形容詞或副詞比較級+than”是普通的比較級結構，表示前者不如后者，相當于notas/so...as...。如:Thisstoryisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.(=Thisstoryisnotas/sointerestingasthatone.)這個故事不如那個故事有趣。四、比較結構的修飾語

1用于原級之前almost,nearly,just,quite,half,twice,threetimes等Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.這條河是那條河是三倍長。2用于比較級前many,afew（用于"more+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”前）Ittakesmanymorehourstogotherebytrainthanbyplane.坐火車去那里比坐飛機要花多好多個小時。alot,much,even,still,far,agreatdeal,rather,twoyears,5%,twice等Mydesk-mateisevenfatterthanme.我同桌甚至比我還胖。3用于最高級前thevery,muchthe,byfar,nearly,bynomeans,almost,notreally,thefirst/second等Thiscakeisbyfarthelargestintheworld.這個蛋糕是迄今為止世界上最大的。五、兩種形式的副詞：一個與形容詞同形，一個以-ly結尾1hardhardlyhard刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；費力地Hestudiesveryhard.他學習非常努力。hardly幾乎不；簡直不Wehardlyhadtimetoeatbreakfast.我們幾乎沒時間吃早飯。2highhighlyhigh冋冋地；地位冋；聲音冋Theplaneflieshigh.飛機飛得很高。highly高度地；非常（常和praise,speak等動詞連用）Theyspokeveryhighlyofhim.他們稱贊他。3deepdeeplydeep修飾具體動作時,往往兩個詞可互換，但多用deepTheyhadtodigverydeep/deeplyinordertofindwater?他們必須挖得很深，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)水。表示靜止狀態(tài)時只用deep（此時多于介詞、副詞連用）Themeetingcontinueddeepintothenight.會議持續(xù)到了深夜。deeply修飾形容詞或過去分詞只能用deeplyIamdeeplygratefultoyou.我非常感謝你。deeply可與hate,dislike,regret,admire,love,value等動詞連用，但不能與動詞like連用Ideeplyregrethisdeath.我對他的去世深感遺憾。4late遲；晚Thebusarrived5minuteslate.公共汽車遲到了五分鐘。

latelatelylately最近；不久前(同recently)Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?最近你在做什么？aslateas與aslatelyas都有“近至、直到"之意，用法相同Isawhimatlate/latelyasyesterday.直到昨天我才看見他。5nearnearlynear近；臨近；在附近Thetraincamenearerandnearer.火車越來越近了。nearly幾乎；差不多；將近Itisnearlytheno'clock.差不多十點鐘了。6closecloselyclose靠近；挨近；接近ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.走近點以便我能看清你。closely緊密地；緊緊地；秘密地；仔細地；嚴密地Wefollowedcloselyafterhim.我們緊緊地跟在他后面。六、以-ly結尾的形容詞1表示時間的形容詞hourly每小時的，daily每天的，nightly每晚的，weekly每周的，monthly每月的，quarterly每季度的，yearly每年的，early早的，timely及時的；適時的Thistheatrewillgiveanightlyperformance.這個劇院將上演口晚會。2表示人的形容詞manly男子氣的，womanly女人氣的，wifely妻子似的，fatherly父親般的，childly孩子般的，comradely同志式的Whatarewifelyduties?什么是做妻子的責任？3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞lovely可愛的，friendly友好的，ugly難看的，lively活潑的，lonely孤獨的，unfriendly不友好的，kindly和藹的，sickly病弱的，poorly貧窮的，elderly年長的，homely樸實的、不漂亮的Childrenareusuallylively.孩子們常常是精力充沛的/活潑的。4表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞likely可能的，orderly整齊的，costly花費大的，deadly致命的，mannerly有禮貌的，chilly冷的，disorderly亂七八糟的，unlikely不可能的Pleaseleaveourclassroominanorderlyway.讓我們的教室整整齊齊的。注意:elder與older，這兩個詞都是形容詞old的比較級形式，區(qū)別在于：(1)elder指"年長的”,常修飾人，用來表示出生順序的前后和年齡的長幼，常作定語，不可用于than引導的比較狀語從句。（2）older指“年紀較大的、較老的、較舊的”，修飾人或物都行。既可作定語，也可作表語，可用于than引導的比較狀語從句。如：Myelderbrotheristwoyearsolderthanme.我的哥哥比我年長兩歲。七、senior,junior,superior,inferior等詞與to連用1能與to連用，但不能與than連用superior優(yōu)秀的、咼級的（反義詞inferior）Thisrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek.這家飯館比我們上周去的那家好。senior年長的、地位咼的、資格老的（反義詞junior）Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.她在公司里比其他人資格都要老。2既不能與than連用，又不能與to連用的major主要的，minor次要的，表示不太重要或較次要。Theyoungactresswasgivenaminorpartinthenewplay.這年輕的女演員在這部新戲里被分配擔任一個小角色。Whatisthemajorindustryofournation?我們國家的主要工業(yè)是什么？八、某些以a-開頭的表語形容詞以a-開頭的只能作表語的形容詞有afraid,alone,asleep,alive,alike,aware,awake,ashamed等。這類形容詞一般都不能用very修飾，但可用much或verymuch等修飾。如：不能說：Iamveryalone.只可以說：Iammuch/verymuchalone.另外，若它們本身帶有修飾語，則也可用于名詞前作定語。如：thefastasleepchildren熟睡的孩子areallyalivestudent真正活躍的學生九、多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的排列順序限定詞（冠詞/代詞）T數(shù)詞T描繪形容詞T大小T形狀T新舊T年齡T顏色T國籍T材料+名詞。如:asmallroundwoodentable一張小圓木桌anoldChinesestonebridge一座中式老石橋theman'sfirsttwofamoussmallredFrenchoilpaintings這個人的頭兩幅著名的紅色法國小油畫注意：enough修飾形容詞時，放在被修飾詞之后。十、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語常見的此類副詞有actually,anyway,interestingly,strangely,eventually,fortunately,luckily,obvious等。如:Obviously,youransweristotallywrong.很明顯，你的答案全錯了。Interestingly,hewasonlyelevenwhenhecomposedthesonata.有趣的是，他寫那一首奏鳴曲時年僅十一歲。考點練透一、單句填空用適當?shù)男稳菰~、副詞或用所給詞的適當形式填空。Thenumberofthetreesthatthevillagersplantedlastyearreachedasas6,000,000.Therewassosmokethattheycouldn'tseeacrossthehallway.Mylittlebrotherisnotoldtogotoschool.Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandothanwait.Imustbegettingfat—Icandomytrousersup.Theyarelittleinsectsthatwecannoteasilyseethemwithoureyes.Therewaslittlefoodleftthenthatwehadtoturntothelocalpeopleforhelp.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuchshewasgetting.Ihaven'tseenthemovieandmybrotherhaven't.Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillbelievehim.Johnisverylazy.Hefallsbehindinhisstudies.Twopassengersfellintothesea.,neitherofthemcouldswim.WetalkedintothenightandIwasmovedbyhiswords.(deep)IfoundhistalkveryandIwasreallyinit.(interest)Whoisthegreatestpoet(live)?Themorewordsyouknow,the(easy)youcanread.Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels(little)desiretogotobed.Wehavea(month)rainfalloffourinchesinwinterhere.Heisbyfarthe(good)studentinhisclass.Ihavetwobrothersandbothofthemarethanme.Mybrothersarefriendlytome.(old)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment(late)thatday.Hemustbe(mental)disabled.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn'tstopthekidsintheclass.“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't(possible)destroyavillage.”Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight..Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”(high).“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).”二、語篇填空用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。Once,therelivedtwobrothersinalonelyvillage.The1(old)brotherwasmuch2(wise)thantheyounger.Oneday,therewasabighillontheroad,whichwasas3_(heavy)as10tons,blockingtheirway.Howcouldtheymoveittothesideoftheroadsincetherewerenomodernmachinesatthattime?Theelderbrotherchosetogiveinbecauseitwastoo4_(easy)forhimandfoundanotherwaywhichwereabout20kilometersway.Theotherinsistedthatitwouldbe5_(possible)solvedifheremovedit.Theolderonelaughedathim,sayingthathewas6(stupid)thanpersistent.7(final),hismovemovedothers,whohelpedhimsolvetheproblemtogether.Thisstoryremindsusthataslongasweare8(hope)andkeepondoingit,hopewillnotgiveusup.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。China,oneoftheearliestcradlesofcivilizationwithalonghistory,isontheriseontheinternationalstage.Accordingly,1thetraditioninfluencedbyConfucianism(儒家思想)，theChinesepeoplearegenerallyfriendlyand2(unite).Theylovepeaceandareinclinedtogetalongwellwitheachotherinharmony.Atemergency,somepeoplewouldsacrificetheirowninterests,orrather,givethose3needhelpawarmhandattheexpenseoftheirownlife.Chinesepeoplesometimesaremodestandcopewithproblemsin4indirectmanner.Occasionally,Chineseindividualssay"yes”notbecausetheyseeeyetoeyewithothers5outofpolite,whichoftenmakeforeignerspuzzledandinadilemma,since6cannotmakeanaccuratejudgment.Frequently,theysettleamatterinadevious(委婉的)way7(avoid)ahotdebate.Inconclusion,differentcountryhasdifferentcharacteristicsduetotheirrespectivehistories,cultures,geographiesandsoonandpersonalityisjustasmallportion(部分).Eachnation,8itisbigorsmall,strongorweak,should9(respect)andwiththediversityofcivilization,theworldwillbecome10(colorful).助讀詞匯cradlen.搖籃accordinglyadv.因此respectiveadj.各自的interestsn.利益occasionallyadv.偶爾beinclinedto傾向于inharmony和睦融洽地attheexpenseof以......為代價copewith處理seeeyetoeyewith與......意見相同outofpolite出于禮貌inadilemma處于進退兩難的境地參考答案far12