2020年高考英語語法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練專題14-狀語從句

專題十五狀語從句重難點(diǎn)分析狀語從句是由從句擔(dān)任狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語動詞（或其他動詞）、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。它可以用來表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、比較、方式等。狀語從句是一個較大的語法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)。高考中已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語從句這些從句仍是今后高考的熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)做充分的準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)對方式狀語從句也應(yīng)引起重視。不同的狀語從句所使用的連接詞也各不相同。如下表所示：狀語從句名稱連接詞時(shí)間狀語從句when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till/until,since,once,assoonas/themoment,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly...when,everytime等地點(diǎn)狀語從句where和wherever條件狀語從句if,unless,aslongas,onconditionthat,ifonly(=if)原因狀語從句because,since,as,nowthat(既然)結(jié)果狀語從句sothat（從句謂語動詞一般沒有情態(tài)動詞）,so.that,such.that目的狀語從句so,sothat（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞）,inorderthat,incase（以防，以免）讓步狀語從句although,though,as(常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)),evenif/though,however,whatever,whether..or,nomatterwho(when,what,where.)等比較狀語從句than,as...as,themore.themore方式狀語從句as,asif/though,theway,ratherthan等一、時(shí)間狀語從句1.while,when,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別（1）while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性動詞。謂語動詞多為進(jìn)行時(shí)或狀態(tài)動詞的一般時(shí)。此時(shí)可與when互換。如：Pleasekeepquietwhile/whenothersarestudying.當(dāng)別人正在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，請保持安靜。（2）when除可指一段時(shí)間外，還可用來指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，等于“atthetime”，即when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動詞可以是瞬間的，也可以是持續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語可以是一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí)。如：WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.（when不能換成while）當(dāng)我走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室時(shí)，老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。⑶as?？膳cwhen,while通用，但as強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊一邊”。如：As（When/While）Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecar.當(dāng)我沿著大街散步時(shí)，我注意到一輛⑷when有時(shí)代替if,引導(dǎo)條件句，意為“如果，假如”。如:Iwillcomewhen（if）Iamfine.如果我有空，我就會來。2.till,until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語短語或狀語從句，用于否定句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為not...until,主句謂語動詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為“直到……才……”；用于肯定句時(shí)，主句謂語動詞需用延續(xù)性動詞，表示“到……為止”。如：Theyplayed（延續(xù)性動詞）volleyballuntil/tillitgotdark.他們打排球直到天黑才結(jié)束。Theydidn'ttalk（延續(xù)性動詞）until/tilltheinterpretercame.直到口譯員來了他們才開始談話。Hedidn'tgotobed（非延續(xù)性動詞）until/tillhisfathercameback.直到他父親回來他才睡覺。注意：（1）until可以放在句首，till則不行。如：Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（倒裝）直到完成工作他才回家。⑵till,until只用于表時(shí)間，以下句子是錯誤的：Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.（till必須改為as或to）我們走到了森林的邊緣。二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where和wherever。如：Makeamarkwhereyouhavequestion.在你有問題的地方做記號。Sitwhereveryoulike.坐在你喜歡的地方。三、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if,unless,aslongas,onconditionthat,ifonly（=if）。值得注意的是，條件狀語從句中的if不能用whether替換。如：Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.如果他不在辦公室，那一定是出去吃午飯了。Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.你可以借這本書，只要你讓它保持干凈。四、原因狀語從句because,since,as引導(dǎo)原因狀語時(shí)注意使用上的區(qū)別：如果原因是構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because，因此because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用why提問的句子，一定用because回答。如：Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.昨天他必須呆在家里，因?yàn)樗×恕Ｈ绻蛞褳槿藗兯?，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as或since，since比as更正式些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。如：Asyouaretired,youhadbettertakearest.你累了，最好休息一下。Sinceeveryoneishere,nowlet'sbegin.大家都到齊了，現(xiàn)在開始。五、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句表原因，從句表結(jié)果。結(jié)果狀語從句通常由sothat（從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞），so...that,such...that等引導(dǎo)。如：Hewassoexcitedthathejumpedfromthesofa.他如此激動以至于他從沙發(fā)上跳了下來。六、目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so,asthat（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞）,inorderthat,incase（以防，以免）等。如：Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.說清楚些以便他們能理解。Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.他盡早地離開，以防誤了火車。七、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由although,though,as,evenif/though,however,whatever,whether.or,nomatterwho/when/what...等引導(dǎo)。值得注意的是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般用倒裝。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他還是個孩子，他卻知道很多。Whatever（=Nomatterwhat）yousay,Iwillneverchangemymind.不管你說什么，我都不會改變主意。八、比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than,as.as,themore.themore等引導(dǎo)。如：Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.我犯的錯誤比你犯的多得多。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.越忙他覺得越快樂。九、方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as,asif（though）,theway,ratherthan等引導(dǎo)。如：YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.你必須按照我教你的去做練習(xí)。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.從他的舉止行為看，似乎什么也沒發(fā)生過。附加說明：使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個問題在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）狀語從句中，主語用一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.我一到上海就寫信給你。在有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致（或雖不一致，但是it），從句的謂語又包含動詞be,就可省略從句中的“主語+be”部分。如：If（youare）asked,youmaycomein.如果你被邀請了，你就可以進(jìn)來。If（itis）necessary,Iwillexplaintoyouagain.如果有必要，我會再給你解釋一次的。注意區(qū)分不同的從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例：Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)你會在你放它的地方找到它。Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定語從句，句中有先行詞)告訴我你住的地址。Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.(賓語從句)我不知道他來自哪里。Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主語從句)他去了哪里還不知道。Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表語從句)這里就是他們曾經(jīng)藏過的地方。3.as作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”如：Hesangasheworked.當(dāng)他工作的時(shí)候，他會唱歌。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“像……一樣”如:Wemustdoasthepartyteachesus.我們必須像那個聚會教我們的那樣做。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“由于”如:Asyouarelate,youhadbetterwait.由于你遲到了，你最好等一下。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡快”。常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Childasheis,hecandoitwell.(=Althoughheisachild,hecandoitwell.)盡管他是個孩子，他卻能把它做好。as作為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:Ihavesuchbooksasyoulike.我有你喜歡的書。考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空，補(bǔ)全下列句子。Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChinahewasfifty.Hebegantoworkhegotthere.Let'sbeginourmeetingeveryoneishere.IliketheEnglishpeople,Idon'tliketheirfood.yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.Hedidn'tcometothelecturehewasverybusy.wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.Theywillhelpyouyoumeetwithdifficulty.wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.Ididn'tjointhemyesterdayeveningIhadtogotoanimportantmeeting.Wewouldtrytogetacarwecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.Shewouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthdaysheseldomwrotetoherfamily.Wearedoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyouwecan.Themeetingbecamesodisorderlythespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.Tobehonest,youdidbetterIdid.youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.Theboywassotiredhefellasleeponthebus.Hardhetried,hecouldn'tforcethedooropen.weoftenusecomputertowriteoremailtosomebody,handwritingisstillakindofpreciouswealthtous.Keepityoucanseeit.wedonothingtosavetheGreatWall,itwillsoonbecomeawasteland.二、語篇填空根據(jù)短文意思或括號中的漢語提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空。Inmyopinion,wecan'tleavetoday'sworkfortomorrow,1tomorrowwehavedifferentthingstodo.2weleavetoday'sworkfortomorrow,3wewillhavesomeotherwork,wewillgraduallypileuptoomanythingsandwillnevergetthemdone.4,onlythepersonswithoutdeterminationandwill-powerwillfindallkindsofexcusefordelayingthethingstheyshouldhavedonetoday.5（此^卜），6wegetintothebadhabitofleavingtoday'sworkfortomorrow,wewilleasilybecomelazy.Aswehavealotofthingstolearnanddifferenthomeworktodoeveryday,wecannotaffordtowastetime.7（因此）,theearlierweplanourtimeandgetdowntothework,8（越多）wewilllearn.Inaword,9wehavestrongintentionandgreatdeterminationanddoeverything10（按照）planned,wewillbeabletokeepimprovingourselvesandachievesuccess.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhenIwasgrowingup,Idonotrecallhearingthewords"Iloveyou”frommyfather.Whenyourfatherneversays1toyouwhenyouareachild,itgetstougherandtougherforhim2（say）thosewordsashegets3（old）.Totellthetruth,Icouldnothonestlyremember4Ihadlastsaidthosewordstohimeither.Idecidedtosetmyegoasideandmakethefirstmove.5somehesitation,inournextphoneconversationIblurtedoutthewords,"Dad...Iloveyou!”Therewas6silenceattheotherendandhe7（awkward）replied,"Well,samebackatyou!”Ilaughedandsaid,“Dad,Iknowyouloveme,andwhenyouareready,Iknowyou8(say)whatyouwanttosay.”Afewweekslater,Dadconcludedourphoneconversation9thewords,"Paul,Iloveyou.”丨wasatworkduringthisconversationandthetearswererollingdownmycheeks10Ifinally“heard”thelove.Aswebothsatthereintearswerealizedthatthisspecialmomenthadtakenourfather-sonrelationshiptoanewlevel.助讀詞匯recallvt.回想起conclude