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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句子成分和基本句型2023/2/21(MembersofaSentence)2023/2/22什么是句子?句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位.句子的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě),結(jié)尾要有.?!Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!2023/2/23現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種,即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種:主語(yǔ)(subject)、謂語(yǔ)(predicate)、表語(yǔ)(predicative)、賓語(yǔ)(object)、定語(yǔ)(attribute)、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement)。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。句子包括哪些成分?2023/2/24主語(yǔ)(Subject):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,常位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。主語(yǔ)可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。2023/2/251.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(不定式)(動(dòng)名詞)(名詞化的形容詞)2023/2/267.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主語(yǔ)從句)(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)2023/2/27句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞(4分,4分鐘)①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2023/2/28謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.2023/2/29謂語(yǔ)

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.(3)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Wearestudents.注意:謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。2023/2/2101.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework2.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is3.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor4.Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music5.Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book2023/2/211表語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份,它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:2023/2/2121.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)2.Isityours?(代詞)3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)4.Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)2023/2/2136.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.(介詞短語(yǔ))9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副詞)10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)2023/2/214

挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.2023/2/215在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:be(am,is,are,were,was)狀態(tài):seem,appear,prove感官:smell,feel,taste,sound,look變化:become,get,turn,go,come,grow持續(xù):remain,stay,keep,2023/2/216I.常用作連系動(dòng)詞:①變成,變得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn口訣:好是come,壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow;流水、金錢(qián)緩緩run;顏色、天氣大不同turn;Get\become口語(yǔ)化,如果要說(shuō)就用它.口訣解讀:Come一般表示事物由壞變好,結(jié)果是好的。如:Dreamscometrue.夢(mèng)想成真。Go一般表示事物由好變壞,結(jié)果是不好的。如:It'ssuchahotdaytodaythatthisdishhasgonesmelly.

今天太熱了,菜都餿了。2023/2/217Grow表示逐漸變化,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程,后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如:我想和你一起慢慢變老。Iwanttogrowoldwithyou.Run與grow是對(duì)應(yīng)的,其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng),能消耗的東西。如:Stillwaterrunsdeep.靜水深流。Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞,側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。如:Theweathersuddenlyturnedhot.天氣突然變熱了。2023/2/2184.賓語(yǔ)(Object):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))Lendmeyourdictionary.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

2023/2/219賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名詞)(代詞、動(dòng)名詞)(名詞、數(shù)詞)2023/2/2204.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名詞化形容詞,名詞)(不定式短語(yǔ))(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))(賓語(yǔ)從句)2023/2/221賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,“七給”一“帶”to不少

例如:

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.2023/2/222下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.2023/2/223下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.2023/2/224(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.2023/2/225

劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)(①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?2023/2/226下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如:

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書(shū)已還給他了)

2023/2/227賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement),用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后,賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等?!百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:2023/2/2281.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(名詞)(形容詞)(副詞)(不定式短語(yǔ))(現(xiàn)在分詞)(介詞短語(yǔ))(從句)2023/2/229賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中,有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思,還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思.它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么,怎么樣的作用.它可以由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng).Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawhimenterthehall.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.Iheardmynamecalled.2023/2/230

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?2023/2/231主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成主補(bǔ).Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam

Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.2023/2/232定語(yǔ)

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名詞)4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)2023/2/2335.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語(yǔ)從句)2023/2/234(五)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!2023/2/235狀語(yǔ)(adverbialmodifier)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)??捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(副詞及副詞性詞組)(介詞短語(yǔ))(不定式短語(yǔ))2023/2/2364.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(分詞短語(yǔ))(名詞)(狀語(yǔ)從句)2023/2/2379種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))(原因狀語(yǔ))(條件狀語(yǔ))(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))(方式狀語(yǔ))2023/2/238Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))(目的狀語(yǔ))(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))(讓步狀語(yǔ))(比較狀語(yǔ))2023/2/239

(九)同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔS擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任,如:ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.(十)插入語(yǔ)(Parenthesis)對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔS衪obehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe)等,如:Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.2023/2/240(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.2023/2/241練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial2023/2/2426.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.2023/2/24314.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative2023/2/244指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分

11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.2023/2/245有哪幾種常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)?2023/2/246按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種:簡(jiǎn)單句

(simplesentence)

并列句(compoundsentence)復(fù)合句(complexsentence)2023/2/247(一).簡(jiǎn)單句:

只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ)):<1>.Tomlikesrockmusic.<2>.TomandJohn

arefondofrockmusic.<3>.Tom

satdownathisdeskandbegantodohishomework.▲▲2023/2/248簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型2023/2/249種類(lèi)類(lèi)型主語(yǔ)S謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v表語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)p賓語(yǔ)0賓補(bǔ)oc第1種S+VWework第2種S+V+0He

playsviolin.第3種S+v+pWearestudens第4種S+v+IO+DOshegavemeapen.第5種S+V+O+OCHemademelaugh2023/2/250Iamawebaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。Chattingontheinternetisinteresting.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。Internetdatinghurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。Ilikechattingonline.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。Wecancallinternetaddictsawebaholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。2023/2/251基本句型一:SVP(主+系+表)S│V(是系動(dòng)詞)│P

1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.He│fell│inlove.4.Everything│looks│different.5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.6.Thetrouble│is│thattheyareshortofmoney.麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X(qián)。7.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.我們井干枯了。8.Hisface│turned│red.他的臉紅了。2023/2/252系動(dòng)詞包括Be動(dòng)詞以及一些表示感官的動(dòng)詞。★高考經(jīng)??疾榈南祫?dòng)詞:

<1>.“變得”______,_______,_______,_______,_____...

<2>.“看起來(lái)”______,______,______“聞起來(lái)”______“嘗起來(lái)”_____“摸起來(lái)”______“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”_____

主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)

getbecometurngogrowlookseemappearsmelltastefeelsound2023/2/253★系動(dòng)詞的用法:(注意三點(diǎn))

+___________作表語(yǔ);系動(dòng)詞無(wú)__________;

無(wú)

__________;e.g.Thedish________________.(嘗起來(lái)好吃)Thestory_______________.(聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣).adj.

賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tastesdelicioussoundsinteresting2023/2/254一、系動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi):

常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞大致可分為三類(lèi)。

第一類(lèi):表示特征或狀態(tài)的,有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turnout(結(jié)果是、證明是)等。

Heseemstobeill.

Itappearsthatheisunhappy.

Therosessmellsweet.

Howsweetthemusicsounds!

Thedayturnedout(tobe)afineone.

2023/2/255第二類(lèi):表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的變化,有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。

Yesterdayhesuddenlyfellill.

Mary’sfacewentred.

Hisdreamhascometrue.

Theboy’sbloodrancold.

2023/2/2562023/2/257第三類(lèi):表示保持狀態(tài)的,有keep,remain,continue,stay等。

Keepquiet,children!

Theweathercontinuedfineforalongtime.

Itremainstobeproved.

2023/2/258系動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、詞組、從句,系動(dòng)詞be可用于上述所有情況。

Thenewswassurprising.(分詞)

HisjobisteachingEnglish.(動(dòng)名詞)

Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.(不定式)

Imustbeoffnow.(副詞)

Thebridgeisunderconstruction.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.(詞組)

Thisiswhyhewaslate.(從句)

2023/2/259

所有的系動(dòng)詞都可接形容詞作表語(yǔ),此處略舉數(shù)例。

Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.

Shelooksunhappytoday.

Doyoufeelcold?

Youseem/appearill.

Thefoodtastesdelicious.

Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.

Heoftenwenthungry.

2023/2/260

能用不定式作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有:appear,seem

get,prove,remain,turnout等。Sheappears/seemstobeveryyoung.

Heappears/seemstohavecaughtcold.

Theygottobefriends。

Themeetingturnedouttobesuccessful.

Thetheoryprovedtoberight.

Muchremainstobedone.

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能接從句的有:be,seem,appear,sound,look等。

That’swhyhefellill.

Myideaisthatweshouldhelphim.

Itseems/appearstomethatsomethingiswrong.

Itsoundstomeasifsomeoneweretryingtogetintothehouse.

Yourvoicesoundsasifyouhadacold.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.2023/2/262

能接介詞短語(yǔ)的有:be,feel,look,sound,taste,remain等。

be是特別活躍的系動(dòng)詞,其后可接很多介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。

Heisathome/inthelibrary/onthewayhome/onholiday.

Theyareonduty/onstrike/onleave.

Theroadisunderrepair.2023/2/263其他系動(dòng)詞能和介詞搭配的范圍很小。如:

Itfeelslikearain.Itlookslikearain.

Itsoundslikeatraingoingundermyroom.

Ittastesofapples.(這有蘋(píng)果的味道。)

Theconcertremainsinmymemory.

2023/2/2646.能接分詞的系動(dòng)詞有:be,become,get,grow,seem,appear等。

Hisreportwasdisappointing/delighting/moving/astonishing…Theboywasmoved/delighted/surprised/disappointed/astonished。Hehasbecome/got/grown/interestedinmodernphysics。Heseems/appearsdrunk。

系動(dòng)詞后還可接代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、副詞及其詞組,基本都是be的用法。其他系動(dòng)詞幾乎不能這樣用或很少這樣用。page432023/2/265一.縱觀(guān)歷年的高考題,對(duì)系動(dòng)詞的考查一直是高考中非常重要的熱點(diǎn)之一,對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)也是難點(diǎn)所在。高考對(duì)系動(dòng)詞考查的覆蓋面廣,涉及的系動(dòng)詞較多,重點(diǎn)考查的是get,其次是feel和remain,考查的難度在逐年增大。

二.對(duì)表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞的考查

英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞有g(shù)et,turn,turnout(結(jié)果是……),go,come(成為),fall,become等。

2023/2/266

1.對(duì)get的考查

get表示狀態(tài)的改變,意為“變成,變得,做成”,它后面可以接形容詞、v-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞等。

①Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.

A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange

2023/2/267②Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet,ifnot,youmay_____runoverbyacar.

A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn③AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.

A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed

分析:例①②③中考查的是“get+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例①getchanged意為“換衣服”,例②getrunover意為“碾過(guò),壓過(guò)”,例③getseparated意思是“沖散,分離”,所以正確答案分別是A、B、A

2023/2/268

2.對(duì)go的考查

系動(dòng)詞go的意義是“變成,成為”,后多跟形容詞,如gobad,gomad,gowrong,gohungry,gosour等。例如:

Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentincoalmine,she______pale.

A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared

分析:該題考查的是“go+adj.”系表結(jié)構(gòu)。got和changed不能與pale搭配起來(lái)表達(dá)這一狀態(tài)的變化,而appeared是表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞。所以正確答案是C。

2023/2/269

3.對(duì)fall的考查

系動(dòng)詞fall表示“(不知不覺(jué)地或突然地)進(jìn)入……狀態(tài)”,后常跟形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等,如:fallill(生病),fallapart(散開(kāi)),fallasleep,fallintoadeepsleep(睡熟)。例如:

Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.

A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fell

C.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell

分析:該題第二空考查的是系動(dòng)詞“fall+adj.”結(jié)構(gòu),fallasleep是短暫性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),故正確答案是B。2023/2/270

三.對(duì)表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞的考查

常見(jiàn)的有be,seem,appear,look,feel,smell,sound,keep,taste,remain,prove,stay,lie(處于某種狀態(tài)),stand(處于某種狀態(tài))等。

1.對(duì)remain的考查

系動(dòng)詞remain的意思是“保持,繼續(xù),依然不變”,后常接名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等。

①Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

2023/2/271

②A(yíng)lthoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth______poor.A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues

分析:例①中的remain是個(gè)半系動(dòng)詞,“有待被看,證實(shí)”,所以應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)式,故答案是B。例②中remainpoor意為“仍然很差”,maintain意為“維持,保持,繼續(xù)”,不與形容詞poor連用,所以正確答案是B。

2023/2/272

2.對(duì)stay的考查

stay意為“保持原狀,維持”,后面可以接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞等。

①Theweatherhasstayedwarmallweek.

②Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill______freshforseveraldays.

A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed

分析:該題考查的是系動(dòng)詞stay后接形容詞(fresh)的系表結(jié)構(gòu),它表示一種存在的狀態(tài),主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),所以正確答案是B。

2023/2/273

3.對(duì)appear的考查

appear的含義是“似乎,好像,看來(lái)(如關(guān)于某人的性格、感情或意圖)”,此時(shí)不用進(jìn)行式,后接形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。

①Sheappearedratherupsetaboutsomething.看來(lái)有些什么事使她心煩。

②Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_______everything.(上海2001)

A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

2023/2/274分析:句意是“一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。她看上去已經(jīng)知道一切事情。”句中tell后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),故用不定式的被動(dòng)式,又因?yàn)椤爸酪磺小卑l(fā)生在“告訴真相”之前,要用完成式。所以正確答案是D。

4.對(duì)feel的考查

feel的意思是“感覺(jué)是,似乎”,后常接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。

①I(mǎi)lovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.

A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes2023/2/275

②Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,it______verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

分析:這兩道考題考查的是“fell+adj.”的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例①中feelgood意為“感覺(jué)舒服”;例②feelsoft意為“摸上去軟和”,此時(shí),主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)的含義。所以正確答案分別是B和C。

2023/2/276

5.對(duì)系動(dòng)詞look的考查

look有“看來(lái),顯得”等意,后面常接形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、從句等。①Theplanlooksgoodonpaper,butwillitwork?這個(gè)計(jì)劃從表面上看來(lái)不錯(cuò),但能行得通嗎?②Youdon'tlookvery___.Areyouill?

--No,I'mjustabittired.

A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy

分析:盡管提供的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)都是形容詞,但lookwell的意思是“看上去氣色好”,符合對(duì)話(huà)的語(yǔ)境,故正確答案是B。2023/2/277

6.對(duì)sound的考查

sound有“聽(tīng)起來(lái),令人覺(jué)得,似乎”等含義,后面可以接形容詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等。

①Shesoundstobeaverystrangewoman.聽(tīng)起來(lái)她似乎是一個(gè)非常古怪的女人。

②Whathesaidsounds________.

A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfully

分析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有friendly是形容詞,可以和sound連用構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),其他三項(xiàng)都是副詞,只能作狀語(yǔ)不能作表語(yǔ),所以正確答案是C。

2023/2/278

7.對(duì)taste的考查

taste在使用時(shí)不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),含義是“嘗起來(lái),有某種特殊的味道”,一般接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

①Theseorangestastenice.這些橙子味道很好。

②Theseorangestaste_____.

A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell

分析:taste是系動(dòng)詞,所以要用形容詞good作其表語(yǔ)。well作形容詞時(shí),意思是“健康的”,只能形容人,不能形容物。故正確答案是A。

2023/2/279

8.對(duì)smell的考查

smell經(jīng)常與形容詞連用,意思是“聞起來(lái),有……氣味,發(fā)出……的氣味”。

①Thisbooksmellsold.這本書(shū)有一股霉味。

②Wedon‘tcareifahuntingdogsmells______,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmell_______.

A.well;wellB.bad;badC.well;badlyD.bad;badly

分析:第一空前的smell是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“嗅,聞,有嗅覺(jué)”,副詞badly修飾smells;而第二空前的smell是系動(dòng)詞,與形容詞bad構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

答案為D2023/2/280基本句型二:SV(主+謂)此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。S│V(不及物動(dòng)詞)

Thesun│wasshining.2.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙長(zhǎng)存。3.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.4.Who│cares?管它呢?5.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.6.Thepen│writessmoothly2023/2/2812.________________Everybodyworks.Sheleft.

★高考經(jīng)??疾榈牟患拔飫?dòng)詞:

“發(fā)生”__________;__________;__________;____________________“用完,用光”________;________

★不及物動(dòng)詞的用法:

無(wú)__________,無(wú)_________

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(S+V)happenoccurtakeplacecomeaboutbreakoutrunoutgiveout

賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2023/2/282e.g.<1>.“過(guò)去的幾年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化”

Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchangesinthelastfewyears.

(改錯(cuò))

________________________________________________________.

<2>.Doyouknowwhatwashappenedyesterday?(×)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthelastfewyears.\2023/2/283主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。如:

1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesatthere

alone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weak

buildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.2023/2/284鞏固練習(xí):

1.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

2.在過(guò)去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化.3.1919年,在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。4.每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。

2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.2023/2/285鞏固練習(xí):5.這個(gè)重五公斤。

6.秋天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。

7.每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。Thisboxweighsfivekilos.

Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.2023/2/286基本句型三:SVO(主+謂+賓)構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如:me,him,them等

S│V(及物動(dòng)詞)│O

1.Who│knows│theanswer?誰(shuí)知道答案?2.She│smiled│herthanks.她微笑表示感謝。3.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.他拒絕幫他們。4.He│enjoys│reading.他喜歡看書(shū)。5.They│ate│whatwasleftover.他們吃了剩飯。6.He│said│"Goodmorning."他說(shuō):"早上好!"7.I│want│tohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。8.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。2023/2/287鞏固練習(xí):1.昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?/p>

3.這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。

4.他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。

5.那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。

Iwrotealetterlastnight.

Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.

Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.

Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.

Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.2023/2/288鞏固練習(xí):6.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。

7.Jim還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。

8.我們大家都相信Jack是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。

9.他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。

10.我開(kāi)窗戶(hù)你在意嗎?

IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.

Jimcannotdresshimself.

AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.

Hedidnotknowwhattosay.

Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?2023/2/289基本句型四:SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)

1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2.She│cooked│herhusband│adeliciousmeal.她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3.He│brought│you│adictionary.他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。4.He│denies│her│nothing.他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.我告訴他汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了。6.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。

2023/2/290但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)(事物),后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)(人),則要借助于介詞to或for。如:

Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.2023/2/291用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,表示朝著,向著,對(duì)著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者,表示為了某人,替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;(需借助for

的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。2023/2/292鞏固練習(xí):1.Johnson先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。

3.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎?4.他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。

MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.

Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.

Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?

Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.2023/2/293鞏固練習(xí):

5.我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎?6.新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。7.他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買(mǎi)了一件毛衣。

ShallIcallyouataxi?

Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.

7.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonth’ssalary.2023/2/294說(shuō)明:此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系,若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),則句意不夠完整。Thesunkeepsuswarm.

Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.

基本句型五:SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))2023/2/295S│V(及物)│O(賓語(yǔ))│C(賓補(bǔ))名詞/代詞賓格+名詞Thewar|made|him|asoldier./戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格+形容詞Newmethods|make|thejob|easy./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松.名詞/代詞賓格+介詞短語(yǔ)I|oftenfind|him|atwork./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.名詞/

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