常用詞的用法4

UnitFourdamage,dance,danger,dare,date,deal,dear,death,debate,debt,decide,declare,decorate,decrease,defend,delay,demand,deny,depend,describe,design,desire,despite,destroy,detail,determine,develop,devote,die,diet,differ,difference,different,difficulty,direction,disappoint,discover,dissolve,distance,distinguish,disturb,divide,do,double,doubt,dozen,dream,dress,drive,drop.damage

damage毀壞、損害。短語(yǔ)：cause/dodamageto對(duì)……有損害；bebadlydamagedby遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害；比較：damage指?jìng)θ嘶蛭铮蛊涫r(jià)值、用途或外表，含有對(duì)價(jià)值或效果造成的損失。如：Thecropswerebadlydamagedbythefloods.harm指物質(zhì)、精神或肉體上的損害，強(qiáng)調(diào)痛苦和損失的影響。如：Theworkershavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthemachines.injure無(wú)論是肉體、心靈上，還是價(jià)值、名譽(yù)的損失都可用。如：Heinjuredanarminacaraccident.①Hishousewasslightly___inthisflood.A.ruinedB.destroyedC.damagedD.broken②Hisselfishnessandgreedinessatlastbroughthimto___.A.ruinsB.ruinC.damageD.damages③Hisbikewassobadly___thatitcouldn’tberepairedatall.A.destroyedB.ruinedC.damagedD.damaging④Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?___.A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem⑤Atrafficaccidenthappenedandagreatmanypeoplewere___.A.destroyedB.injuredC.harmedD.damagedCCBBAdanger

danger危險(xiǎn)。反義詞safe短語(yǔ)：beindangerof有……的危險(xiǎn)；makeadangerof認(rèn)為……難辦；Thereisdangerthatwewillbemisunderstood我們有被誤解的危險(xiǎn)；Thereisdangerofhisseeingus/inhisseeingus我們很可能被他看見(jiàn)/他看見(jiàn)我們就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)；bedangeroustodosomething做某事有危險(xiǎn)；比較：indanger在危險(xiǎn)中、處境危險(xiǎn)，指某人（物）處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)下；dangerous指某人（物、事）是“危險(xiǎn)的”，即可給他人（物）造成或帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。indangerof有……的危險(xiǎn)；outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)；①ItappearedthatTomwas___losinghislife,butluckilyhewas___intheend.A.inthedangerof;outofthedangerB.indanger;outofdangerC.indangerof;outofdangerD.indangerof;outofthedanger②It’sbettertokeepalittleforthenight___need.A.indangerofB.infaceofC.inthewayofD.incaseof③Thinice!___!A.DangerB.AdangerC.DangersD.Thedanger④Jackisnow___danger.Let’shelphimout.A.atB.inC.outofD.withCDABdare

dare敢、敢于。短語(yǔ)：Idaresay我揣測(cè)、我想；Idareyoutodosomething我量你不敢做某事；Iwonderwhetherhedaretry我不知道他是否敢試；用法：（1）dare后跟帶to的不定式，若用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句，to可省略，尤其當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I時(shí)。dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中；dare作分詞用時(shí)，to不可??；daren’t可表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)。（2）Idaresay在我看來(lái)、可能、也許(側(cè)重不肯定)；Idaretosay我敢說(shuō)(側(cè)重肯定)；Idareyoutodosomething是小孩用來(lái)激對(duì)方去做使人害怕的事，意為“我諒你不敢做某事”；(Don’t)youdare!你敢，叫別人不要去做不該做的事；Idaresay我想、我認(rèn)為；Howdareyou?放肆，表示憤慨時(shí)使用的感嘆句；①He___gooutaloneatnight.A.daresnotB.daresnottoC.darenotD.darenotto②___stopthemwhentheyarequarreling?A.DoyoudareB.DoyoudaretoC.DareyoutoD.Daredyou③Hwdaredtoclimbthetalltree,___?A.daren’theB.didheC.didn’theD.daredhe④Iwonderhowhe___thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsayCCBDdate

date日期。短語(yǔ)：datebackto/from始于(屬于某一歷史時(shí)期)、可追溯到；datetheletter在信上寫(xiě)日期；datesomething確定某物的年代；todate至今、到現(xiàn)在；atanearlydate日內(nèi)；outofdate過(guò)時(shí)；thedateofbirth出生日期；uptodate直到現(xiàn)在的、最新式的；makeadatetodosomething相約做某事；比較：（1）dateback(to)和datefrom都有“追溯到、從……就開(kāi)始有”的意思。如：Thecustomdatesfromancienttimes./Thecastledatesbacktothefourteenthcentury.datefor意為“與……約會(huì)”。如：I’lldateMaryforthedance.(2)、date是指具體的日期，一般用單數(shù)。如：Hecan’trememberthedateofthatbattle.day泛指日子。如：He’llneverforgetthedaywhenwedeparted.在疑問(wèn)句中，date問(wèn)的是幾月幾號(hào)，day問(wèn)的是星期幾，day可指天氣，date不可。①Weweretoldthatthestonefigure___backtothe16thcenturywasofgreatvalue.A.datedB.datingC.comingD.kept②Thecastle___the14thcentury.A.datesbackB.datedbacktoC.datesfromD.datedfrom③Theseoldbuildingspossibly___theMingPeriod.A.aredatedbacktoB.datefromC.aredatedfromD.dateBBCdeal

deal分配、分派、處理、應(yīng)付、量、數(shù)額。短語(yǔ)：dealinrice/tea做米(茶)生意；agreat/good(不可省)deal(of)很多；dealoutsomethingtosomebody把某物分發(fā)給某人；Dealwithamanashedealswithyou以其人之道，還治其人之身；用法：dealwith處理、論述，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，在問(wèn)句中要和how連用，可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Howdidyoudealwiththeproblem?dowith應(yīng)付、對(duì)付，在問(wèn)句中，要與what連用，what與do是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Whatdidyoudowiththeproblem?①He___theproblem___wecoulddealwithpollutioneffectivelyandquicklyattheconference.A.didwith;whatB.dealtwith;howC.dealtwith;whatD.didwith;how②ProfessorYangisworkingonabook___thewarbetweenAmericaandIraq.A.dealtinB.dealtwithC.refertoD.dealingwith③Youshouldlearn___withpeoplearoundyou.A.whattodealB.howtodealC.howaboutdealingD.whataboutdealing④Thenursehasgreattrouble___suchnaughtychildren.A.indealingwithB.dealingC.todealwithD.beingdealtwith⑤500yuan,butthat’smylastoffer.Well,that’sagreat___.A.muchB.dealC.quantityD.numberBBBDA⑥Willyoupleaseshowme___todonext?Well,we’llhavetoconsider___todealwiththepollutedrivernearbyourvillage.A.what;whatB.how;howC.what;howD.how;what⑦Theproblemof___becomeaseriousone.A.dealingwithwasteplasticshaveB.dealwithwasteplasticshasC.dealingwithwasteplasticshasD.todealwithwasteplasticshas⑧Thewriterisworkingonabook___thehistoryofsocialdevelopment.A.dealtinB.dealtwithC.dealinginD.dealingwith⑨ThisisthefirstproblemthatIhaveto___.A.dowithB.dealwithC.takeinterestD.workon⑩LastsummerItookacourseon___poisonousgases.A.howtodealwithB.whattodealwithC.howtobedealtwithD.whattobedealtwithCCDBAdear

dear昂貴的、高價(jià)的、親愛(ài)的。短語(yǔ)：somebody’sdearesthope某人心底的愿望；holdsomebody/somethingdear重視(寵愛(ài))某人(物)；bedeartosomebody對(duì)某人親密；用法：(1)、mydear/dearme/oh,dear/goodheavens哎呀、天啦(表示焦急、驚奇、傷心等)，mydear也可用于友好地稱呼別人，以示親切。(2)、dear=highinprice,不能與price連用；一個(gè)價(jià)值千元的金表如賣千元，不能說(shuō)dear，只能說(shuō)expensive。一斤蘋(píng)果通常賣一元，如賣一元五，就是dear。比較：dear常用來(lái)表示東西的價(jià)格太貴，帶有不值這么多錢的含義，是物價(jià)超過(guò)常情的貴。如：Thisclothistoodear.expensive昂貴，指大大超出物質(zhì)本身的價(jià)值或超出人們的購(gòu)買力，常用于昂貴的東西，可與dear通用，但語(yǔ)氣和程度dear不及expensive。如：Thenecklaceistooexpensiveformetobuy.①Atthepresenttime,thecarofeverykindisn’t___,andmanyconsumerswanttobuy___.A.high;oneB.dear;itC.high;itD.dear;one②Helosteverythingthatwas___tohim.A.expensiveB.valueC.dearD.highDCdeath

death死。短語(yǔ)：putsomebodytodeath處死某人；meethisdeathfromcancer患癌癥而死；sentencesomebodytodeath判處某人死刑；thedeathofone’shope希望的毀滅；on/uponthedeathof在某人死時(shí)（后）；①Thestormsdidalotof___andcausedsome___.A.damage;deathB.damages;deathsC.damage;deathsD.damages;death②Accordingtothenewspaper,themurderer___todeath3daysago.A.hadsentencedB.wouldbesentencedC.sentencedD.wassentencedCDdebate

debate辯論、討論。短語(yǔ)：debatewithsomebodyupon/aboutsomething與某人辯論某事；debatesb與某人辯論；debateaboutsth爭(zhēng)論某事；adebatewithsb與某人的一場(chǎng)辯論；①Afteralong___thebillwaspassedbytheHouseoftheCommons.A.argueB.debateC.discussD.quarrel②The2sidesdebated___eachother___whowasthebetterforadayA.to;toB.with;aboutC.over;onD.between;inBBdebt

debt債務(wù)、欠款。短語(yǔ)：get/runintodebt=indebt負(fù)債；indebttosomebody/insomebody’sdebt欠某人的債、受某人的恩惠；(get)outofdebt還清債務(wù)(以上三者debt前不用限定詞)；oweadebttosomebody欠某人的債；Afterthemerchant’sshipswerealllostatsea,hewas___.A.heavyindebtB.inheavydebtsC.heavyindebtsD.inheavydebtDdecide

decide下決心、決定、斷定。反義詞短語(yǔ)和句型：decidefor/infavorof做出對(duì)……有利的決定；decideon/uponaplan決定計(jì)劃；1)、decideanewplan；2)、decidewhethertogoatonce；3)、decideondoingsomething決定做某事；4)、decide(not)togo/on(upon)going決定(不)去；5)、Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……；6)、decideagainstdoingsomething決定不做某事；7)、Wecan’tdecidewhoshouldopenitfirst.用法：(1)、decide+that從句，意為“斷定、肯定”時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣；意為“決定、決意”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(2)、decide可跟帶連接代詞、連接副詞加不定式。如：decidehowtodoit；類似的詞有：ask,consider,explain,findout,know,show,tell,wonder,teach,learn,discuss,forget等。常用的疑問(wèn)詞有：what,who,whom,when,how,where,whether,which等，其結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可在句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。(3)、decide不跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，不說(shuō)：decidehimtodoit,要改為decide+that從句。比較：decide通常指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮或商議后做出決定。如：Haveyoudecidedwhattotakewithyou?determine指對(duì)某些具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)一步加以確定，有“決定后堅(jiān)持下去”的含義。如：Wearedeterminedtocatchupwiththeadvancedcountries.makeupone’smind指打定主意，與“遲疑、動(dòng)搖”等相對(duì)。如：Hehasmadeuphismindthatheshouldworkmore.settle表示澄清了事實(shí)，解除了疑問(wèn)之后的最后決定。如：settlethetriptotheGreatWall①ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonthewesternculture,butwhenandwhere___yet.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedD.aren’tdecided②Heis___tocarryouthisplanforlanguagestudy.A.determinedB.decidedC.decisionD.decideonAAdeclare

declare聲明、斷定、宣布。短語(yǔ)和句型：declarefor/againstsomething表態(tài)支持(反對(duì))某事；Hedeclaredthatitwastrue/declaredittobetrue(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))斷定那是真實(shí)的；Hedeclaredhimself(tobe)satisfied他表示自己滿意；declarewaron/against向……宣戰(zhàn)；1)、declaremyopinion發(fā)表我的看法；2)、declaresomebody(tobe)innocent宣布某人無(wú)罪；3)、Hedeclaredthatthemeetinghadbeenpostponed.用法：declare的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、賓語(yǔ)從句，不接不定式。如：Hedeclaredtofinishthework要改為：thathecouldfinishthework；Thechairmandeclaredthemeeting___intheend.A.closedB.openingC.closingD.openAdecorate

decorate裝飾、修飾。短語(yǔ)：Thehallisdecoratedwithredflags禮堂里懸掛著紅旗；decorate…withsth用某物裝飾……；①Inthewesterncountries,peopleliketodecoratetheirhouses___holly___Christmas.A.with;inB.with;onC.with;atD.about;at②Allthestreetswere___withflagstowelcometheChinesedelegation.A.furnishedB.decoratedC.suppliedD.providedCBdecrease

decreasen.減少,減少之量;v.減少;短語(yǔ)：beonthedecrease在減少；decreaseto50減少到五十；decreaseby減少了；比較：decrease“縮短、減少、減小”，指速度、體積的減小和數(shù)量、價(jià)值等的減少；reduce“減少、降低”，指物體在大小、外觀上的減少和價(jià)格的降低。配套練習(xí)：①Thereisnodenyingthefactthatasonegrowsolderone’smemory___.A.refusesB.declinesC.decreasesD.falls②Givingupsmoking___theriskofheartdisease,soyou’dbetterfollowthedoctor’sadviceand___smokingassoonaspossible.A.increases;kickB.reduces;giveupC.reduces;getridofD.decrease;giveinBCdefend

defend保衛(wèi)。短語(yǔ)：defendsomebodyfrom/againstharm保護(hù)某人使其不受傷害；defendsomebody為某人辯護(hù)；defendoneself自衛(wèi)；比較：defend防御、保衛(wèi)，指抵御或擊退外來(lái)的威脅、攻擊。如：Wtect保護(hù)、防止(危險(xiǎn)、損害等)，指采取保護(hù)措施，使之不受傷害或損傷，可用于防御風(fēng)雨、寒冷烈日、疾病或保護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、權(quán)益等。如：Wemustprotectthelivesandpropertyofthepeople.guard指小心看守以保安全。如：Wemusttakemeasurestoguardthecropsagainstfrostandsnow.①ThePLAmenwere___thecityagainsttheattacksfromtheair.A.defendingB.guardingC.preventingD.protecting②Wemustalwaysbealreadyto___ourcountry___aggression(侵略).A.protect;fromB.guard;againstC.defend;againstD.prevent;fromACdelay

delay推遲、耽擱。短語(yǔ)和句型：nodelay刻不容緩；withoutdelay立刻；1)、Thebadweatherdelayedtheplane壞天氣耽擱了飛機(jī)起飛；2)、delay(in)doingsomething遲遲末做某事(也可接不定式)；比較：delay常表示由于外界原因而推延，也表示有意推延。如：Thetrainwasdelayedthreehoursbecauseoftheheavysnow.putoff指有安排的推延，常說(shuō)明推延到什么時(shí)候。如：Themeetingwasputoff.配套練習(xí)：①Thegovernmentisaccusedofusing___tactics(戰(zhàn)術(shù)).A.delayB.delayingC.delayedD.beingdelayed②Excusemeformy___yourletter.A.delayansweringB.delayingtoanswerC.delayinansweringD.delayinginansweringBCdemand

demand要求、需要。短語(yǔ)和句型：Theproblemdemandslookinginto問(wèn)題需要調(diào)查；demandananswerof/fromsomebody要某人答復(fù)；makestrictdemandsononeself嚴(yán)格要求自己；beingreatdemand需要量很大；meetthedemandofthepeople滿足人民的需要；ondemand一經(jīng)請(qǐng)求；Thereisagreatdemandforsomething某物需要量很大；1)、demandskillandcare需要技術(shù)和細(xì)心；2)、demandtodosomething要求做某事；3)、demandofsomebodytodosomething/that從句(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)，要求某人做某事；用法：demand后不能跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：demandhimtocome要改為that從句。demandansweringimmediately要改為：demandanimmediateanswer；比較：demand常用來(lái)指一個(gè)有權(quán)要求別人做某事的人，堅(jiān)持要對(duì)方服從，不希望對(duì)方有相反的意見(jiàn)，口氣較強(qiáng)硬。如：Hedemandedimmediatepayment/tobepaidimmediately.request指比較正式但仍有禮貌地提出要求，語(yǔ)氣比demand弱得多。如：Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.require和demand一樣表示權(quán)威和堅(jiān)持，不同之處在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)需要，表示因需要而要求，是期待服從的要求。如：Theworkrequirespatience.want要、想要，表示主觀上的需要。如：Iwantabottleofmilk.wouldlike/shouldlike想要，語(yǔ)氣委婉的說(shuō)法。如：Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?need需要，表示客觀上的需要。如：Thehouseneedspainting.ask通常表示在感到其要求可能得到滿足的情況下提出要求。如：Sheaskedhermothertotellherastory.beg表示一再懇切地提出要求。如：Theblackbeggedthewhitedoctorstohavepityonhischild.①Atthe___ofhisfollowers,heagreedtoremaininoffice.A.suggestionB.requestC.requirementD.demand②IdemandthatJohn___thereatonce.A.goesB.wentC.goD.togo③I___youalltobeseated.A.askB.begC.demandD.requestBCDdeny

deny否定、否認(rèn)、拒絕。用法：deny后接名詞、從句、動(dòng)名詞，不接不定式。如：denybreakingthewindow否認(rèn)打破了窗戶①Hedenied___mehe___me!A.telling;toldB.telling;hadtoldC.totell;toldD.totell;hadtold②He___hiscountryandhisprinciples!A.hasdenyedB.wasdeniedC.hasdeniedD.wasdenyedBCdepend

depend依靠。短語(yǔ)：dependonsomebodytodosomething指望某人做某事；dependonhertobelate/dependonherarrivingontime別指望她不遲到；dependuponit毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)、沒(méi)錯(cuò)；Heisthemantobedependedupon他這人靠得??；It(all)depends…靠……決定(on可省)；用法：(1)、dependon后可接連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，不能用if，而要用whether引導(dǎo)。意為“依……而定”。如：Thisdependsonwhetherthemedicineiseffective.(2)、dependon/upon和relyon/upon不直接接從句，若要接從句這個(gè)從句要放在it之后。如:Idependuponitthathewillwanttocome.①Idon’tthinkheistherightperson___.A.todependonB.thatIcandependC.IcandependonD.tobedepended②Youmaydepend___itwon’thappenagain.A.thatB.onthatC.onitD.onitthat③Wouldyoucomeoverforsupperthisevening?I’dliketo,but___.A.I’llneverknowB.italldependsC.thatdependsonD.mymotherwon’tpromisemeto④I’mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit___theweather.A.linkswithB.dependsonC.connectstoD.decideson⑤IpromiseIwillgoshoppingwithyoutomorrow.Youcan___.A.dependB.believeC.dependonmeD.bedependedCCDBBdescribe

describe描寫(xiě)、描述。短語(yǔ)：describeoneselfasadoctor自稱為醫(yī)生；describesomethingtosomebody向某人描述某事；①Noonecan___himself___genius.A.describe;asB.describe;asaC.describe;withD.describe;witha②Howdoyoufindthefilm?It’sgreatbeyond___.A.describeB.descriptionC.reachD.descriptiveBBdesign

design計(jì)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、繪制。短語(yǔ)：designdoingsomething/todosomething打算做某事；makedesignsforsomething/designsomething設(shè)計(jì)某物；carryoutadesign實(shí)行一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃；bydesign故意地、蓄意地；designer設(shè)計(jì)者、制圖者；①Doyouknowwhomthebridgewas___.A.designedB.designedbyC.designingD.designingby②Whetherbyaccidentor___,hearrivedtoolatetohelpus.A.purposeB.aimC.designD.chanceBCdesire

desire:愿望、心愿、希望、欲望、請(qǐng)求。短語(yǔ)和句型：haveadesiretodosomething渴望做某事；atone’sdesire按某人的要求；adesireforsomething某事的愿望；1)、desiretodosomething想做某事；2)、desiresomebodytodosomething要求某人做某事；3)、desirehappinessandhealth渴望得到幸福和健康；4)、Hedesiresthathisjobbechanged他很想調(diào)換工作；5)、Itisdesiredthatthisruleshallbebroughttotheattention.6)、Hespokeabouthiscountry’sdesirethatfriendlyrelationshouldbeestablished.用法：desire=wantverymuch非常想；=wishearnestlyfor急切希望；=requestformally正式要求。比較：desire表示主觀上為享受或滿足而想得到某物或想達(dá)到某一目的的強(qiáng)烈愿望，顯示出熱忱和積極，同時(shí)還兼有需要努力爭(zhēng)取才能得到或達(dá)到的意味，修飾上莊嚴(yán)或正式。如：Wealwaysdesiretoliveinpeacewithourneighbours.expect表示認(rèn)為客觀上有一定根據(jù)、肯定性，已達(dá)到做好準(zhǔn)備的程度，預(yù)料、預(yù)計(jì)或希望某事可能發(fā)生或到來(lái)，相信某種行為或感情即將發(fā)生或到來(lái)。如：TheyexpectedtofinishtheworkbyFriday.hope表示主觀上深信，對(duì)可實(shí)現(xiàn)性抱有一定信心，著重期待，有時(shí)表示肯定某人所期待或盼望的事必將發(fā)生。如：Ihopetomeetyousoon.long表示一心一意想得到某物，詞義強(qiáng)烈，表示對(duì)目前不存在的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)但將來(lái)有可能的愿望念念不忘，常常含有持續(xù)的急切的意味，常與for連用。如：Peoplelongforpeace.want表示因缺乏而需要，側(cè)重可獲得。如：Thehousewantsrepairing.wish1)、希望、想要，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的主觀愿望，其愿望的實(shí)現(xiàn)性較大，后接不定式或帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。2)、但愿，表示向往得到的事物或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，后接從句，動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Wewish(that)hecouldcome.lookforwardto盼望、期待，表示以焦急的、愉快的、滿足的心情期待某一事件或某一事態(tài)的發(fā)展及其熱切要求或向往的事物。如：Thechildrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays.①Wedesirethatimmediatehelp___tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.A.begivenB.willbegivenC.shouldgiveD.isgiven②Tom’sbrotheristooselfishaman,whomwecan’t___tolendusahand.A.desireB.makeC.hopeD.suggest③Theteacherdesiredthatthestudents___theirexercisesbeforeschoolwasover.A.shouldhandB.handedinC.shouldhandinD.shouldbehandedin④Alltheparents___moreeducationfortheirchildren.A.hopeB.desireC.wishD.give⑤Theyoungmanworksveryhardfroma(n)___tobecomerich.A.needB.requestC.ideaD.desire⑥I___youapleasantjourney.A.desireB.expectC.hopeD.wish⑦HowI___agoldwatch!A.wishforB.longingforC.hopeforD.wishingforAACCBDDdespite

despite不管、盡管、任憑。短語(yǔ)：(in)despite(of)=inspiteof不管、盡管、任憑；用法：inspiteof盡管、雖然，后可跟名詞、代詞或名詞性詞組，作讓步狀語(yǔ)，?？膳c(in)despiteof互換，前者語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，后者較正式。如：IwillgotoShanghai,despite/inspiteofyourobjections.Heremainedmodest___hisgreatachievement.A.despiteofB.despiteC.inspiteD.inthespiteofBdestroy

destroy破壞、毀壞、分裂。反義詞organize短語(yǔ)：destroytheoldworldandbuildthenewone破壞舊世界建設(shè)新世界；比較：damage指?jìng)θ嘶蛭?，使其失去價(jià)值、用途或外表，含有對(duì)價(jià)值或效果造成的損失。如：Thecropswerebadlydamagedbythefloods.harm指物質(zhì)、精神或肉體上的損害，強(qiáng)調(diào)痛苦和損失的影響。如：Theworkershavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthemachines.injure無(wú)論是肉體、心靈上，還是價(jià)值、名譽(yù)的損失都可用。如：Heinjuredanarminacaraccident.destroy徹底毀壞，不能修復(fù)使用，有毀滅的意思。ruin破壞、毀壞，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。①Anearthquakestruckthisarea,___alotofdamage.A.makingB.causingC.doneD.caused②Hisselfishnessandgreedinessatlastbroughthimto___.A.ruinsB.ruinC.damageD.damages③Hishousewasslightly___inthisflood.A.ruinedB.destroyedC.damagedD.broken④Thehousewhich___inthefirelastyear___.A.destroyed;wasbelongedtomeB.destroyed;belongtoIC.wasdestroyed;belongedtomineD.wasdestroyed;belongedtome⑤Hiscamerawas___byhisson.Hehadtohaveitrepairedatonce.A.hurtB.woundC.destroyedD.damaged⑥Hisbikewassobadly___thatitcouldn’tberepairedatall.A.destroyedB.ruinedC.damagedD.damagingBBCCDDdetail

detail詳細(xì)短語(yǔ)：indetail詳細(xì)地；detailsomethingtosomebody詳細(xì)地把某事告訴某人；gointodetail/details敘述詳情；配套練習(xí)：用detail的適當(dāng)短語(yǔ)填空：①Editingrequiresgreat_____________.②Studythecontract____________beforesigning.③For______________,contactthepersonneldepartment.attentiontodetailindetailfurtherdetailsdetermine

determine決定、決心。短語(yǔ)和句型：1)、determineonanearlystart決定早出發(fā)；2)、determine/bedetermined/decide/makeupone’smindtodosomething決定做某事；3)、determinewheretogo決定去哪兒；4)、Wehavedeterminedthatoursonhaveagoodeducation.5)、Hisadvicedeterminedmetodrinkandsmokenomore.6)、Hehadbeendeterminedthatnooneshouldknow.用法：(1)、determine接不定式、從句及介詞on,upon引起的短語(yǔ)。如：Hedeterminedtogo/thathewouldgo/ongoing.(2)、determine接從句，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，should表示強(qiáng)迫、必須、主觀意愿等。如：Hedeterminedthatweshouldstay.(3)、determine作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨情況，要用過(guò)去分詞。如：Ilefttheplace,determinednevertocomebackagain.(4)、作定語(yǔ)用determined。如：Sheisaverydeterminedwoman.(5)、determine是短暫動(dòng)詞，不能與表示時(shí)段的狀語(yǔ)連用，bedetermined則可。如：Shedetermined(wasdetermined)todoitforalongtime.determination決心。短語(yǔ)：havethedeterminationtodosomething/ofdoingsomething有做某事的決心；cometoadetermination(todosomething)下定決心；用法：one’s/thedetermination后的定語(yǔ)可用不定式，也可用of加動(dòng)名詞；determination后可跟that從句(同位語(yǔ))，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。配套練習(xí)：①Thedoctor’slecture___menottodrinkandsmokeanymore.A.decidedB.determinedC.madeD.attracted②Ilefttheplace,___nevertogobackagain.A.determiningB.beingdeterminedC.wasdeterminedD.determinedBDdevelop

develop發(fā)展、開(kāi)發(fā)、沖洗(照片)。短語(yǔ)：adeveloped/developingcountry一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)(發(fā)展中)國(guó)家；developintoadoctor成為一個(gè)醫(yī)生；developaninterestin對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣；developacough患咳嗽；developthehabitof養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣；withthedevelopmentof隨著……的發(fā)展；①China,___,shouldspeedupitsdevelopmentofeconomy.A.isadevelopingcountryB.asadevelopedcountryC.whichisadevelopingcountryD.belongingtoadevelopingcountry②___intoagreatport,Dalianplaysanimportantpartinthe___oftheprovince.A.Developed;developingB.Developing;developedC.Hasdevelopment;developD.Havingdeveloped;development③Chinaisa___countryanditmusttakein___technologyfrom___countriessuchasJapanandtheUSA.A.developing;advancing;developingB.developing;advanced;developedC.developed;advanced;developedD.developed;advancing;developing④They’retryingto___anewwayoffarming,withthepurposeofincreasingtheproductionofcrops.A.formB.developC.makeD.perform⑤Theless___countriesshouldbeequaltothe___onesininternationalaffairs.A.developing;developedB.developed;developedC.developed;developingD.developing;developing⑥Attentionmustbepaidto___scienceandtechnology.A.developB.developingC.developmentD.developedCDBBBBdevote

devote把……奉獻(xiàn)、把……專用。短語(yǔ)：devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于、致力于；devoteattentionto專心于；bedevotedto貢獻(xiàn)給、專心從事；devoteourlivestothecauseofteaching一輩子獻(xiàn)身于教育事業(yè)；devoteeveryefforttofinishingthetaskontime全力以赴按時(shí)完成任務(wù)；用法：devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,listento,stickto,objectto中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)。①Stevehasdevotedallhislifeto___films,andKate,hiswife,isalso___tothedutyofherprofession.A.make;devotedB.making;devotingC.making;devotedD.make;devoting②Theretiredteacherwashighlyrespectedforhisdevotionto___Englishfor30years.A.teachB.havetaughtC.teachingD.havingtaught③Thereneverwasastudentmore___totheworkoftheStudents’UnionthanJoan.A.devotedB.devotingC.wasdevotedD.bedevotedCDAdie

die死、枯萎。短語(yǔ)：dieinpoverty死于貧窮；bedyingfor極想得到；bedyingtohaveadrink極想喝水、口渴得要命；diedown(爐火)漸熄、(騷動(dòng)等)漸平息、(鬧聲)漸消失；dieaway漸弱；dieoff相繼死去；dieout消失、滅亡；dieofhunger(cold,poison,illness,oldage,joy,grief,shame,adisease,thirst,sorrow,disappointment,love,afever,heat,boredom無(wú)聊)死于饑餓；diefromawound(lackoffood,anaccident,overwork,carelessness,drinking,anearthquake,brokenheart,snakebite,lossofblood,someunknowncause)死于受傷；用法：die是短暫動(dòng)詞，不能與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。它一般只指由于生病、負(fù)傷等原因造成的死亡，若指突然地橫死需要強(qiáng)調(diào)外界因素時(shí)，則用tobekilled。(2)、dieof和diefrom后都可跟illness,cold,hunger,wound等。(3)、bedead后接介詞of,with表示死亡的原因。比較：diefrom死于明顯的客觀災(zāi)難、傷害、事故等。如：Hediedfromachestwound.dieof死于專門的疾病及激烈的內(nèi)在情緒。如：Incoldwintermanywildanimalsmaydieofhunger.dieby指死于暴力，刀或劍等兇器。如：Hediedbythesword/hanging.diefor表示為某種事業(yè)或目的而死。如：Hisbrotherdiedforhiscountry.diethrough表示因無(wú)人照顧和撫養(yǎng)而死的場(chǎng)合。如：diethroughneglect.diein表示在某種情況下致死的場(chǎng)合,如戰(zhàn)事。如：Thesoldierdiedinthelastbattle.表示處絞刑而死的場(chǎng)合用dieon.diewith表示死于某種精神因素。如：Shediedwithdeepsorrow.①Ittookalongtimefortheexcitement___.A.tobedieddownB.dyingdownC.todiedownD.tobedeaddown②Withthedevelopmentofmodernsociety,sometraditionalcustomsaregradually___.A.dyingofB.dyingoutC.dyingdownD.dyingfrom③Wecan’tfigureoutwhyquiteanumberofinsects,birdsandanimals___.A.arediedoutB.hasdiedoffC.aredyingoutD.havedieddown④Hewas___inacaraccidentand___anoperationlater.A.wounded;diedfromB.injured;diedofC.hurt;diedofD.injured;diedfrom⑤The___soldiertoldushispastdaysbeforelonghe___.His___madeusverysad.A.dying;died;deathB.dying;death;diedC.dead;died;dyingD.died;dead;death⑥___thedeathofthelittleson,thenoblefamilyhad___.A.Upon;diedoutB.With;dieddownC.At;diedawayD.By;diedhard⑦Theplantinthisarea,whichdied___alongtimeago,istobe___fromotherplaces.A.off;grownB.out;takenC.away;shippedD.out;introducedCCBDDAA⑧Hewwas___inacaraccidentand___anoperationlater.A.wounded;diedfromB.injured;diedofC.hurt;diedofD.injured;diedfrom⑨The___soldiertoldushispastdaysbeforelonghe___.His___madeusverysad.A.dying;died;deathB.dying;death;diedC.dead;died;dyingD.died;dead;death⑩Ittookalongtimefortheexcitement___.A.tobedieddownB.dyingdownC.todiedownD.tobedeaddown⑾Withthedevelopmentofmodernsociety,sometraditionalcustomsaregradually___.A.dyingofB.dyingoutC.dyingdownD.dyingfrom⑿Wecan’tfigureoutwhyquiteanumberofinsects,birdsandanimals___.A.arediedoutB.hasdiedoffC.aredyingoutD.havedieddown⒀Nothingcouldbedonetosavethepatientandhe___fast.A.die