商務(wù)英語寫作Contract 1

ContractTitles合同、協(xié)議（Contract;Agreement）意向書（LetterofIntent）/“MemorandumofUnderstanding”(簡(jiǎn)稱MOU,通常翻譯為諒解備忘錄)/“MinuteofTalks”(即會(huì)談紀(jì)要)契約（Covenant主要指不動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓的合同或證明文件,Indenture通常也是指不動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓的契約文件,Deed一般指地契、房契,Compact多用于國(guó)家間的協(xié)定、協(xié)議，Protocol通常翻譯為草約或者議定書，往往也是雙方會(huì)談結(jié)果的文字依據(jù)）“Letter”（函）/“Waiver”（棄權(quán)書）/“Guaranty”（保證書）/“Power

of

Attorney”（委托書）等StructureSalesContracts買賣合同,ContractsforSupplyofPower,Water,GasorHeat供用電、水、氣、熱力合同,DonationContracts贈(zèng)與合同,LoanContracts借款合同,LeasingContracts租賃合同,FinancialLeasingContract融資租賃合同,Work-for-hireContracts承攬合同,ConstructionProjectContracts建設(shè)工程合同,CarriageContracts運(yùn)輸合同,TechnologyContracts技術(shù)合同,Safe-keepingContracts保管合同,WarehousingContracts倉儲(chǔ)合同,AgencyAppointmentContracts委托合同,CommissionAgencyContracts行紀(jì)合同,BrokerageContracts居間合同

AgreementsAgencyAgreement委托代理協(xié)議PartnershipAgreement合伙協(xié)議 SharesAssignmentAgreement股份轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議ConfidentialityAgreement保密協(xié)議Non-competeAgreement競(jìng)業(yè)禁止協(xié)議EmploymentAgreement聘用協(xié)議TextStructure標(biāo)題Title前言Preamble正文Habendum附錄Schedule證明部分即結(jié)尾詞Attestation英文合同和中文合同都一樣，標(biāo)題并不是一定要有的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)事人間的法律關(guān)系是用合同內(nèi)容的各個(gè)條款來判斷，標(biāo)題基本上不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何影響。但為方便辨識(shí)的考慮，合同撰寫人通常都會(huì)依照合同性質(zhì)，在合同首頁的最上方給予一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。英文合同在標(biāo)題之后，各式各樣的條款出現(xiàn)之前，通常會(huì)先有一段「前言」，也稱序言、導(dǎo)言、總則等,也見有稱為“Non-operativepart”者。前言一般不會(huì)占去太多的篇幅，目的在于很簡(jiǎn)略地介紹合同內(nèi)容之人、事、時(shí)、地、物等背景，讓閱讀合同的人在接觸冗長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜的正文前，先有一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)與心理準(zhǔn)備。

第一部份文字叫做

“Parties”

，也就是合同的「開場(chǎng)白」(Commencement)，內(nèi)容在說明當(dāng)事人姓名或名稱、國(guó)籍或注冊(cè)地國(guó)及住所地或主營(yíng)業(yè)地、訂約日期包括各自在合同中的簡(jiǎn)稱等等。第二部份叫做“Recitals”，是由數(shù)個(gè)以“Whereas”字樣開頭的句子所組合而成（這些句子俗稱為“Whereas

Clauses”

即鑒于條款）。

“Whereas”的本義是“When

in

fact”、“considering

that”、或“that

being

the

case”的意思，所以“Whereas

Clauses”就表示當(dāng)事人乃是在基于對(duì)這些事實(shí)（例如訂約的目的、背景、原由等）的共同認(rèn)識(shí)，訂立此合同。

正文(Hanbendum)部分,也稱Operativepart/clauses或Body,具體約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)。各式各樣的正文條款是合同中最核心的部份，也是篇幅最大的部份，與當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系發(fā)生最直接、最密切的牽連。

英文合同中的正文條款分為兩類：「特殊條款」與「一般條款」。所謂「特殊條款」指的是只有在某些特定性質(zhì)的合同中才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的條款，例如勞動(dòng)合同中通常會(huì)約定保密條款、競(jìng)業(yè)禁止條款，但是買賣同就不會(huì)有這些約定。反過來說，買賣合同中一般要記載交易標(biāo)的、交易條件等等條款，在勞動(dòng)合同中就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

相對(duì)于「特殊條款」的所謂「一般條款」，指的是不論合同性質(zhì)如何，幾乎所有的合同中都會(huì)記載的條款，例如管轄法院的約定、違約條款等等，附錄也稱Addendum,Annex或Exhibit，也有用Attachment,List或Table表示的。附錄部分作為對(duì)正文條款的補(bǔ)充，不是所有英文合同都有的一項(xiàng)。英文合同結(jié)構(gòu)中的最后一個(gè)部份就是結(jié)尾辭即證明部分與當(dāng)事人的簽名。所謂「結(jié)尾辭」指的是在當(dāng)事人簽名之前經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一段文字，相當(dāng)于中文合同中“雙方簽字蓋章，特此為證”。除了表明簽名人確實(shí)為正當(dāng)授權(quán)的代表外，還會(huì)具明簽名的日期。至于簽名檔的部份，如果當(dāng)事人是公司的話，除了代表人的簽名以外，還要加蓋公司印鑒，并且通常會(huì)注明代表人的職務(wù)(title)。IN

WITNESS

WHEREOF

這三個(gè)詞是英文合同結(jié)尾辭的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式，實(shí)體上講并沒有特別的功能或意義，與中文合同里最后通常會(huì)記載的「恐口說無憑，特立契為證」很類似，也有用INTESTIMONYWHEREOF替代，有時(shí)候也會(huì)用"INTENDING

TO

BE

LEGALLY

BOUND"代替，意思也是一樣的。UsualFunctionWordsHere/there/where+介詞構(gòu)成的古體詞Here=this，there=that，where=which/what即here/there/where+介詞=介詞+this/that/whichorwhatHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特此，由此，茲等意。例句：TheBuyerherebyordersfromtheSellertheundermentionedgoodssubjecttothefollowingconditions:買方向賣方訂購下列商品，條件如下：Herein：inthis。此中，于此。例句：TheminimumroyaltyhereinspecifiedshallbepaidbyPartyBtoPartyA.在此規(guī)定的最低特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)應(yīng)由乙方付給甲方。Hereinafter:laterinthesameContract.以下，在下文。通常與tobereferredtoas,referredas,called連用。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedon______,(date)____(year),byandbetween_____(hereinaftercalledPartyA)ontheonehandand_____(hereinaftercalledPartyB)ontheotherhand.本協(xié)議書于____年___月___日由_____（以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方）為一方，與_____(以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方)為另一方簽訂。Hereof：ofthis。關(guān)于此點(diǎn)，在本文件中。Hereunder：underthis.本文件規(guī)定。例句：Bothpartiesagreetoattempttoresolvealldisputesbetweenthepartieswithrespecttotheapplicationorinterpretationofanytermhereofoftransactionhereunder,throughamicablenegotiation.合同雙方就本合同規(guī)定交易任一條款的適用和解釋所產(chǎn)生的所有爭(zhēng)議同意力求通過友好協(xié)商予以解決。Hereto：tothis.本文件的。Thereof：ofthat.它的，其。Thereto：tothat與之，向那里。例句：“LicensedProducts”meansthedevicesandproductsdescribedinSchedule1annexedheretotogetherwithallimprovementandmodificationthereofordevelopmentwithrespectthereto.“特許產(chǎn)品”系指在本協(xié)議附件1中所述的裝置和產(chǎn)品，及其全部改進(jìn)和修改的產(chǎn)品和與之相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品。Herewith：withthis.與此，附此。Thereby：bythatmeans.因此，由此，從而例句：InanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisContractoranydocumentexecutedinconnectionherewithshallbeinvalidofunenforceableinanyrespectunderanyapplicablelaw,thevalidityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionscontainedhereinshallnotinanywaybeaffectedthereby.如果根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律，本合同及與此有關(guān)文件中有一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)條款被視為無效或不能履行，本合同其余條款的效力和履行將不因此受影響。Thereafter:afterthat，afterwards.此后。例句：TheContractforthecontractualjointventureshallcontinuefromaperiodoftwoyearsthereafter.本合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)合同，此后應(yīng)持續(xù)有效兩年。Therein:inthat;inthatparticularcontext;inthatrespect.在那里；在那點(diǎn)上；在那方面。例句：TheLeasedPremisesaredeemedtobefitforoccupationwhenthebuildingthereinissubstantiallycompleted.當(dāng)在那里的建筑物實(shí)質(zhì)完成時(shí)，該租賃房屋才認(rèn)為適合占有居住。Therewith：withthat.以此；此外。例句：TheEmployershallindemnifyandsaveharmlesstheContractoragainstandfromthesameandagainstandfromallclaims,proceedings,damages,costs,chargesandexpenseswhatsoeverarisingthereoutorinconnectiontherewith.業(yè)主應(yīng)賠償所有索賠、訴訟、損害賠償、支出、花費(fèi)、費(fèi)用，不論因本合同產(chǎn)生或與其相關(guān)，并保證承包人免于承擔(dān)上述責(zé)任。Whereby:bytheagreement;bythefollowingtermsandconditions,etc.憑此協(xié)議，憑此條款等。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedbyandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andBBCompany(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)wherebythePartiesheretoagreetoenterintothecompensationtradeunderthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本協(xié)議由AA公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方）和BB公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方）簽訂。雙方同意按下列條款進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。（本句中省略未譯）WITNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore,NOW

THESE

PRESENTS

WITNESS,KnowAllMenbythesepresents，InwitnessWhereof,InTestimonyWhereof,Undersigned.WITHNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore用于英文合同前言部分，InwitnessWhereof用于合同結(jié)尾證明部分。InTestimonyWhereof:inWitnessWhereof.以此為證，特立此證。例句：InTestimonyWhereofwehaveheretosignedthisDocumenton_____(date)acceptedon_____(date).我方于__年__月__日簽署本文件，并于__年__月__日接受該文件，特此為證。NOW

THESE

PRESENTS

WITNESS:茲特立約為據(jù),本句話也是用于WHEREAS條款之后引出具體協(xié)議事項(xiàng)。例句：NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:茲特立約為據(jù)，并由訂約雙方協(xié)議如下：KNOWALLMENbythesepresents:根據(jù)本文件，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部分）例句：KNOWALLMENbythesepresentsthatwe_____(bank’sname)havingourregisteredofficeat______(hereinaftercalled“theBank”)willbeboundunto_____(theOwner’sname)(hereinaftercalled“theOwner”)inthesumof____forpaymentwellandtrulytobemadetothesaidOwner,theBankwillbinditself,itssuccessorsandbetterassigneebythesepresents.根據(jù)本文件，茲宣布，我行，（銀行名稱），其注冊(cè)地點(diǎn)在（以下簡(jiǎn)稱本銀行）向（業(yè)主名稱）（以下簡(jiǎn)稱本業(yè)主）立約擔(dān)保支付（金額數(shù)）的保證金。本保證書對(duì)本銀行及其繼受人和受讓人均具有約束力。Undersigned:法律文件末尾的簽名者,前面加定冠詞the,是指文件簽署者的自稱。例句：TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactioninaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedasfollows:茲經(jīng)簽約的買賣雙方同意，按下列條款，達(dá)成這筆交易。ContentWords1Represent,warrant,undertake,guarantee在英文合同中這幾個(gè)詞都表示“保證”的含義。Represent往往和warrant連用，出現(xiàn)在合同的聲明保證部分.例如例如：BoththeSellerandthePurchaserwarrantandrepresentthatnobrokerwasinvolvedinnegotiatingthispurchaseandsale,andboththeSellerandthePurchaseragreetoindemnifyandholdeachotherharmlessagainstanyandallclaimsforbrokerage.買賣雙方保證并聲明沒有中介介入交易磋商，且保證賠償對(duì)方因中介引起的索賠并使其免受損害。例如：UnderFOBterms,theSellershallundertaketoloadthecontractedgoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbytheBuyeronanydatenotifiedbytheBuyer,withinthetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinClause8ofthisContract.根據(jù)離岸價(jià)格術(shù)語，賣方應(yīng)保證根據(jù)在本合同第八條規(guī)定的時(shí)限內(nèi)，按買方通知的日期，裝運(yùn)貨物至買方指定船只。例如：PartyBguaranteesthatthemachinesandequipmentareunused,sophisticatedandofbestquality,andthatthemachinesandequipmentarecapableofmanufacturingthesteelwirerope.乙方保證機(jī)器設(shè)備未經(jīng)使用，性能良好、品質(zhì)卓越而且該設(shè)備能生產(chǎn)出鋼絲繩2Principalplaceofbusiness(principaloffice),domicile,businesspremise,registeredoffice在英文合同中，這幾個(gè)詞的意思分別是：“主營(yíng)業(yè)地”、“住所地”、“營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所”、“注冊(cè)地”。往往出現(xiàn)在前言的“parties”部分。例如：ThisContractmadeonApril1,19--,at______,China,betweenABCCo.withitsprincipalofficeat______,China(hereinaftercalledPartyA),andXYZCo.withitsprincipalofficeat______,USA(hereinaftercalledPartyB).本合同于19**年4月1日于中國(guó)***簽訂，合同雙方為ABC公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方），其主營(yíng)業(yè)地位于中國(guó)***，和XYZ公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方），其主營(yíng)業(yè)地為美國(guó)***。例如：Iffranchiseeisdeclaredindefaultoftheagreement,thefranchiserhastherighttoconcludethetermsoftheagreementandalsohastheright,withoutnoticetoexecuteanydutifulandauthorizedacts,onthebusinesspremisenecessary.如被特許方承認(rèn)違約，許可方則有權(quán)終止該協(xié)議且有權(quán)未經(jīng)通知在必要的營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所采取任何盡責(zé)和授權(quán)行為。例如：EMPLOYMENTAGREEMENTismadeandenteredintoon________dayof_________(month),____(year),byandbetween:_______(hereinafterreferredtoasthe"Company"),acorporationorganizedandexistingunderthelawsoftheStateof____,withitsregisteredofficelocatedat________________,and______(hereinafterreferredtoasthe"Employee"),anindividual,withnationalityof_________(PassportNo._____)residingat________________.本聘用協(xié)議訂立于*年*月*日，協(xié)議雙方為***（以下本公司），其按*州法律組織設(shè)立，注冊(cè)地為***，和***，自然人，國(guó)籍為*國(guó)，護(hù)照號(hào)碼為***，住址為***。例如：

The

Arbitration

shall

be

conducted

in

the

country

of

the

domicile

of

the

defendant.

本仲裁應(yīng)在被申請(qǐng)人住所地的國(guó)家進(jìn)行。Chapter,article,section,clause,paragraph,subparagraph英文合同中的“章”、“條”、“款”、“項(xiàng)”分別用chapter,article/section/clause,paragraph,subparagraph表示。例如：TheBorrowerfurtherirrevocablyconsentstoserviceofprocessuponitoutofsaidcourtsinanysuchactionorproceedingbymailingcopiesthereofbyUnitedStatedregisteredairmail,postageprepaid,totheBorrowerattheaddressspecifiedinSection10.5hereof.借款人進(jìn)一步不可撤消同意上述法院就該事宜訴訟或程序的送達(dá)，接受按照本合同第十條第五款指定的借款人地址寄來的美國(guó)航空掛號(hào)信，郵資已付郵件中的副本。4Havetherighttodo,beentitledto,maydo,reservetherighttodo,be(duly)authorizedtodo,havetheauthoritytodo,dosthatone’soptionor/anddiscretion,belibertytodo這一組短語是都表示“有權(quán)做”。Beentitledto表示togivesb.therighttosth.(tosth.)體現(xiàn)該權(quán)利法律上的強(qiáng)制性。Reservetherighttodo表示tohaveaspecifiedpowerofrightinlaw體現(xiàn)法律上規(guī)定的權(quán)利。而beauthorizedtodo,havetheauthoritytodo指經(jīng)授權(quán)而有的權(quán)利，至于dosth.atone’soptionor/anddiscretion則指行為人自主決定的權(quán)利。例如：TheBuyershallneverthelesshavetherighttocancelinpartorinwholeofthecontractwithoutprejudicetotheBuyer'srighttoclaimcompensations.盡管如此，買方有權(quán)撤消合同的全部或部分，概不妨礙買方索賠權(quán)之行使。例如：IncircumstanceprovidedaboveinClause14.1CorNewCompanyshall,atitssoleoptionanddiscretion,beentitledtotransfertoBallorpartofCorNewCompany'sproprietaryrightsandownershipoftheinfrastructureproject,underconstructionorafterCompletionDate,asliquidateddamages,inlieuofcomputingandcompensatingtheactualdamagesprovidedthatsuchtransfershallbeconductedofC'sownfreewillorrenderedinthearbitrationawardasstipulatedinclause23.在上述第十四條第一款規(guī)定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行選擇決斷有權(quán)向乙方轉(zhuǎn)讓丙方或新公司的所有權(quán)及在建或竣工后基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的所有權(quán)的全部或部分作為約定的固定數(shù)額的違約金來替代計(jì)算賠償實(shí)際損害，但該轉(zhuǎn)讓應(yīng)為丙方自己自愿實(shí)施的行為或根據(jù)二十三條的規(guī)定基于仲裁裁決的處分。又如：TheBuyershallestablishthecoveringletterofcreditbeforethedatespecifiedinClauseThreeofthisSalesConfirmation,failingwhichtheSellerreservestherighttorescindwithoutfurthernotice,ortoacceptwholeoranypartofthisSalesConfirmationnotfulfilledbytheBuyer,ortolodgeaclaimforlossessustained,ifany.買方須于銷售確認(rèn)書第三條所規(guī)定的日期之前開出本批交易的信用證。否則，售方有權(quán)不經(jīng)通知取消本確認(rèn)書，或接受買方對(duì)本銷售確認(rèn)書未履行的全部或一部分，或?qū)σ虼嗽馐艿膿p失提出索賠。再如：ThesupervisionpersonnelappointedbyPartyAanditsrepresentativeshallhavetheauthoritytosupervisetheprogressofworkandgiveinstruction.甲方任命的監(jiān)管人員及其代表應(yīng)有權(quán)監(jiān)督工程進(jìn)度并發(fā)出指令。5Perform,fulfill,execute/implement英文合同表示合同履行時(shí)經(jīng)常用到這幾個(gè)詞，perform=todowhatonepartyisobligedtodobyacontract泛指雙方履行合同的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任和義務(wù)，而fulfill=todoeverythingwhichispromisedinacontract強(qiáng)調(diào)合同一方具體履行合同的義務(wù)。Execute/implement表示則強(qiáng)調(diào)具體實(shí)施，execute也有簽約、生效的用法。例如：Withrespecttotheoutstanding180M/Toflow-densitypolyethyleneNY2-11underContractNo.79hp-106,weinsistthatyoumustopenthecoveringletterofcreditthesoonestpossibletosecuretheperformanceofthecontract.WeherebywouldliketocallyourattentiontothefactthattheAdviserInc.,whopurchasedLDPENY2-11fromusatthesametimeasyoudidhavefulfilledtheircommitmentunderthepreviousContractnotlongafterweofferedourregulatedpriceandsignedanewcontractcoveringsubstantialquality.有關(guān)第79hp-106號(hào)合同項(xiàng)下180公噸的低密度聚乙烯（NY2-11）未付款項(xiàng)，我方堅(jiān)持要求貴方盡快開立信用證以保證合同的履行。我方在此提請(qǐng)貴方注意該事實(shí)，同時(shí)從我公司購買低密度聚乙烯（NY2-11）的Adviser公司已經(jīng)按先前的合同履行完義務(wù)，不久后，我方就提供了調(diào)整的價(jià)格并簽訂了一份產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的新合同。例如：EachofthepartiestothisAgreementshalluseitsreasonablebesteffortstoeffectthetransactionscontemplatedherebyandtofulfillandcausetobefulfilledtheconditionstoClosingunderthisAgreementincluding,withoutlimitation,ParentusingreasonablebesteffortstoobtaintheParentStockholderApprovalatthemeetingofParent'sstockholdersscheduledtobeheldonJune25,1999oratanyadjournmentorpostponementthereof(the"June25Meeting").Eachpartyhereto,atthereasonablerequestofanotherpartyhereto,shallexecuteanddeliversuchotherinstrumentsanddoandperformsuchotheractsandthingsasmaybenecessaryordesirableforeffectingcompletelytheconsummationofthisAgreementandthetransactionscontemplatedhereby.合同任一方應(yīng)竭盡全力來完成在此預(yù)期的交易并按本協(xié)議履行或促使交易的成交條件的履行。包括但不限于母公司盡力按日程在1999年6月25日召開的母公司股東會(huì)或該日期延后或休會(huì)期間通過母公司股東批準(zhǔn)。本合同一方應(yīng)在他方合理的要求下，應(yīng)簽署并交付其他文件并切實(shí)履行本協(xié)議和預(yù)期交易完全成就所必需或需要的行為和事宜。例如：Alldisputesarisinginconnectionwiththiscontractorintheexecutionthereof,shouldbesettledamicablythroughnegotiations.所有與合同或合同履行有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議，應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決。例如：AllexpensesofkeepingthebooksandrecordsoftheCompanyandthepreparationoffinancialstatementsrequiredtoimplementtheprovisionsofthisAgreementorotherwiseneededfortheconductoftheCompany'sbusinessshallbebornebytheCompany.所有履行本協(xié)議規(guī)定所要求的或其他本公司經(jīng)營(yíng)所需要的保存本公司賬冊(cè)記錄和準(zhǔn)備財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的費(fèi)用由本公司承擔(dān)。6Abideby,observe,obey,complywith這幾個(gè)詞在英文合同中都表示“遵守，服從，”的意思。Complywith的主語通常是Sth.而observe和abideby則的主語通常是Sb.例如：ThedeliveredequipmentshallbeinstalledandtestedbyPartyBandshallfullycomplywiththetechnicalrequirementsandprocessingqualityofthecontract.所交付的設(shè)備應(yīng)由乙方安裝調(diào)試，應(yīng)完全符合本合同的技術(shù)要求和工藝質(zhì)量。例如：TheContractorshallobserveandabidebyallapplicablelaws,rulesandregulationsinconnectionwiththeWork.承包人必須遵守和服從與該工程有關(guān)的一切適用法律規(guī)章和條例7havethelegalobligationtodo,beobliged/obligatedto,shalldo,beundertheobligationtodo,beliable/responsibletodo,beliable/responsiblefor,在英文合同中這一組短語都表達(dá)“有責(zé)任、有義務(wù)”。例1：TheCompanyhasnolegalobligation,absoluteorcontingent,toanyotherPersontosellanymaterialportionoftheassetsoftheCompany,tosellanymaterialportionofthecapitalstockorotherownershipinterestsoftheCompanyoranyofitsSubsidiaries,ortoeffectanymerger,consolidationorotherreorganizationoftheCompanyoranyofitsSubsidiariesortoenterintoanyagreementwithrespectthereto.本公司沒有完全或隨附的任何法律義務(wù)向任何他人出售公司資產(chǎn)的任何重要部分，出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有權(quán)權(quán)益，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)本公司或任一子公司的并購、合并或其他的重組或簽訂有關(guān)以上事項(xiàng)的協(xié)議。

例2：RCIIisnotunderanylegalobligation,whetherwrittenororal,todoanyoftheforegoing.RCII公司沒有任何書面或口頭上的法律義務(wù)來做以上的任何一項(xiàng)。例3：Inthecaseofdangerousand/orpoisonouscargo(es),theSellerisobliged/obligatedtotakecaretoensurethatthenatureandthegenerallyadoptedsymbolshallbemarkedconspicuouslyoneachpackage.在危險(xiǎn)或有毒貨物的情況下，賣方有義務(wù)照管確保其屬性安全且應(yīng)在每一包裝上標(biāo)注通常采用的標(biāo)識(shí)。WithinthetimeasnotifiedbytheBuyer,afteritsarrivalattheportofshipmenttheSellershallbefullyliabletotheBuyerandresponsibleforalllossesandexpensessuchasdeadfreight,demurrage.在買方通知的時(shí)限內(nèi)，抵達(dá)裝運(yùn)港后，賣方應(yīng)對(duì)買方承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任并對(duì)諸如空倉費(fèi)、延滯費(fèi)等所有損失和費(fèi)用負(fù)責(zé)。TheSellershallnotbeheldliableforfailureordelayindeliveryoftheentirelotoraportionofthegoodsunderthisSalesContractinconsequenceofanyForceMajeureincidents.賣方對(duì)因任何不可抗力事件導(dǎo)致本買賣合同項(xiàng)下整批或部分貨物未能交付或延誤概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。8effect在基礎(chǔ)英語中，effect一般作名詞，指效果、影響，英文合同中如：comeintoeffect表示生效，sth.ineffect表示生效的法律文件。除了這些基本用法外，effect還常用作動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”、“完成”的意思This

contract

shall

come

into

effect

on

the

date

when

it

is

signed

by

both

parties.本合同從雙方簽字之日起生效。TheBuyershallacceptthebillofexchangeimmediatelyuponthefirstpresentationofthebillofexchangeandtherequireddocumentsandshalleffectthepaymentonthematuritydateofthebillofexchange.匯票一經(jīng)承兌交單，買方應(yīng)在匯票到期時(shí)完成支付。此外，當(dāng)表達(dá)實(shí)