大學(xué)英語語法之限定詞,6.2

在名詞詞組中心詞之前如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生限定詞的先后順序問題。6.2限定詞與限定詞的搭配關(guān)系前位，中位，后位限定詞前位限定詞（Predeterminer)：all,both,half,double,twice;one-third,two-thirds；what，such（a/an）等。從這些前位限定詞，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它們包括了：序數(shù)詞:One-third,two-fifths倍數(shù)

:Half,double.twice,threetimes不定限定詞:All,both,half以及What,such(a/an)page(65)有的學(xué)者把出現(xiàn)在不定冠詞之前的quite和rather也歸入前位限定詞，但在此書中仍將此種quite和rather做副詞，修飾整個(gè)名詞詞組。P65包含下列詞:定冠詞：a(an),the,zero；指示詞:this/that/these/those;形容詞性物主代詞，名詞所有格:my,your,his,her;John's；不定限定詞（量詞）：some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much等疑問限定詞：即wh-words：what（ever）,which（ever）,whose等。中位限定詞（Centraldeterminers）后位限定詞（postDeterminer）包括以下單詞：基數(shù)詞：one,two,three序數(shù)詞：first,second,third量詞：many,much,(a)few,(a)little,fewer,(the)fewest,less,(the)least,more,most,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreatnumberof,agreat/goodday,agreatquantityof,ect。

不定限定詞：other,another，next,last個(gè)別跨類現(xiàn)象Such既屬于前位限定詞，又可歸入后位限定詞。只在sucha…和suchan…這樣的搭配中屬于前者，而與其他限定詞：Some,any,no,all,few，another,other,many,one,two等搭配時(shí)為后者，如：somesuch，anysuch,nosuch,fewsuch,onesuch等。1.I'veneverseensuchacrowd!/Suchabeautifulgirl.2.As

the

old

saying

goes,

there

is

no

such

thing

as

a

free

lunch.3.You

have

failed

to

offer

any

such

story.4.Yet,

in

china,

"we

have

few

such

studies",

said

shi

yuankai.(但在中國，“目前我們還很少進(jìn)行這樣的研究”，石遠(yuǎn)凱說。)作為中位限定詞every也有例外的情況：它有時(shí)可與名詞屬格或物主限定詞連用，位于其后：Every

man

has

his

humour.各有各的脾氣。Lawsuits

seemed

to

dog

his

every

move.訴訟看起來跟隨他的一舉一動(dòng)。But

his

every

word

will

still

be

awaited,

his

every

written

statement

demanded

by

newspapers.但是他說的每一句話仍被人們遵從，他的每一份書面文件仍會(huì)成為報(bào)紙頭條。2.三類限定詞的搭配關(guān)系搭配關(guān)系：前位——中位——后位，只含兩類詞時(shí)也適用。Allthefourteachers,allyourthreebooks,alltheselastfewdays,halfhislecture,thoselastfewmonths,suchamisfortune……Theteacheraskedhisstudentstowritetheiranswersoneveryotherline.Bothmybrothershavegraduatedfromuniversities.Theoldmenhadaverygoodtimeduringalltheselastfewdays.※前位限定詞之間，中位限定詞之間是互相排斥的。不能在一個(gè)中心詞前同時(shí)使用兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中、前位限定詞。比如：我的那本書：mythatbookThatbookofminehalfallthecake，someJohn’sfriends是錯(cuò)誤的限定詞不能用來修飾代詞，如不可以說boththey，mostthey，而應(yīng)用bothofthem,mostofthem的形式?！硎就愐饬x的不同位的限定詞不能同時(shí)修飾同一名詞.somemuchwater(wrong)注意~※后位限定詞可以重疊使用,即可同時(shí)出現(xiàn)但位置比較固定，（比如序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞；序數(shù)詞+數(shù)量詞）例如：Last

fewmonthsSeveral

hundredguestsHislast

twobookThefirst

twochaptersTwo

moresheets.Thenext

fewweeks.Many

morecopies.Afewmoresamples.Another

twentytons.在英語中，當(dāng)名詞有多個(gè)形容詞修飾時(shí)，就有它們的先后順序。下面的口訣可幫你記住這一先后順序，也是解題的關(guān)鍵。

限定描繪大長高，

形狀年齡和新老；

顏色國籍跟材料，

作用類別往后靠；

其中，“限定”是限定詞的搭配?！懊枥L”性形容詞如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等?！按箝L高”表示大小、長短、高低等一些詞。表示“形狀”的詞如：roundsquare等?！皣敝敢粋€(gè)國家或地區(qū)的詞?！安牧稀钡脑~如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等?！白饔妙悇e”的詞如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等延伸：典型例題:

1）Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.

A.

littletwoother

B.twolittleother

C.

twootherlittle

D.

littleothertwo

答案：C。由“限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色)--性質(zhì)--名詞”的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序。

2)

Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestone

B.Chineseoldstone

C.oldstoneChinese

D.Chinesestoneold

答案A.幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。

3)HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?

Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends，andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

A.fewlastsunny

B.lastfewsunny

C.lastsunnyfew

D.fewsunnylast

答案：B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的方在后。1

．

（

2004

年重慶卷

33

題）

The

husband

gave

his

wife_______

every

month

in

order

to

please

her.

A.

all

half

his

income

B.

his

half

all

income

C.

half

his

all

income

D.

all

his

half

income

2

．（

2004

年浙江卷

24

題）

______

students

are

required

to

take

part

in

the

boat

race.

A.

Ten

strong

young

Chinese

B.

Ten

Chinese

strong

young

C.

Chinese

ten

young

strong