大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二冊unit4

UnitFourAmericanDreamBefore

reading

Global

reading

Detail

reading

AfterreadingTheAmericanDream

meansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Butformany,particularlyimmigrants,itmeanstheopportunitytomakeabetterlifeforthemselves.ForthemthedreamisthattalentandhardworkcantakeyoufromlogcabintoWhiteHouse.Tonydidnotrisequitesohigh,yethemanagedtomakehisowndreamcometrue.BeforereadingAmericanDreamImmigrantsTheGreatDepressionAmericanDreamClozeWhatistheessenceofAmericanDream?Itmeansthebeliefthateveryonecansucceedaslongashe/sheworkshardenough.Ofcourse,wemustrealizethatheresuccessisnarrowlydefinedasfinancialsuccess.Americansbelievethattheircountryoffersopportunitiesforagoodandsuccessfullife.Forminoritiesandimmigrants,thedreamalsoincludesfreedomandequalrightsImmigrantsApartfrom“NativeAmericans”---Indians---whowereLivinginNorthAmericawhenpeoplefirstarrivedthereFromEurope,allAmericanshaveancestorswhowereImmigrants.IntheUS.ThewordimmigrantisoftenUsedwithapositivemeaning.PeopleareproudtosaythattheirancestorswereimmigrantswhocamewithVerylittleandbuiltabetterlifeforthemselves.TheGreatDepressionTheGreatDepressionisconsideredthemostsevereeconomiccrisisintheindustrializedworld.ItbeganwhenAmericanstockmarketfellonFriday,Oct.24,1929,andcontinuedthefollowingTuesday,knownasBlackTuesday,withagreaterfall.TheDepressionstruckmanyothercountriesaswell,particularlyJapan,GermanyandBritain.Intheearly1930’s,millionsofpeoplelosttheirjob,andmillionsofbusinessesandbanksfailed.PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt’sNewDealpoliciesimprovedthesituation,buttheGreatDepressiondidnotcometoanenduntilWorldWarIIWhenindustrialproductionforthewarincreased.GlobalreadingTextorganizationSequenceofthetext？2.MaineventstimeTextOrganizationPartsParagraphsMainIdeasPartoneParas1-29WithdeterminationandwithhelpfromMr.Crawford,TonyachievedhisdreamofowninghisownfarmParttwoParas30-33Tony’scareersettheauthorthinkingaboutwhyandtowhatextenthehadbeensuccessful.Mainevents1.TonywordedasahelpatMr.Crawford’shouse.2.TonygotajobclearingsnowatMr.Crawford’sfactory.3.Tonylearnedtobecomeaskilledworker.4.TonyboughtahousewithMr.Crawford'shelp.5.TonyboughtafarmandsentforhisfamilyinItaly.DetailedreadingLanguagepoints:1turnaway----refusetohelp(sb.)ortoallow(sb.)toenteraplaceExamples:He'smyson,afterall,Ican'tjustturnhimawaywhenheisintrouble.Thelecturehallwasalreadyfullandmanyofthestudentswere

turnedaway.

演講大廳已經(jīng)坐滿，許多學(xué)生被拒之門外。Phrasesabout“turn”﹠turndown

①減弱，降低，壓低（力量、聲音等）Pleaseturnthetelevisiondownabit.請把電視機(jī)音量關(guān)小點(diǎn)。②拒絕，不接受＆turnin上交＆turnon打開（煤氣、自來水、電燈等）,襲擊；攻擊(=turnupon)（吸用麻醉品后）產(chǎn)生幻覺＆turnout①關(guān)閉（煤氣、自來水、電燈等）

②生產(chǎn)；出產(chǎn)Wearetoturnout100,000586computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.我們計(jì)劃明年生產(chǎn)十萬臺586計(jì)算機(jī)以滿足市場需要。

③（將柜櫥、抽屜里的東西）清出來④（常與to,that連用）結(jié)果Thingsturnedouttobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.事情正如教授所預(yù)見的那樣。＆turnover使打翻，移交；交給，考慮；思索，使（發(fā)動機(jī)）怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，，營業(yè)額達(dá)到；做（某一數(shù)額的）生意＆turnto

向…求助；求得安慰＆turnup

找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)，被找到，（將底邊折起）把（衣服）改短，出現(xiàn)；來臨；露面，把聲音開大；把力量加大發(fā)生（意想不到的事）workout

----plan;solve;calculate

制定出，解決，算出

Examples

＃"Howwillyoukeepintouchwithme?”

"Wehaven'tworkthatoutyet.”＃Mymotherallowedmetotakethetrip,butaskedmetoworkoutthetotalcostfirst.母親允許我去旅行，但讓我先把費(fèi)用算出來。

workat

從事于，致力于cleanup---makecleanandtidy徹底的清理

Examples:

＃I'llgoshoppingwithyouassoonasI'vecleanedupthekitchen.

＃Ihatecleaningupafteraparty.

dowith

①(usedinquestionswithwhat)dealwith

對待，處理Examples:Whatarewegoingtodowiththehugerocklyinginthemiddleoftheroad？

我們將怎樣處理路中央的大石頭?②（前面與could,can連用）需要

Icoulddowithacupoftea.

我來杯茶就行。③有關(guān)系havesth.todowith和…有關(guān)系havenothingtodowith和…沒有關(guān)系determination

--theabilitytocontinuetryingtoachievewhatyouhavedecidedtodoevenwhenthisisdifficult(uncountablenoun,oftenfollowedbyinfinitive“to”)決心，決定Examples:--Heshowedgreatdeterminationbycontinuingtoplayafterhurtinghisfoot.他堅(jiān)定決心，在腳受傷后繼續(xù)比賽

--Herdeterminationtodowellmadeherkeeponstudying.

1.

personnel1)thedepartmentinalargecompanyororganizationthatdealswithemployees,keepstheirrecords,andhelpswithanyproblemtheymighthave;humanresources(uncountablenoun,usedwithasingularorpluralverb)人事部門Examples:

Personnelhas/havereceivedyourapplicationform.

人事部已經(jīng)收到了你的申請表。

HerfirstjobaftergraduationwasinPersonnelatMicrosoft.

他畢業(yè)后的第一份工作是在微軟的人事部。

2)allthepersonsworkinginanorganization,inthearmy,etc.(usedwithapluralverb)全體人員，全體職員Examples:Allpersonnelinthiscompanyareentitledtomedicalinsurance.公司的全體職員都享受醫(yī)療保險。Amodernarmyneedshighlyskilledpersonnel.personal個人的，私人的，親自的，秘密的capacity①theabilitytounderstandordosth.(oftenfollowedby“for”orinfinitive“to”)Examples:

Idon'tthinkit'swithinafive-year-oldboy'scapacitytospreadcomputerviruses.我認(rèn)為一個五歲男孩沒有能力散播計(jì)算機(jī)病毒。

Noteveryonehasacapacityforlanguages.theabilitytounderstand②theabilitytoreceive,holdorabsorb

Thatbowlhasacapacityoftwoliang.那只碗的容量有二兩。

Thecottonmillisrunningatfullcapacity.全力進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)

Findtheproperdefinitionforeachofthewordability

capacity

capability

competence

talent

aptitude

proficiency暗指內(nèi)在的學(xué)習(xí)，理解和表演的能力

天生的才能尤指藝術(shù)方面指能做到令人滿意但并不出眾的能力

較多用于人，指勝任某項(xiàng)工作的能力，本領(lǐng)（復(fù)）潛在的能力理解力，容納力體力或腦力上做某事的能力正式用語，帶有技術(shù)性，指對業(yè)務(wù)的精通和熟練turndown：refuseExamples:Hewasofferedthejobbutheturneditdownbecauseitinvolvedtoomuchtraveling.他拒絕了別人提供的工作因?yàn)槁烦烫h(yuǎn)。

Look,Iamofferingyouafreemeal.Youaresurelynotgoingtoturnmedown?

skilledTheIT(informationtechnology)industrydemandsskilledlabor.

skilledwork熟練的，有技能的需要技能的Herformerhomeisforsaleat$495,000.forsale:availabletobebought待售的，出售的Examples:Reluctantlymyparentsputa"ForSale“

signonthehouse.父母不情愿的在房子上貼上了出售的標(biāo)志。collocationonsale上市，出售；減價，賤賣asaleoncredit賒購onsaleorreturn包退包換的，無法銷售可以退貨的callonvisitsb.forashorttime

summon,appealinvite,requireExamples:I’llcallonhimtomorrow.拜訪Theycallontheworkerstosupportthestrike.號召Hecalledonthechairmantospeak.邀請，要求collocationcallfor

要求，提倡

callat

打給某人，訪問callup

召集，動員

calloffcallin取消順路到某處，收回

loanv.lend(sth.)Examples:Hehadkindlyofferedtoloanmeallthebooksrequiredfortheexamination.Ourschoollibraryloansbooks,CDsandvideotapes.

n.

1)asumofmoneythatyouborrow

Examples:Iamtryingtogetaloanfromthebanktobuyahouse.2)theactoflending(usedinsingular,followedbyof)

Examples:Iaskedhimforaloanofhiscartohaveashorttripwithmyfamily.Heisinneedofaloanofthereferencebooksforafewdays.character：1）（事物的）特性，性質(zhì)，特征（的總和）2）（人的）品質(zhì)，性格3）字符4）人物Examples:Thechiefflawinhercharacterwasimpatience.她性格中的主要缺陷就是缺乏耐心。

Ifindallthecharactersinhisnewplayveryreal.人物aChinesecharacter一個漢字Thistownisn’tinteresting—let’sgosomewhereelsewithmorecharacter.特色cf.以下四個詞都是名詞，都有性格，品質(zhì)，特征的含義charactercharacteristicfeaturepersonality指成年人已經(jīng)充分發(fā)展的生活方式，而且往往與品格有關(guān)指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性但常指有代表性的一個側(cè)面，常用于科技領(lǐng)域通常指外貌的特征或特別的，附加的，有吸引力的東西偏重指一個人表現(xiàn)出來的無法明確闡述的整個情緒方面的特點(diǎn)，不與形容詞連用時表示情感上的吸引力FillintheblankwiththesefourwordsandtranslateintoChineseAnaquilinenosewasherbest________.鷹鉤鼻是她最明顯的特征Hecanreadaguy’s________atthefirstglance.他一眼就可以看出一個人的品質(zhì)他有性格但沒個性一份心理學(xué)報告列舉了研究對象所有可能有的特性Hehascharacterbutno________.Apsychologicalreportlistseverypossible____________ofthepersonbeingstudied.

featurecharacterpersonalitycharacteristicconfidence----thequalityofbeingcertainofyourabilitiesoroftrustingotherpeople,plans,orthefuture(followedbyinorinfinitiveto)Examples:Hewouldbeabetterspeakerifhehadmoreconfidence.Ihaveeveryconfidenceinyou.Youcanmakeagreatsuccess.我對你充滿信心，你會取得巨大成功。amaze---surprise(sb.)verymuch

Examples:Itamazedmethatyouwouldbelievethoselies.Itamazedmetodiscoverhowlongthedinosauragelasted.發(fā)現(xiàn)恐龍時代持續(xù)這麼長時間使我感到驚奇。diet:foodanddrinkusu.takenbyapersonorgroup日常飲食Examples:Poordietandtoomuchsmokingwillseriouslydamagethehealthofyourhair.Nowadaysmanypeoplepreferahealthydietrichinfruitandvegetables.如今人們更喜歡多吃水果和蔬菜。sendfor

---askforthearrivalofExamples:Don'tworryaboutyourson,Ihavesentforthedoctor.

HesentforhisparentstoattendthegraduationceremonyatHarvard.他已經(jīng)請他的父母參加哈佛的畢業(yè)典禮。

hunt

1)searchthoroughly(followedbyfor)尋找Theywerehuntingtheareaforanewhouse.Manycollegestudentsstarthuntingforajobinthefourthyear.2)chaseandkillwildanimalsforfoodorasasport打獵Atonetimemanhadtohunttosurvive.人類曾以打獵為生。abandon

---giveupcompletelyorforever

Examples:MycarbrokedownandIhadtoabandonitonthemainroad.我的車拋錨了，我不得不把它丟棄在大道上。Astheplanewasbadlydamaged,thepilothadtoabandonit.飛機(jī)嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，飛行員不得不放棄它。

property

1)land,buildingsorbothtogether房地產(chǎn)Withmoreandmorepeoplepurchasinghouses,propertypriceshavebeenontherise.

隨著越來越多的人購買房子，房地產(chǎn)價格已經(jīng)上升。2)thethingorthingsthatsb.owns財產(chǎn)That'smypersonalproperty!Leaveitalone!personalproperty

動產(chǎn)realproperty不動產(chǎn)sponsor---support(aperson,organizationoractivity)bygivingmoney,encouragementorotherhelp為…做保證人，主辦，發(fā)起TheoldcouplesponsoredtheyoungmanwhowantedtostudyintheUnitedStatesforayear.這對老夫婦為這個想在美國學(xué)習(xí)的年輕人擔(dān)保一年。The4thForeignLanguagesandCultureFestivalwassponsoredbyOxfordUniversityPress.第四界外語文化節(jié)是由牛津大學(xué)出版社主辦的。approach

①enear(er)toIfyoulookoutofthewindowontherightofthebus,you'llseethatwe'renowapproachingtheOrientalPearlTVTower.（東方之珠電視塔）②n.wayEveryonehashisownapproachtostudy.每個人的學(xué)習(xí)方法都不一樣。handle:v.①manage,control管理，操縱Shecouldn'thandlethepressuresofhernewjob.Shehadtoquitit.她應(yīng)付不了新工作的壓力，辭職了。

②touch,liftorholdwithhandsWashyourhandsbeforeyouhandlethewhitepaper.n.柄，把手Thehandleisnotwellfixed.principle:--guidingruleforbehavior;basictruth信條，原則，原理Thesemachinesworkonthesameprinciple.這些機(jī)器按同樣的原理運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。ItisaprincipleofminetohelppeoplewhenIcan.我的一個原則是在我能夠幫助人的時候盡可能的幫助人。

inprinciple

基本上onprinciple

按原則的

principal

n.

校長，負(fù)責(zé)人adj.主要的，首要的aboveall--mostimportantofallExamples:Johnisfair,hardworking,andaboveall,honest.Iwon'tgowithyou,becauseit'stoofar,toolate,andaboveall,toodangerous

collocationafterall畢竟，終究，歸根結(jié)底完全，全然首先總計(jì)，總的說來幾乎，差一點(diǎn)，除外全部總之a(chǎn)tallfirstofallinallallbutallinallUsefulexpressions結(jié)結(jié)巴巴的英語brokenEnglish大蕭條時期theDepressiondays上門求助重整業(yè)務(wù)夏去秋來人事部門減薪水cometosb.forhelprebuildone’sbusinesssummerpassesintofallpersonneldepartmenttakeacutinpay沒門nosale人品端正首付從那以后零星雜物樣子自信穿戴整齊兒時的伙伴最后amanofcharacterdownpaymentfromthenonoddsandendshavealookofconfidencebeneatlydressedchildhoodfriendintheendProverbsandQuotationsSlowandsteadywinstherace.不怕緩慢，只要意志堅(jiān)定就能贏得勝利。Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetsgoing艱難之路唯勇者行。Adversityrevealsgenius;fortuneconcealsit苦難顯才華，好運(yùn)隱天資。Diligenceisthemotherofgoodluck.勤奮是幸運(yùn)之母。Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.自信是走向成功之路的第一步。Amanisvaluedashemakeshimselfvaluable.一個人價值的高低，全在他