【60天沖刺】高考二輪三輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第5模塊閱讀填空專題（湖南專用）

第五模塊閱讀填空考綱解讀第五模塊

│考綱解讀

此題要求考生在讀完一篇短文后，根據(jù)文中相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，填寫表格。它要求考生歸納概括文中的要點(diǎn)，并根據(jù)一定的線索把相關(guān)的內(nèi)容以表格的形式有序地表達(dá)出來。閱讀填空屬于綜合能力考查題，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀表述，主要考查考生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力。它既考查考生快速獲取信息的能力，也考查組織信息、表達(dá)信息的能力。具體地說，其能力測試要求為：1．對(duì)文章中所提供的關(guān)鍵信息的正確判斷和采集。2．適當(dāng)?shù)木湫娃D(zhuǎn)換。3．正確地使用英語解釋英語。4．原文細(xì)節(jié)信息的正確理解。5．主旨大意的歸納。命題分析第五模塊

│命題分析通過對(duì)2007年、2008年、2009年、2010年和2011年湖南省的五篇閱讀填空題的分析，從中可得到如下特點(diǎn)：1．題型特點(diǎn)的變化第五模塊

│命題分析2.語篇與試題形式特點(diǎn)的變化：第五模塊

│命題分析分析表格可知：(1)體裁：五年來都是描寫性說明文，特點(diǎn)是層次分明、要點(diǎn)突出。(2)話題：題材多為中學(xué)生熟悉、感興趣且符合中學(xué)生認(rèn)知水平和評(píng)判取向的日常話題。常見的話題是：科普知識(shí)、時(shí)文報(bào)道、史地常識(shí)、說理議論、人物介紹、社會(huì)文化和環(huán)境保護(hù)等?？傮w趨勢離中學(xué)生越來越近，兼顧時(shí)代性。(3)詞數(shù)：短文詞數(shù)在280詞左右，題目詞數(shù)在70詞左右，兩者比例是4：1左右。(4)題目：題目采用短語形式，簡短但信息量大。思維導(dǎo)圖、表格和提綱清晰地展示了短文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。題型探究第五模塊

│題型探究探究點(diǎn)一直接信息題一、了解直接信息題的特點(diǎn)是答題的需要。所謂直接信息題，即能直接從文章中找到答題信息句，且能直接套用文中信息句中的某個(gè)原詞或短語而不需改變其詞性，甚至不需改變其詞形。例如：根據(jù)信息句“Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone’sideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.”判斷填空：“Keepanopenmindto________”．第五模塊

│題型探究根據(jù)信息句中的“everyone’sideasdeserveconsideration”該空應(yīng)填寫“everyone’sideas”，即為文中原短語，既沒有改變?cè)~的詞性，也沒有改變?cè)~的詞形。但有時(shí)為滿足同一單元格中表達(dá)形式一致的原則，而需改變?cè)~的詞形。第五模塊

│題型探究例1[2008·湖南卷]Butthissystemcandoagreatdealofgood.ArecentpaperinthejournalBioSciencetellsthatgreenroofscancontroltemperature,containwaterandcleantheair.Andmostimpressively,theycancutheatlossfromabuildingby50%,lowerair-conditioningcostsby25%,andreducetheurban-heated-islandeffectby2℃.Physical：·______

·containingwater·cleaningtheair第五模塊

│題型探究根據(jù)信息句中的“greenroofscancontroltemperature,containwaterandcleantheair”再結(jié)合該單元格中所給出的表達(dá)形式可判斷，該空應(yīng)填“controllingtemperature”，即將原詞的動(dòng)詞原形改為了動(dòng)名詞形式。第五模塊

│題型探究二、有效尋找答題信息句是答題的保證。直接信息題主要考查檢索信息的能力，因此有效快速定位信息句尤為重要?？焖賹ふ矣行畔⒕涞姆椒ㄖ饕腥N：1．在粗讀的過程中留意重要細(xì)節(jié)和關(guān)鍵處。考生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)帶著表格信息快速瀏覽，抓住全文中心及段落大意，正確獲取信息。應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)帶著問題有意識(shí)地在細(xì)節(jié)處和關(guān)鍵處做標(biāo)記。例如，畫線段落主題句，標(biāo)記文中醒目詞time,age,number,place,suggestions,tips,ways,benefits等，注明信息詞：who,what,when,where,why,how；first,then,afterthat,next,finally；because,thus,leadto,becausedby,asaresultof；likeness,alike,justas,either…or；but,while,instead,differentfrom,onthecontrary;inaword,第五模塊

│題型探究insummary,etc.2．根據(jù)試題在表格中的順序確定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置。表格是文章框架的體現(xiàn)，其設(shè)題一般來說，是按照文章的段落順序來排序的。例如，第1小題的答題信息句應(yīng)在開頭，而最后一小題的答題信息句應(yīng)在結(jié)尾?？傊喿x填空題的10個(gè)小題的答題信息句在文章中一般是依次出現(xiàn)的。3．根據(jù)試題關(guān)鍵詞的提示尋讀有效信息句。表格中的表達(dá)通常以短語或句子出現(xiàn)，因此，考生應(yīng)善于判斷、識(shí)別該空所在的語句中的關(guān)鍵詞，再有針對(duì)性地帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞的提示到文中相應(yīng)段落尋找有效信息句。第五模塊

│題型探究三、準(zhǔn)確理解表格中的語意表達(dá)是答題的關(guān)鍵。表格中的語意表達(dá)一般不完全與文章中的原句表達(dá)相同，它顯得更簡潔、清楚，其表達(dá)方式多為短語，偶爾為句子。因此，找到答題信息句后，考生應(yīng)注意分析、比較、推敲表格與原文在表達(dá)上的異同。此時(shí)，首先找到兩者在表達(dá)上的共同點(diǎn)，再推敲其不同點(diǎn)，而后分析文中原句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)，比較實(shí)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。經(jīng)過這樣一番思考，一定能敲定正確答案。第五模塊

│題型探究探究點(diǎn)二歸納概括題一、歸納概括題的種類：

1.標(biāo)題歸納題：根據(jù)“文章主旨句大多出現(xiàn)在三個(gè)位置：文章首段，一段末二段首轉(zhuǎn)折后信息，文章末段”的特點(diǎn)，可有意識(shí)地從上述三個(gè)位置找到文章主題句，再加以準(zhǔn)確概括，確定語篇標(biāo)題。此外，常用于概括文章標(biāo)題的詞有：development,history,introduction,study,research,experiment，information,future。需注意的是，閱讀填空題的標(biāo)題表達(dá)常以(動(dòng))名詞短語形式為主。2．段落歸納題：段落歸納概括題常位于表格的左欄，能最大限度覆蓋相應(yīng)行、列或單元格的全部信息，常為名詞、名詞短語或動(dòng)(名)詞短語。第五模塊

│題型探究例2Activitieslikeinvestigationsaremosteffectivewhendonebysmallgroups.Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities:Makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher,andeveryoneknowsexactlywhen,whyandwhattodo;taketurnsdoingvarioustasksduringsimilarandrepeatedactivities;beawareofwhereothergroupmembersareandwhattheyaredoingsoastoensuresafety;beresponsibleforyourownlearning,thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers.第五模塊

│題型探究表格：

第1題在表格的左欄，所填的詞要求能概括右欄單元格的所有內(nèi)容，而根據(jù)該段的主題句“Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities”可判斷第1空應(yīng)填寫Suggestions。

第五模塊

│題型探究二、歸納概括詞的判斷與選用1．常見的歸納概括詞：表原因：reason(for),cause(of)；表目的：purpose,aim,goal；表種類：kind,type,category,style(風(fēng)格)；表方式、方法：means,way,method，solution,approach；表方位：location,position；表建議：advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip；表態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)：attitude,idea,opinion；表用途、功能：use,usage,function；表變化、趨勢：change,trend,development,rise,increase,decrease;表描述：description,appearance,look,color,size,length,width,distance,height,shape；表來源、歷史：history,source,origin；表影響、結(jié)果：effect,influence,第五模塊

│題型探究result,consequence；表措施、行動(dòng)：measure,action,activity,behavior(舉止、行為)；表益處、不利：benefit,advantage,disadvantage,convenience；表概括、總結(jié)：summary,conclusion；表主題：topic,theme,subject；表特點(diǎn)：feature,characteristic,character(性格、特征)；表評(píng)論、評(píng)價(jià)：comment,remark,assessment；表問題：problem,question,issue；表要求、需求：demand,need,requirement,qualification；表內(nèi)容、項(xiàng)目：content,item；表信息：information；表情緒、感覺：feeling,emotion,motivation(動(dòng)機(jī))；表物質(zhì)、材料：substance,material；表步驟：step,procedure,process；表比例：rate(比例，速度),percentage；表天氣、氣候：weather,climate；表災(zāi)難、事故：disaster,accident,threat；表關(guān)系：relation,第五模塊

│題型探究relationship；表異同：difference,similarity;表交通、運(yùn)輸：traffic,transportation；表時(shí)間、年代、年齡：date,time,age；表性別：sex；表質(zhì)量、數(shù)量：quality,amount,quantity,number；表事件：incident,event；表反應(yīng)：response,reaction，reflection；表定義：definition；表預(yù)防：prevention,precaution；表治療：treatment,cure；表程度：degree；表信仰：belief；表人口：population；表資源：resource；表職位：position；表職業(yè)：work,job,occupation,profession；表設(shè)備：equipment(不可數(shù)),facility(可數(shù))；表跡象、征兆：sign,symptom。需要注意的是：在實(shí)際做題時(shí)要根據(jù)表格的要求做出合適的改變，如名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，首字母的大小寫等。第五模塊

│題型探究2.判定歸納概括詞的方法：

(1)根據(jù)段落主題句的關(guān)鍵詞判定概括詞。段落主題句多在段首，其次在段尾，偶在段中，因此在讀文章時(shí)要尤其注意段首尾，宜及時(shí)標(biāo)注主題句。要善于根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確認(rèn)關(guān)鍵詞。例如上述例句中，找到主題句后，要能判斷suggestions為主題句的關(guān)鍵詞。值得注意的是，有時(shí)所填寫的概括詞不能照抄主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞，而需根據(jù)表達(dá)要求改變其詞形或詞性，甚至是另換一詞。第五模塊

│題型探究例3Volunteeringdoesmuchgoodtoavolunteer.Forexample,volunteeringoffersyouchancestodevelopability,skillandpersonalstrengths.Aspartofavolunteergroup,yougetfirst-handexposuretouseandlearncommunicationandteamworkdynamics.第五模塊

│題型探究該段主題句“Volunteeringdoesmuchgoodtoavolunteer”的關(guān)鍵詞為“muchgood”。但顯然該空不宜填Good。事實(shí)上根據(jù)“doesmuchgood”可知此處是在介紹“Volunteering”的作用或好處，故應(yīng)填：Benefits/Advantages/Uses。再如，根據(jù)“Volunteeringisrequiredtopromotehumanrightsandequality,andrespecttherights,dignity(尊嚴(yán))andcultureofothersaswell.”設(shè)表格如下：第五模塊

│題型探究根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“required”判斷該空填Requirements，即將原來的過去分詞形式改為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)根據(jù)文中信息詞判定概括詞。例如，根據(jù)how判斷用ways,tips,methods，solutions,etc.；根據(jù)why,because,resultin,leadto,becausedby等判斷用reasons,causes；根據(jù)inshort,allinall判斷用summary；根據(jù)referto,be,becalled判斷用definition；根據(jù)therefore,thus,so,asaresult判斷用result,conclusion；根據(jù)find,discover判斷用findings。第五模塊

│題型探究例4[2009·湖南卷]Then,howtosolvetheproblems?Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint,fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse,throughselectingsustainable(可持續(xù)使用的)materialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers,torecycleandminimizewaste.Ontheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.第五模塊

│題型探究第82空可以根據(jù)“Then,howtosolvetheproblems？”可知本處講問題的解決方法，故可判斷填Solutions/Methods。第五模塊

│題型探究探究點(diǎn)三組織信息題一、組織信息題的特點(diǎn)：所謂組織信息題，即能從文中找到信息句，但需轉(zhuǎn)換原詞的詞性或另用新詞填空。例如，根據(jù)信息句“beresponsibleforyourownlearning,thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers.”判斷填寫“Take________forone’sownlearning”，顯然該空應(yīng)填寫“responsibility”，即為原句中形容詞responsible的名詞形式，轉(zhuǎn)換了詞性。組織信息題的產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)楸砀裰械谋磉_(dá)形式不同于原文表達(dá)所致。因此，找到答題信息句后，考生應(yīng)注意分析、比較、推敲表格與原文在表達(dá)上的異同，從而做出正確的推第五模塊

│題型探究理判斷。值得注意的是，所填入的詞或短語不僅要求拼寫正確，符合語法規(guī)則，還要確保上下左右語義一致。二、組織信息題的答題技巧：組織信息題的答題要求更高，難度更大，要求考生不僅要有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力，還要有豐富扎實(shí)的英語語言知識(shí)，例如，要掌握常用同義詞和近義詞、必備的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)和習(xí)慣搭配以及豐富的語法知識(shí)等。其具體答題技巧有：1．轉(zhuǎn)換詞性：例如動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞或形容詞，名詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞等。例如2007年高考湖南卷82題，根據(jù)信息句“Ontheother,students’expectationshaverisen.”將動(dòng)詞risen轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，確定答案為：Riseinexpectations。再如，2006年高考湖南卷80題(fewerabsencesand__80__)，根據(jù)信息句第五模塊

│題型探究“Theyalsohavefewerabsencesandarelesslikelytoblame.”可確定其答案為blame由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞，即：lessblame。2．用名詞所有格“’s”代替of所有格。例如2005年高考湖南卷79題的下一行“Babyboomers’old-growing”就是將文中表達(dá)方式“theold-growingofthe‘babyboomers’”用“’s”所有格代替of所有格轉(zhuǎn)換而成。3．后置定語、補(bǔ)語等轉(zhuǎn)化為前置定語：例如將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為前置定語或改為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作后置定語，名詞、形容詞、分詞作前置定語等。例如2007年高考湖南卷84題，根據(jù)信息句“Theyaretryingtomakelivingconditionsbetter”將賓補(bǔ)better轉(zhuǎn)為前置定語確定答案為Betteringlivingconditions。再如2005年高考湖南卷81及第五模塊

│題型探究82題，根據(jù)信息句“Onelikelydevelopmentwillbe①agradualchangeinthefamilyunit…Theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbe②achangeintheproportionofthenation’sworkforce.”改用名詞作前置定語，分別轉(zhuǎn)換其表達(dá)方式為81.Familyunitchange；82.Workforceproportionchange。4．省略次要信息，提煉關(guān)鍵信息。例如2011年湖南卷的閱讀填空題，將信息句“Then,thelistenercanmakemultipleplaylistswithoutcreatinganaccount(賬戶)withthesite.”中的“withoutcreatinganaccount”進(jìn)行簡化可判斷76題(Makemultipleplaylists__76__)填“withoutanaccount”；將信息句“Inaddition,onecanenjoyvariousartprojectsthatpeoplehavecreatedondisplayforthe第五模塊

│題型探究restoftheworld”中的“enjoyvariousartprojects”進(jìn)行簡化可判斷79題(__79__ondisplay)填“Enjoyartprojects”。5．同義轉(zhuǎn)換。例如2010年高考湖南卷的閱讀填空題，根據(jù)信息句“Theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman,andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies.”的“startout”可判斷75題(halfthepayofajourneyman__75__)填“atthebeginning”。根據(jù)信息句“Neartheendoftheapprenticeship,theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive.”中的“whatajourneymanwouldreceive”可判斷76題(90%of__76__neartheend)填“ajourneyman’swages”。應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛第五模塊

│應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛分析近幾年高考，湖南高考英語閱讀填空試題穩(wěn)中有變。由此預(yù)測2012年湖南高考閱讀填空試題在選材上仍是話題符合中學(xué)生價(jià)值取向的描述性說明文，其結(jié)構(gòu)清楚、脈絡(luò)清晰，文章事實(shí)線條較明顯，應(yīng)具有較明確的信息度。在難度上應(yīng)與2011年持平。解答時(shí)可遵循“四步法”：第一步：分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確定位填空要求，預(yù)測文章的框架及大意。首先可通過分析表格或框架結(jié)構(gòu)及其內(nèi)容預(yù)測文章布局謀篇及大意。根據(jù)分析，再讀文章，可使閱讀時(shí)有的放矢，提高閱讀效率。第二步：快速瀏覽，抓住全文中心及每段大意，正確獲取信息。第五模塊

│應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛帶著第一步的預(yù)測快速瀏覽全文，把握全文中心及每段大意，并注意從各段畫出解題需要的有效信息句，為下一步答題打下基礎(chǔ)?？焖賹ふ矣行畔⒕涞姆椒ㄖ饕袃蓚€(gè)：一是根據(jù)試題在表格中的順序確定有效信息句在文章中的大致位置。二是善于抓住圖表各欄目中所給出的短語關(guān)鍵詞，有針對(duì)性地帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞的提示到文中相應(yīng)段落尋找有效信息句。第三步：認(rèn)真分析表格，借助已有信息，有的放矢答題。該步驟是答好閱讀填空題的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)表格結(jié)構(gòu)，借助第二步獲得的閱讀信息，按照要求答題。第五模塊

│應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛第四步：復(fù)查。復(fù)查對(duì)提高答題準(zhǔn)確率很重要，考生千萬不要遺漏這一步。復(fù)查的主要依據(jù)是看所填答案是否符合答題的幾條原則，其中重點(diǎn)要復(fù)查：1.是否超過3個(gè)單詞；2.表達(dá)形式在語法上是否一致于同橫縱欄目，橫縱欄目內(nèi)的表達(dá)信息是否一致；3.單詞有無拼寫錯(cuò)誤，尤其名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與動(dòng)詞形式方面。專題閱讀填空

專題閱讀填空

真題典例專題

│真題典例[2011·湖南卷]Apersonsearchesvariouswebsitesfordifferentreasons,suchasschool,work,orentertainment.Forteenagers,manyinformativeresourcesontheInternetcanbeused.Asamatteroffact,thereareeducational,musicandartwebsitesthataretrulyhelpfultoteenagers,becausetheycanhelpmakeone’slifeeasier.Educationalwebsitesarehelpfultoateenagerindoingschoolworkandsearchingforacollege.Somecanhelpstudyingfortests,explainingalesson,anddoinghomework.Somecanhelpfindtherightschools專題

│真題典例basedonone’sinterests.Andstillothershavepagesdevotedtothesociallifeateachofthecollegesorthespecificactivitiesthatoccuratacertainschool.Somefreemusicsitesenableateenagertodiversifytheirmusicaltastes.Onthesesites,alltypesofmusicareavailablesuchaspop，rock,jazz,andcountry.Onecantypeinasong,categoryorartistandhisorherentirecatalogappears.Then,thelistenercanmakemultipleplaylistswithoutcreatinganaccount(賬戶)withthesite.Therearevariousartwebsitesthatcanhelpstudentstoappreciateandcreateartpieces.Onthesesites,astudentcanviewnumerousphotosandartpiecesfromdifferentmediumsorcreateanaccount專題

│真題典例withthewebsitetouploadtheirartpiecesforpeopletosee.Inaddition,onecanenjoyvariousartprojectsthatpeoplehavecreatedondisplayfortherestoftheworld.TrulyinformativeresourcesareofferedontheInternet.Thebestsuggestiononecanreceiveistotrytolookfornewwebsitesthatcanhelpintheeducational,music,orartarea,soonecanbecomewell-roundedandinformed.

專題

│真題典例專題

│真題典例

【解析】1．informativeresources直接信息題。根據(jù)第一段Forteenagers,manyinformativeresourcesontheInternetcanbeused.可判斷。2．doschoolwork轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Educationalwebsitesarehelpfultoateenagerindoingschoolworkandsearchingforacollege.可判斷。3．isinterestedin轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第二段Somecanhelpfindtherightschoolsbasedonone’sinterests.可判斷。4．specificschoolactivities轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第二段Andstillothershavepagesdevotedtothesociallifeateachofthecollegesorthespecificactivitiesthatoccuratacertainschool.可判斷。專題

│真題典例

5．enablingone轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第三段Somefreemusicsitesenableateenagertodiversifytheirmusicaltastes.可判斷。6．withoutanaccount轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第三段Then,thelistenercanmakemultipleplaylistswithoutcreatinganaccount(賬戶)withthesite.可判斷。7．Artsites直接信息題。根據(jù)第四段Therearevariousartwebsitesthatcanhelpstudentstoappreciateandcreateartpieces.可判斷。8．Uploadartpieces轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第四段Onthesesites,astudentcanviewnumerousphotosandartpiecesfromdifferentmediumsorcreateanaccountwiththewebsitetouploadtheirartpiecesforpeopletosee.可判斷。專題

│真題典例

9．Enjoyartprojects轉(zhuǎn)換信息題。根據(jù)第四段Inaddition,onecanenjoyvariousartprojectsthatpeoplehavecreatedondisplayfortherestoftheworld.可判斷。10．well-roundedandinformed直接信息題。根據(jù)最后一段Thebestsuggestiononecanreceiveistotrytolookfornewwebsitesthatcanhelpintheeducational,music,orartarea,soonecanbecomewell-roundedandinformed.可判斷。新題預(yù)測專題

│新題預(yù)測(一)Scientistsagreethatsmokingisdangerous.Thosewhosmoketoomuchmaynotlivelong.Smokingmaycausemanydiseases.Themostseriousoneislungcancer.Smokingcostsagreatdealofmoney.Smokingdoesnotjustharmthesmoker;italsoharmspeoplenearbywhobreatheinthesmoke.Smokerschoosetosmoke,butnonsmokershavetosmokepassively.Itisestimatedthatthousandsofpeoplewhohaveneversmokeddieeachyearfromdiseasescausedbybreathingsecond-handtobaccosmoke.專題

│新題預(yù)測Smokingbanscanbeseenaroundtheworld—mostlyinEurope.Thebanswouldencouragesmokerstosmokelessorgiveup.Atthesametimeithelpspreventnonsmokersfrombeingexposedtosecond-handsmoke.Fromthebeginningofthisyear,Francestartedanewsmokingbaninpublicplaces—atrestaurants,bars,hotels,casinos,discos,andcafes.Smokerswhoclingtotheirnicotinewillfacefinesof68euros($88)forlightingupinthewrongplace,whilebusinessownerswillbefined135euros.InItaly,barandrestaurantownerswillfacefinesofuptonearlythreethousanddollarsifanyoftheirguestslightup.Increasedcigarettetaxesaretheleadingfactor專題

│新題預(yù)測contributingtothesteadydeclineinthesmokingratesincethelate1990sintheUnitedStates.Butothercountriesaroundtheworlddon’thaveregulationsonsmokinginpublicordon’tenforcethemstrictly.Thebanhasrunintoopposition,obviouslyfromsmokers.Asmokingbanviolates(侵犯)therightsofsmokersandcausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.Somebarownersanddiscooperatorsworryabanonsmokinginpublicplaceswouldcauseadropinbusiness.Howmanypeople’sjobswillthisaffect?Ifallsmokersgiveupsmoking,wecanenjoycleanerair.專題

│新題預(yù)測

專題

│新題預(yù)測

【解析】1．Smokingbans綜合全文可判斷。2．Harm/Dangersfromsmoking綜合右欄內(nèi)容可判斷。3．Causing(many)diseases根據(jù)第一段Smokingmaycausemanydiseases.Themostseriousoneislungcancer.可判斷。4．non-smokers/peoplenearby根據(jù)第一段italsoharmspeoplenearbywhobreatheinthesmoke或butnonsmokershavetosmokepassively可判斷。5．Smokingpassively根據(jù)第一段butnonsmokershavetosmokepassively可判斷。6．88根據(jù)第二段Smokerswhoclingtotheir專題

│新題預(yù)測nicotinewillfacefinesof68euros($88)forlightingupinthewrongplace可判斷。7．TheUnitedStates根據(jù)第二段Increasedcigarettetaxesaretheleadingfactorcontributingtothesteadydeclineinthesmokingratesincethelate1990sintheUnitedStates.可判斷。8．Violatingtheirrights根據(jù)第三段Asmokingbanviolates(侵犯)therightsofsmokersandcausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.可判斷。9．Thebusinessowners根據(jù)第三段Somebarownersanddiscooperatorsworryabanonsmokinginpublicplaceswouldcauseadropinbusiness.可判斷。10．Conclusion根據(jù)最后一段可判斷。專題

│新題預(yù)測(二)Somechildrenarenatural-bornbosses.Theyhaveastrongneedtomakedecisions,managetheirenvironment,andleadratherthanfollow.StephenJackson,aYearOnestudent,“operatesunderthetheoryofwhat’smineismineandwhat’syoursismine，”sayshismother.“TheotherdayIboughttwonewStarWarslightsabers(劍).Later,IsawStephenwiththetwonewoneswhilehisbrotherwasusingthebeat-upones.”“Examinetheextendedfamily,andyou’llprobablyfindabossygrandparent,aunt,uncleorcousinineverygeneration.It’saninheritabletrait，”says專題

│新題預(yù)測RussellBarkley,aprofessorattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina.Otherchildrenwhomaynotbeparticularlybossycangraduallygaindominance(支配地位)whentheysensetheirparentsareweak,hesitant,orindisagreementwitheachother.Whetherit’sinbornnatureordevelopedcharacteratwork,toomuchcontrolinthehandsoftheyoungisn’thealthyforchildrenorthefamily.“Fearisattherootofalotofbossybehaviour，”saysfamilypsychologistJohnTaylor.“Children，”hesaysinhisbookFrom

Defiance

to

Cooperation,“havesecretfeelingsofweaknessandadesiretofeelsafe.It’stheparents’roletoprovidethatprotection.”

專題

│新題預(yù)測Whena“bosschild”doesn’tlearnlimitsathome,thestageissetforahostoftroublesoutsidethefamily.Theoverlywillfulandunbendingchildmayhavetroubleobeyingteachersorcoaches,forexample,ortroublekeepingfriends.Itcanbeprettylonelyasthetopdogifnoonelikesyourbossyways.“Iseemoreandmoreparentsgivinguptheirpower，”saysBarkley,whohasstudiedbossybehaviorformorethan30years.“Theybendtoofarbecausetheydon’twanttobeasstrictastheirownparentswere.Buttheyalsofeellessconfidentabouttheirparentingskills.Theirkids,inturn,feelmoreanxious.”專題

│新題預(yù)測Soforthesakeofthechildren,parentsshouldbestrictwiththeminasuitablewayandgetmoreknowledgetobegoodparents.專題

│新題預(yù)測專題

│新題預(yù)測

【解析】1．Bossychildren綜合全文可判斷。 2．Natural-born根據(jù)第一段第一句Somechildrenarenatural-bornbosses.可判斷。 3．Managingtheirenvironment根據(jù)第一段Theyhaveastrongneedtomakedecisions,managetheirenvironment,andleadratherthanfollow.可判斷。4．learninglimits根據(jù)第四段Whena“bosschild”doesn’tlearnlimitsathome可判斷。 5．Causes/Reasons綜合右欄內(nèi)容可判斷。 6．(Feelingsof)Weakness根據(jù)第三段havesecretfeelingsofweaknessandadesiretofeelsafe可判斷。

專題

│新題預(yù)測

7．Lessconfidence根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Buttheyalsofeellessconfidentabouttheirparentingskills.可判斷。8．lonelyandanxious綜合倒數(shù)第三段Itcanbeprettylonelyasthetopdogifnoonelikesyourbossyways.和倒數(shù)第二段Theirkids,inturn,feelmoreanxious可判斷。 9．Suggestions/Tips/Advice綜合右欄內(nèi)容可判斷。10．goodparents根據(jù)最后一段結(jié)尾getmoreknowledgetobegoodparents可判斷。

專題

│新題預(yù)測(三)Themotorvehiclehaskilledanddisabledmorepeopleinitsbriefhistorythananybomborweaponeverinvented.Muchofthebloodonthestreetflowsessentiallyfromcarelessandrudebehaviorofdriverswhorefusestorespectthelegalandmoralrightsofothers.Sothetrafficaccidentsontheroadmayberegardedasasocialproblem.Infact,theenemiesofsocietyonwheelsareratherharmlesspeople—justordinarypeopleactingcarelessly,youmightsay.Butitisaprinciplebothoflawandcommonmoralitythatcarelessnessisnoexcusewhenone’sactionscouldbringdeathordamagetoothers.Aminorityofthekillersgoevenbeyond專題

│新題預(yù)測carelessnesstototalnegligence(疏忽)．Researchershaveestimatedthatasmanyas80percentofallautomobileaccidentscanbeattributedtothepsychologicalconditionofthedriver.Emotionalupsetscandistortdrivers’react