初中英語中考復習 考點30 閱讀理解之議論文-備戰(zhàn)2021年中考英語考點一遍過 （解析版）

考點30閱讀理解之議論文議論文往往有觀點，有事實，邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。二、解題方法：一、重視文章標題，找準全文主題句，把握文章主旨標題往往是全文的主題，審視標題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總—分—總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)文章。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例之后或之前的表示觀點的陳述句中尋找。二、細讀文章，注意文章細節(jié)理解除主旨題外，細節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時間、地點等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序)，圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形)，正誤題(依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進行正誤判斷)。對這種題型，無論細節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點都應(yīng)是從文章中找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細節(jié)題的破解一般用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進行整合、分析、對比，有根據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞，則需要更加留意。此法可以加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時，對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運用較高級的手段進行組編。要想準確、深刻地理解文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會進行預先設(shè)定：讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后設(shè)計一些隱藏在語篇深層的＂潛臺詞＂。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進行推測，揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運用背景知識去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時認真體會文章的語氣與感情基調(diào)。四、多讀多背，擴大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧由于當今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學過的詞匯。許多學生感到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴大英語詞匯量，二是要學習并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對比或因果推理法等?？傊?，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面入手。通過觀察、體驗、探究等積極主動的學習方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提高學生自主學習的能力。ACanMoneyBuyHappiness?Canmoneybuyhappiness?Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionstowardmoney.Somepeoplethinkmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Intheiropinion,everythingintheworldcanbeboughtwithmoney.However,othersthinkthatmoneyistherootofallevils.Forexample,somepeoplefightagainsteachotherformoney,somekillothersformoney.Alltheseevilsareunderthecontrolofmoney.Inmyopinion,moneycanbringuspainaswellashappiness.Onlywhenyourmoneyismadethroughyourhonestefforts,canyouliveagoodlife.Ifweusemoneytohelpthepoorandhomeless,wewillenjoythetruehappiness.

JaspreetSethi,NewDelhi,IndiaCanmoneybuyhappiness?Itcertainlydoesn’tmakeonesad.Ifitcomesmyway,I’llbehappy.IfIhadmoney,I’dbuyabiggercar,abiggerhouse,abettereducationformychild,andabetterholidayformyfamily.AdamHassan,Abuja,NigeriaIthinkmoneycanbuyhappiness.Ifyouhavetopayschoolfees,youneedmoney.Ifyouneedahomeforyourself,youneedmoney.Ifyouwanttobuyyourselfsomethingtoeat,youneedmoney.Soifyoudon’thavemoneytogetthesethings,therewon’tbehappiness.IfIhadmoney,I’dgetmyselfahome,averygoodcar,andawife.ArsenyYatsechko,Moscow,RussiaMoneycanbuyanything.Ifyouhaveenoughmoney,youcanmakeyourselfhappy.Familycanchange,peoplecanchange,butmoneywon’tchange.IfIhadmoney,I’dprobablyspenditonatrip.I’dgotoParisorBerlin.I’mnotsoworriedabouttheeconomy.RichardWicks,London,UnitedKingdomI’veseenpeoplewithuntoldwealth.Theyneverseemedhappytome.Butwhatishappiness?Youknow,attheendoftheday,aslongasyou’vegotyourhealthandcangetup,brushyourteeth,getdressedinthemorning,andtalktooneanother,you’retherichestpersonintheworld.MiguelJosueMolano,Bogotá,ColombiaYoucanhavelotsofmoney,butifyoudon’thavehappinessinyourheart,youwon’tbeabletoshareit.IfIsuddenlyfoundmyselfwithlotsofmoney,Iwouldtrytohelppeople,becausethat’sthewaytobecomehappy.I’dhelppeopletrytoachieveadifferenttypeofhappiness.Accordingtothepassage,howmanypeoplethinkmoneycanbuyhappinessandhowmanydon’tthinksoTwo;threeB.Three;twoC.Four,oneD.One;fourFromRichardWicks,wecanknow____________________.goodhealthisthewealthB.moneyisthehappinessC.moneycanbuyeverythingD.who’stherichestintheworldIfMiguelJosueMolanohadmuchmoney,hewould______________________.getaverygoodcarandahomeB.gotodifferentcountriesforavisitC.helppeopleachievetheirhappinessD.buyamuchbiggerhouseWhatdoesAdamHassanthinkofthemoney?Withoutmoneywecan’thavehappiness.Onlymoneycanbringushappiness.Everythingneedsmoney.Moneycanmakeyouhealthy.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmoney?Moneyistherootofallevils.Moneyisthesourceofhappiness.Moneymustbemadebyyourhonestefforts.Moneycanbringpainandhappiness.【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文中首先闡述了作者的金錢和幸福觀，然后列舉了五個不同國家的人的對金錢和幸福的觀點。1.綜合判斷題。根據(jù)五個人所闡述的不同觀點，可總結(jié)歸納得知答案。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)aslongasyou’vegotyourhealth...,you’retherichestpersonintheworld.可知健康才是財富。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IfIsuddenlyfoundmyselfwithlotsofmoney,...I’dhelppeopletrytoachieveadifferenttypeofhappiness可知答案。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)Soifyoudon’thavemoneytogetthesethings,therewon’tbehappiness可知沒有錢就沒有幸福。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Inmyopinion,moneycanbringuspainaswellashappiness可知作者的觀點是金錢可帶來痛苦也能帶來幸福。BIsthereawaytoquicklyrecallinformationjustbeforetakinganexam?Walkingbackwardmightbeagoodsolution.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofRoehamptonintheUKsaidthisactivitycanhelppeopleimprovetheirshort-termmemory.Researchersasked114volunteerstowatchavideo.Afterwatchingthevideo,volunteersweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwastoldtowalk10metersforward.Thesecondgroupwalked10metersbackward.Thethirdgroupstoodinoneplace.Allthreegroupswerethenasked20questionsaboutwhattheysawinthevideo.Thescientistsfoundthatthebackwardwalkinggroupgottwomoreanswerscorrectonaveragethantheothertwogroups.Thissuggeststhattherelationshipbetweentheconceptsoftimeandspaceisimportantconsideringhowourmindsformmemories.“Timeisreallyexpressedviaspace,”AleksandarAksentijevic,wholedthestudy,toldtheDailyMail.Whenyouwalkbackward,youseethingsfromadifferentwaycomparedtowalkingforward.Thisdifferencehelpspeoplerecallthingsthathappenedinthepast.Andwalkingbackwardisnotjustgoodforourbrains.Itisalsogoodfortherestofourbody,Comparedtowalkingforward,walkingbackwardismorechallenging.Thiscanameliorateourenergyinashorttimeandburnsmorecalories.Besides,walkingbackwardputslessstressonourknees.Itcouldbehelpfulforpeoplewhooftenhavepainintheirknees,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofOregonintheUS.Walkingbackwardalsokeepsourspinesstrong,whichcanhelptoreducepainintheback.Thismightbewhymanyoldpeoplelikewalkingbackward.(WordBank:solution解決方法concept概念reduce減少)根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案16.Whatwasthefirstgroupaskedtodobytheresearchers?A.Tostayinoneplace.B.Towalkupanddown.C.Towalk10metersforward.D.Towalk10metersbackward.17.Thetestshowsthatwalkingbackward________.A.isonlygoodforourbrainsB.putslessstressonourkneesC.usesmoreenergyinashorttimeD.improvesourshort-termmemory18.Theunderlinedword"ameliorate"hastheclosestmeaningto"________".A.HarmB.improveC.controlD.spread19.Whydooldpeoplelikewalkingbackward?A.BecauseithelpsburnmorecaloriesB.Becauseithelpsthemrecalltheirpast.C.Becauseithelpsthemrememberthings.D.Becauseithelpsreducepainintheirback.20.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Walkingbackwardisgoodforusinseveralways.B.Walkingbackwardisagoodwaytokeephealthy.C.Walkingbackwardcanhelpusdobetterinexam.D.Walkingbackwardisbecomingmoreandmorepopular16.C第二自然段第二行得出答案選C17.D第一自然段第三句話這種活動能提高他們的短期記憶。18.B聯(lián)系上下文得出這是提高意思。19.D最后一段Walkingbackwardalsokeepsourspinesstrong,whichcanhelptoreducepainintheback得出答案選D20.A這篇文章主要講述倒走對保持健康有好處。CHaveyoutriedtorunorwalkforexerciseandthengivenup?Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise.Aquaticexercisefeelseasierthanexercisingonland.Why?Youweighabout90%lessinthepool.Itisbetterforyourkneesthanrunningorwalking.Waterisabout1,000timesthickerandheavierthanair.Tomovethroughthewater,yourbodyhastoworkfourtimesashard.Asaresult,youcanburnmorecalories(卡路里).Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater.Theystopthinkingaboutthethingsthatmakethemworried.Theyfeelincontroloftheirbodies.Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.Butwhatifyouareafraidofthewater?Noproblem!Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseisforeveryone.13.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Differencebetweenairandwater. B.Weightchangeofone’sbody.C.Theadvantagesofaquaticexercise. D.Thewaystodoaquaticexercise.14.Whatdomostpeoplethinkofaquaticexercise?A.Relaxing. B.Worrying. C.Challenging. D.Boring.15.Accordingtothetext,aquaticexerciseis_________.A.doneingroups B.fitforeveryoneC.difficulttolearn D.donewithspecialskills16.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwereadthetext?A.Culture. B.Health. C.Nature. D.Travel.【文章大意】跑步或走路來鍛煉身體總是很容易半途而廢，那么就來嘗試一下水中運動吧，它就像陸地上的鍛煉一樣，只不過是在游泳池里。這種鍛煉可以燃燒更多的卡路里，且不會傷害你的膝蓋，還能讓人們感覺很放松，因此受到了越來越多人的歡迎。13.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的文意可知，這一段介紹了水中運動比陸地運動更容易的原因，它不傷害你的膝蓋，且能燃燒更多的卡路里。總而言之，這一段介紹的是水中運動的優(yōu)點，故C選項符合文意。14.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。大多數(shù)人認為水中運動怎么樣？A.Relaxing令人放松的。B.是＂令人擔心的＂；C.是＂有挑戰(zhàn)性的＂；D.是＂無聊的＂。根據(jù)短文第三段中Infact,mostpeoplesaytheyfeelmorerelaxedinthewater…Thecool,quietenvironmentmakesthemfeelgood.可知，大多數(shù)人都覺得在水里很放松，感覺很好。由此可知應(yīng)選A。15.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一段Aquaticexerciseissafeandeasytolearn.Itdoesn’trequireanyspecialskills.Youdon’tevenneedtoknowhowtoswim.Aquaticexerciseisforeveryone可知，水中運動非常安全、學起來也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它適合每個人。由此可知應(yīng)選B。16.B【解析】推理判斷題。我們在雜志那個板塊可以讀到以上內(nèi)容？A.是＂文化＂；C.是＂自然＂；D.是＂旅行＂。根據(jù)短文第一段Ifyouansweredyes,youshouldtryanewkindofexercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquaticexerciseislikeexerciseonland,butyoudoitinaswimmingpool.Moreandmorepeoplearetryingaquaticexercise可知，短文介紹的是一種越來越受人們歡迎的新運動—水中運動，這樣的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該在雜志上的健康版塊，故應(yīng)先B。DManypeoplemightthinkthatiftheyhadmoremoney,thentheywouldbehappierinlife.Forexample,peoplemightlookatwhatothershave,likeexpensiveclothesornicecars,andwishtheycouldhavethesame.Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong.___①____Butisthatreallytrue?Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.__②____Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy.__③___Itcouldbebuyingapresentforafriendorafamilymember.___④___Itcouldhebuyingahomelesspersonfoodtoeat.Itcouldhegivingmoneytoapersoninneed.Justthinkaboutthelasttimeyouusedyourownmoneytodosomethingforsomeoneelse.Howdidyoufeel?Whetheritisasmallorlargeamountofmoney.Peoplefeelhappierwhentheygive.Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.ThisideaofconnectingyourhappinesstothehappinessofothersisdescribedasaubuntuinanAfricanlanguage.ThereisevenastoryaboutamanvisitingAfricawhoaskedsomekidstoracetoanearbytree.‘Thefirstchildtotouchthetreewouldgetasweettreat.Surprising,allthechildrenheldhandsandrantogether.Theyalltouchedthetreeatthesametime.Themanaskedwhytheyhaddonethis.‘Thechildrensimplysaidtheycouldonlyenjoyeatingthetreatifeveryonehadone.33.Thewritersaysthatbuyingthings_________.A.canmakepeopleworried B.canmakepeoplenervousC.mayleadtosadnessforlong D.mayleadtohappinessforashorttime34.Wherecanwebestput"Butit’snothavingmoneythatbringshappiness."inParagraph2?A.① B.② C.③ D.④35.Whydoesthewriterquote(引用)astoryinParagraph3?A.ToexplainAfricanslikesweets. B.Toshowexamplesarenotenough-C.Tomakethewriter’sopinionclearer. D.Toexpresshappinessisfromchildren.36.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellus?A.Buyingnewthingscanmakepeoplehappy.B.Thekeytohappinessismakingothershappy.C.Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcanvisitAfrica.D.Peoplewhohavealotofmoneymightnotbehappy.【文章大意】很多人都覺得如果他們有更多的錢，他們就會更快樂。是的，錢的確能使我們更快樂，但不是有錢能讓我們快樂，而是給予別人錢能讓我們快樂。人們在奉獻的時候會更快樂，這是因為讓別人快樂，同時也會使自己快樂。33.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段最后一句話Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong可知，用錢買東西不能長時間給我們帶來快樂。由此可知應(yīng)選D。34.B【解析】推理判斷題。題干中這句話Butitsnothavingmoneythatbringshappiness.意為：但是不是擁有錢帶來快樂。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系可知，Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.提到：事實上，錢使人們更開心；后面又提到Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy是給別人錢使人們開心。故這句話應(yīng)放在②處，能使上下文意銜接，故選B。35.C【解析】推理判斷題。這篇短文是議論文，講述了真正讓人們快樂的不是有錢，而是用錢來使別人快樂。第二段的最后提到Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.＂讓別人快樂也會讓給予者快樂＂。為了使讀者更好地理解這一點，作者講了下面的故事。因此C選項＂使作者的觀點更清楚＂是正確的。36.B【解析】主旨大意題。這是一篇議論文，作者先講述了用錢買東西并不能長久地使人們快樂，然后引出作者的觀點Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.＂使別人快樂也會讓給予者快樂＂。故B選項＂快樂的關(guān)鍵是使別人快樂＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故應(yīng)選B。ESomepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents,however,itisnottrue.Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit’shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents,don’tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap（消除代溝）.Don’targue（爭辯）withyourparents.Don’tgettoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon’consideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan’texpress（表達）yourselfwellifyouareangry.Gosomewheretocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter.Trytoreachacompromise（和解）.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.Michael’smotherdidn’tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit.Buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.Ofcourse,yourparentsmightrefusetocompromiseonsomething.Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespect（尊敬）tothem.Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.Talkaboutyourvalues.Thevaluesofyourparentsareprobablydifferentfromthoseofyourown.Tellyourparentswhatyoucareabout,andwhyunderstandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakeyouabetterandhappierperson.Haveatry!5.Thepassagetellsus________haveacommunicationproblem.A.parentsandotherpeople B.teachersandtheirstudentsC.parentsandchildrenofallages D.schoolkidsandtheirparent6.Yourparentsprobablywon’tconsideryourideasifyou________.A.writealettertothem B.don’tgettothemoftenC.expressyourselfwell D.don’tspeaktothempolitely7.Theunderlinedphrase＂cooloff＂inthepassagemeans＂________＂.A.tohaveagoodrest B.tohideyourselfquicklyC.tomakeyourselfhappy D.togetyouquietandrelaxed8.Ifthere’sreallyagenerationgapbetweenyouandyourparents,you’dbetter________.A.haveatalkwiththemoften B.keepawayfromthemC.agreewiththemallthetime D.knowabouttheirvalues9.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.A.parentsandchildrenshouldnothaveagenerationgapB.therearesomegoodwaystobridgethegenerationgapC.parentsshouldshowloveandrespecttotheirchildrenD.therearesomanyseriousproblemsinfamiliestoday【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述家長和孩子之間有代溝，主要原因是缺少溝通，當我們彼此了解對方的觀點和想法之后，就很容易理解對方，從而消除代溝。5.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages可知，溝通是所有年齡段的父母和孩子都要面臨的問題，故選C。6.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Yourparentsprobablywon’consideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem可知，如果你朝他們喊，他們就不會考慮你的主意，所以表示如果你沒有禮貌地和他們說話，故選D。7.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Andyoucan’texpress（表達）yourselfwellifyouareangry.Gosomewheretocooloff可知，如果你生氣，你就不能很好地表達你自己，所以要到某個地方冷靜并放松一下，故選D。8.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter、Trytoreachacompromise以及Talkaboutyourvalues可知，要經(jīng)常和父母交流，故選A。9.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap以及下文可知，我們可以知道一些很好的方法來消除代溝，故選B。F①April2ndisWorldAutismDay.Whatisautism?Autismiscausedbypervasivedevelopmentaldisorder*.Herearemainbehaviorcharacteristics*ofautism.②?Socialcommunicationdisorder,liveonlyintheirownworld.③?Languagecommunicationdisorder,difficulttocommunicatewithpeoplearound.④?Repeatstrangemovementsoften,unabletoacceptthechangesoffamiliarenvironment.⑤Fromthreecharacteristicsabove,peoplewithautismhavelotsoftroublecommunicating.Theylooklikenormalpeople,buttheyexperiencetheworldinaveryuniqueway.Thatistosay,thewayhowtheydealwiththingsandunderstandtheworldisnotthesameasnormalpeople.⑥Nowadays,thenumberofautismis67millionallovertheworld.Onein160childrenisautistic.AschoolinEnglandforchildrenwithautismisfindinganewuseforvirtualreality*andVRheadsets.PriorsCourtisakindofschoolinBerkshire,southernEngland.Theteachersatschoolareusinghightechnologytohelpandlearnmoreaboutchildrenwithautism.Aschildrenwithautismhaveproblemswithplacesandsituationstheyhaven’texperiencedbeforewell,theylikewhatisfamiliarandtheyliketheirroutine*.VRheadsetsmakethewearersfeelliketheyareindifferentplaces.Forexample,someonewearingaVRheadsetcanhavea360-degreeviewofaplaceastheyturnaround.Withthevideo,theycanevenhearthesoundsoftheplace.TeachersareusingVRtointroducechildrentosituationslikevisitingashoppingmallorgettingonaplane.Theycandosointhesafetyoftheirclassroom.Inadditiontogettingusedtoeverydaydifferentplacesintherealworld,thechildrenmaylearntoenjoynewexperiencessuchasskiingordeep-seadiving.?Acomputerteacher,NunoGuerreirofromtheschoolsaid,"We'retryinganewdata*collectionsystemwithVRheadsetsatthesametime.Thesystemputstogetherinformationabouteachchildeveryday:whattheyhaveeaten,howmuchsleepandexercisetheyhavehadandalltheiractivities.Thenitcomparesthosefactstoknowhowtheyarebehavingformedicaltreatment."Guerreiroaddedtheschoolhopedtosharewhatitlearned."Hopetonotonlyimprovepeopletoknowmoreaboutthetreatmentandresearchoftheautism,butalsodrawpeople'sattentiontocareaboutautism."33.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A. B.C. D.34.Theunderlinedword"unique"inParagraph5means_________________.A.great B.wrong C.useful D.different35.AccordingtoParagraph6,theuseofVRheadsetsisthat_________________.A.teacherscantakeclassesforchildreninotherplacesinsteadofclassroomsB.childrencanhavetheabilityofskiinganddeep-seadivingintherealworldC.VRexperiencescanhelpchildrenfeelbetteraboutchangesfromtheirroutineD.theycanmakeitpossibletotakechildrentolearnmoreabouthightechnology36.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferwhomaybethepersonwithautism?A.Jeffhastroublefallingasleepatnightandalwaysfeelssickintheday.B.Mariefeelsunconfidentandalwaysafraidtospeakinfrontoftheclass.C.Nickyalwaysstaysinherprivateworldandevencan'tunderstandothers.D.Stevecan'tconcentrateonhisstudyandoftenfightswithothersafterclass.【答案】33.A34.D35.C36.C【解析】本文主要講述了自閉癥的相關(guān)信息?；加凶蚤]癥的人會有社交、語言交際障礙和表現(xiàn)出不同于的正常人行為。一所在英格蘭為自閉癥孩子建立的學校正在利用VR虛擬現(xiàn)實耳機技術(shù)來幫助自閉癥孩子克服這種障礙。同時通過運用VR虛擬現(xiàn)實耳機技術(shù)收集數(shù)據(jù)并進行分析以便讓人們更好地了解和研究自閉癥?！?3題詳解】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知第一段開門見山引出“自閉癥”這一文章主題，接著二三四段分別介紹了自閉癥的一些表現(xiàn)，第五段是對自閉癥的總結(jié)，第六段和七段為并列的兩段，所以A項符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“Theylooklikenormalpeople,buttheyexperiencetheworldinaveryuniqueway他們看起來像正常人，但是他們以一種非常獨特的方式體驗世界”可知unique在文中的意思為獨特的，different意為“不同的，獨特的”符合題意，故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。第六段主要講述了運用VR虛擬現(xiàn)實耳機技術(shù)來幫助自閉癥孩子體驗以前他們沒有體驗過的地方和環(huán)境，從而幫助他們習慣現(xiàn)實世界的生活，虛擬現(xiàn)實體驗?zāi)軌驇椭⒆觽兏玫馗惺艿剿麄內(nèi)粘Ｉ钪械淖兓蔬xC?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。患有自閉癥的人會有社交、語言障礙，他們生活在自己的世界，不能夠跟其他人正常交流，不能夠接受熟悉環(huán)境的變化，可知C項符合題意，故選C。A【2020?黔南州】Doyoupaywithpapermoney,credit(信用的)card,oryourphonewhenyougosopping?PeopleinChinamaypaywithWeChat(微信)onthephones.Weseldomusepapermoney.WhileWeChatPayisnowapartoflifeinourcountry,thiswayofpayingalsoappearsinothercountries.Alotofforeigncompaniesandtradershavetoacceptit.AccordingtoXinhuaNews,about13foreigncountrieshaveWeChatPayservicesforChinesetravelers.IsitgoodorbadtouseWeChatPay?Willpeoplenolongerusepapermoneyinthefuture?SomediscussionsappearontheInternet."Idon'tthinkso.NearlyhalfofChinesepeopleliveinthecountryside.Peopletherecan'tenjoyitwithoutgoodInternetservice.Andmostoldpeopleliketousepapermoney."saidWinnie."WeChatPayisconvenientandsafe.Weneedn'ttellifthemoneyisrealorfake.Butpapermoneyisjusttheopposite.WeshouldencouragepeopletouseWeChatPaymore."saidawiseman."Foralongtime,peoplewillusedifferentpaymentways,"saidSunshine."Tradersshouldallowpeopletochoosethewaystheyliketopay."Willpapermoneydisappearinthefuture?What'syourideasaboutit?41.WhenwepaywithWeChat,weneedtouseour__________.A.phones B.papermoney C.creditcards D.wallet42.Awisemanthought__________.A.itwasnotsafeifpeopledon'tusepapermoney B.WeChatPaywasconvenientandsafeC.peoplewouldgoonusingpapermoneyinthefuture D.oldpeopleliketousepapermoneymore43.Theunderlinedword"fake"inParagraph5maymean__________.A.臟的 B.麻煩的 C.假的 D.殘缺的44.Fromthepassage,wecanknow__________.A.onlyChinesepeopleuseWeChatPayB.ChinesetravelerscanuseWeChatPayinabout13foreigncountriesC.peopleuseWeChatPaymorethanpapermoneyintheworldD.papermoneywillsurelydisappearinthefuture45.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhyPeopleUseWeChatPay? B.WeChatPaymentinChina.C.WillPaperMoneyDisappear? D.PaymentWaysintheFuture.本文主要介紹了微信支付越來越受人們的歡迎，然而紙幣是否會消失呢?不同的人有不同的看法。41.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“PeopleinChinamaypaywithWeChat(微信)onthephones.”，可知中國人可以用手機微信支付，故選A。42.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段awiseman說話的內(nèi)容中“WeChatPayisconvenientandsafe.”，可知智者認為微信支付方便安全，故選B。43.C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句子“Weneedn'ttellifthemoneyisrealorfake.”中的real“真實的”，意為我們不需要去分辨錢是真的還是假的?？芍猣ake表示“假的”之意，故選C。44.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhileWeChatPayisnowapartoflifeinourcountry,thiswayofpayingalsoappearsinothercountries雖然微信支付已經(jīng)成為我國生活的一部分，但這種支付方式在其他國家也出現(xiàn)過?！保芍x項A是錯誤的；根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoXinhuaNews,about13foreigncountrieshaveWeChatPayservicesforChinesetravelers.據(jù)新華社報道，大約有13個國家為中國游客提供微信支付服務(wù)。”，可知選項B是正確的；根據(jù)Winnie說話的內(nèi)容，可知選項C表述錯誤；文章未提到紙幣一定會消失，所以選項D表述錯誤。故選B。45.D【解析】最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文通過微信支付引出紙幣是否會消失，討論了兩種支付方式，以及未來的紙幣是否會完全消失，可知，PaymentWaysintheFuture.是最佳標題，故選D。B【2020?河北省】Inclass,studentsaresharingtheirdreamjobs.Jacob:I'dliketobeamountain-climbingguideforseveralreasons.NumberOne,mountainclimbingisveryexciting.Mountain-climbingguidesgettoclimbtall,dangerousmountains,right?NumberTwo,Ienjoyworkingoutdoorsandhelpingothers.NumberThree,mountain-climbingguidestravelwidelyandmeetmanyfunpeople.Fred:Mychoiceistobeavet（獸醫(yī)）.Why?Ilikeanimals.Animalsbringalotofjoytoourlives,buttheyaskforlittleinreturn.Ialsoenjoyhelpinganimalsandtheirownersfeelbetter.Petownersarehappywhentheirpetsarewell.Finally,vetsgettoworkwithotherpeoplewholikeanimals.Anne:Ha,mydreamjob?Anaccountant（會計）!Ithinkit'sinteresting.I'mgoodatnumbers,youknow,andIalsolikehelpingpeoplemanagetheirmoney.Goodaccountantsarewellpaid,andIwanttomanagemyownmoney,ofcourse.Butthemostimportantofall,accountantsmostlyworkalone,andIliketoworkalone.Jessica:I'dliketobecomeananimator（動畫片制作者）andmakefilmslikeToyStory,Shrek,andCars.Yousee,IlovedrawingandIloveworkingoncomputers.I'dliketohelppeoplerelaxandenjoytheirlife.Animatorscanmakealotofmoney,too.21.Jacob'sdreamjobistobe.A.avet B.ananimatorC.anaccountant D.amountain-climbingguide22.WhatisAnne'smainreasonforherdreamjob？A.Thejobisinteresting. B.Thejobiswellpaid.C.Sheisgoodatnumbers. D.Shelikestoworkbyherself.23.Whatdothefourstudentshaveincommon?A.Theyenjoyworkingoutside. B.Theyenjoyofferinghelptoothers.C.Theyhopetomeetfunpeople. D.Theyhopetomakealotofmoney.文章大意：文中四個學生分享了各自夢想中的工作，并且分別給出了各自的原因。21.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"I'dliketobeamountain-climbingguideforseveralreasons."可知Jacob夢想中的職業(yè)是成為一名登山向?qū)?。故選D。22.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中"Butthemostimportantofall,accountantsmostlyworkalone,andIliketoworkalone."可知最重要是會計可以獨自工作，并且Anne很喜歡獨自工作。故選D。23.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"NumberTwo,Ienjoyworkingoutdoorsandhelpingothers."、第三段中"Ialsoenjoyhelpinganimalsandtheirownersfeelbetter."、第四段中"...andIalsolikehelpingpeoplemanagetheirmoney."及最后一段中"I'dliketohelppeoplerelaxandenjoytheirlife."可知這四個學生的共同點是喜歡幫助其他人。故選B。C【2020?東營市】Atornado（龍卷風）isakindofstrongstormwithairwhichmovesinacirclequickly.Theycanmoveover200milesperhourandcausealotofdamage（損壞）.Astheymoveacrosstheland,theycaneasilypickupcars,trucks,andevenhouses,andthenthrowthemveryfar.Itisimportanttofindasafeplaceifatornadogetsclose.Asafeplacecouldbeabasement（地下室）orthelowestfloor.Ifyouareinahomewithoutabasement,trytofindafirst-floorbathroomorasmallroomwithoutwindowsinthemiddleofyourhouse.Youshouldcurlup（蜷縮）intoaballandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourhands.Buttherearesomepeoplewhoactuallywanttogetclosetotornadoes.Theyarescientistswhowanttolearnmoreabouttornadoes.Oneofthebestwaystodothisistogetascloseaspossibletothetornado.Theyusespecialtoolstomeasure（測量）whatishappeninginandaroundatornado.Onespecialtooliscalledatornadoprobe（探測儀）.Insidethetornadoprobe,therearesensors（傳感器）tomeasurewindspeed,temperature,pressure,anddirection.Someprobesevenhavecameras,sothescientistscanseeandund