2019考研英語(yǔ)閱讀kk三步法何-翻譯講義

考研文章和類型總覽 考研英語(yǔ)翻譯解題的基本流程 翻譯技巧的講 2018考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2017考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2016考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2015考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2014考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2013考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2012考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2011考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2010考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2009考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2008考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2007考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2006考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2005考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2004考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2003考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2002考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2001考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2000考研英語(yǔ)翻譯1999考研英語(yǔ)翻譯1998考研英語(yǔ)翻譯1997考研英語(yǔ)翻譯1996考研英語(yǔ)翻譯1995考研英語(yǔ)翻譯1994考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2018英語(yǔ)二翻譯2017英語(yǔ)二翻譯2016英語(yǔ)二翻譯2015英語(yǔ)二翻譯2014英語(yǔ)二翻譯1994科學(xué)技術(shù)之關(guān) ●1995標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考1996科研的發(fā) ●1997動(dòng)物權(quán)1998宇宙大理 ●1999歷史的定2000與社會(huì)發(fā) ●2001未來(lái)科技發(fā)2002行為科學(xué)研 ●2003社會(huì)科學(xué)人類2004語(yǔ)言與思 ●2005大眾傳媒的發(fā)2006●2007法律教2008達(dá)爾文介 ●2009青年人教育模2010經(jīng)濟(jì)與生態(tài)保 ●2011書籍介紹2012語(yǔ)言學(xué)研 ●2013園藝2014貝多芬音樂(lè)欣 ●2015早期文2016心理健 ●2017英語(yǔ)的使2018句 3.獨(dú)立成句 表達(dá)通順：2.賦予含義3.一、詞義的選擇1.the lectualequipmentofan2.thespecialpreserveof3.Hisfunction ogoustothatofa4.Hehasnotbeenchargedwiththe5.hedidnotacceptthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsaswell6.hisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode ernshis7.developedthe8.auniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocial9.Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithality10.Thisabilityisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtoheala二、詞組的積累atthejumptothebeobligedtoonadailytakesortoutrestsauthorofpieceIntokilltwobirdswithonetolaughoffone’sanunchartedboundinanticipationof：預(yù)計(jì)到=becauseripout，撕毀，拆joiningthedotsmarksbout使誰(shuí)出類拔萃/fund-raisingmethod募集bringAtoaclosebringtoacloseA（totheletterpangofsth:一陣flashofsth:Aflashinthepan:diedown：減弱；平NexttomaywellFrontedby；由…LikenAtoBAstemsfrom：源于Endup（with）（Noend=veryItupsetmenoendtohearthey’dsplitup.KeepyourendupMakeendsmeet:Attheendoftheday:bearthebruntof首當(dāng)其沖（brunt沖擊；主要沖力prepareAforBdeservingpeople3三、增詞的譯法Studiesservefordelight，forornamentandfor譯文1：“讀書服務(wù)于樂(lè)趣，服務(wù)于文采，服務(wù)于才23： 例句2：TheparkisThetaskdemandsastrategicThenewAmericanSecretaryofStatehasproposedaworldconferenceonfood 適應(yīng)→ 適應(yīng)→ 熱情→ →非常 善良→ 可愛→ 高明→ 討厭→ 滿意→ → 測(cè)量→ 管理→ 食宿→ 連接→ 飽和→ 準(zhǔn)備→ 補(bǔ)救→ 修改→ 活動(dòng)→ 樣品→ 型號(hào)→ 問(wèn)題→ →這些 內(nèi)容→ 指標(biāo)→ 情況→ 原因→例句并列的增補(bǔ)Youmayapply orby你可以親自去申請(qǐng)也可以寄 Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots，andcarswithpollution將會(huì)出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視聊天 .四、減詞的譯法Hewasonthewrong例句2：Hewasagainsttheplanfromthevery例句3：定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞JohnRobert’sprofessionsofjudicialmodestyduringhisownconfirmationhearingsin2005gavelittleinklingofthecontroversialdecisionsoverwhichhehassincepresided.約翰羅伯茨在2005 年自己的就職確認(rèn)聽證會(huì)上表達(dá)了中庸的法學(xué)思想，萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒想到從那，他 .Behaviorists，incontrast，saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyeducationaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefar冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎一、詞的處（一）介詞的處（二）代詞的處（三）人名的處（四）名詞的處理（五）副詞的處（六）形容詞性詞的處二、成分的處（一）定語(yǔ)（從句）（二）同位語(yǔ)（從句）的處（三）狀語(yǔ)（從句）的處（四）插入語(yǔ)的處（五）形式主語(yǔ)的處（六）Therebe（七）語(yǔ)態(tài)的處（八）比較結(jié)構(gòu)的處一、（一）介詞的處理按字面含義翻譯Anappleonthetableintheriveragainstthedeclineofwholeeconomy翻譯為動(dòng)詞Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots，andcarswithpollution例子1：Alitoresolvedthisbyconcludingthattheaggressiveproceduredoesnotviolatefederalstatutes.Changeofinformation,ifany,concerningthecontentsofthissectionwillbefoundinappendixattheendofthis譯文：關(guān)于這個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容方面的信息的改變，（如果有的話）都將會(huì)在這本書結(jié)束的附錄里面找到。 Smokingisprohibitedinpublic（二）hisbook找到具體指代對(duì)象再翻譯例句1：Onemusthavestudiedhardbeforeonecouldsucceedinmasteringaforeign【譯HecoveredhisfacewithhishandasiftoprotecthisWeliveand（三）人名的處理非常有名的人按習(xí)慣翻譯Beethoven；Einstein；Edison；Eason；Jay；I-可音譯的則音譯不可音譯的則直接抄英文（四）名詞的處理：按字面含義翻譯：轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)態(tài)名詞（1）有動(dòng)詞含義的名（2）由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的名Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand，combinedwithacross-culturalbroughttotheysisofculturespastandpresent，makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Notes：有時(shí)候動(dòng)詞或者句子也會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞：howdiverselanguagescouldbe.Howthisproductcouldbeproduced（五）副詞的處理：直譯：獨(dú)立成句：（六）形容詞性詞的處理正常含義轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞Ved：1.正常含2.獨(dú)立成句：介詞+ ng（介詞不翻譯）二、成分的處理（一）定語(yǔ)（從句）的處理定語(yǔ)從句的解決辦法前置如果定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，信息負(fù)載量不大，翻譯的時(shí)候前置后置如果定語(yǔ)（從句）結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，信息負(fù)載量比較大。多個(gè)定語(yǔ)的處理方式：groundbaseddetectorsattheSouth例句1：Theshark,ahugelysuccessfulfishinevolutionaryterms,withalineagedatingbackmorethan400millionyears,isunderrelentlessattackfromhumans.Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.（三）狀語(yǔ)（從句）的處理狀語(yǔ)從句常?？梢灾苯臃g，但通常把時(shí)間、條件、讓步和原因狀從翻譯到主句之前（四）插入語(yǔ)的處理識(shí)別出具體成分以后再做處理比如：表觀點(diǎn)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)做插入語(yǔ)則可以翻譯到句子開頭。例句：Butthat，Pearsonpointsout，isonlythestartofman-machine（五）形式主語(yǔ)的處理itisnoexaggerationtosaythat…不夸張的說(shuō)itisreportedthat...據(jù)itisimportantthat...重要的是（六）Therebe把英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)后作主語(yǔ)，簡(jiǎn)稱狀語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)ThereisatempleontheTherearetwomonksinthetemple.Thereisacuponthetable.增加“人們、大家、我們”等漢語(yǔ)的泛指主語(yǔ)Thereisno翻譯為漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句（有、出現(xiàn)、存在TherewillbeawarmMetalsaredelibera ymixedtoproducehundredsofnewsubstanceswithdesirablequalitiesnototherwiseavailable.，可以產(chǎn)生數(shù)百種新物質(zhì)。這些物質(zhì)的特性合乎人們。ThefundscanbeonlyobtainedthroughwebsitenototherwiseOtherprocesseswillbediscussed Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago.自然選擇的作 Thisinstinctshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughed 例句6：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上能為所取決于所用信息的數(shù)量，可靠性和適Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.（并列引起的省略）在這些得到解決以前，研究行為的技術(shù)就會(huì)繼續(xù) Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.1：Lovecannotbeforced.【譯文】愛情不能強(qiáng)5：Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatly例6：Thecarhasbeencleaned.【譯文】汽車擦干凈例句1：Althoughlittleisknownabouthowhypnosisworks,ithasbeenmadeuseofinmedical雖 對(duì) ，但該技術(shù)已用于臨床治療（Feelknowbelieveseehear）例句2：Theeducationprogramsshouldbeenrichedtoincludelifeskillsforhealth,safetyandenvironmentalawareness.應(yīng)該豐富教育計(jì)劃，將有利于健康的生活技能，安全問(wèn)題和環(huán)境意識(shí)納入其中。例句：CopiesofKeynesaredustedoff,theFedlowersinterestrates,andtheandCongresscuttaxesandhikespending.Nolargeralterationstotheeconomyare（by等）后的賓語(yǔ)倒譯成漢語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)；例句1：LightandheatcanbegiventousbytheHeatisremovedfromthebodyduring出汗 散發(fā)熱量Abundantexercisesandproblemsareprovidedinthisreference提供了大量的練習(xí)和問(wèn)題Theactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitive（八）比較結(jié)構(gòu)的處理More+肯定，than+否定less+否定，than+肯定例句1：FuturistpoetryismoreofatransientphenomenonthanTheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitive例句1：HeearnsmoremoneythanhecanTheunemploymentratehasfallenfarfasteroverthepastyearthanthetepidrecoveriesinbothcountriesseemtojustify.Notso+原級(jí)+as…=less+原級(jí)+than…=not+JackislesscleverthanTom.JackisnotsocleverasTom.JackisnotclevererthanTom.例句2：Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwithteenagerstheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.雖然在與年輕人的接觸中我們?nèi)菀缀鲆曌约旱男袨閷?duì)他們的性情所產(chǎn)生的影響，然而在與成年人打交道時(shí)這種情況就不那么容易發(fā)生。Notsomuch…notsomuchAasBAB。沒有比較的意思，只是單純的闡述觀點(diǎn)。TheconveniencesthatAmericansdesirereflectnotsomuchaleisurelylifestyleasabusylifestyleinwhichevenminutesoftimearetoovaluabletobewasted.企業(yè)缺乏的不是質(zhì)量控制的能力而是企業(yè)的社會(huì)責(zé)任qualitycontrolless…more…與其說(shuō)…不如說(shuō)Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasaninlectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.（InterestarisenlessthroughAmorefromB.雙方否定句Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinNobodywithanysenseexpectstofindthewholetruthinjobadvertisementanymorethanheexpectsamanapplyingforajobtodescribehis ingsandmoreseriousfaults.Heseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.7morethan①+數(shù)字：多于，超②+名詞、動(dòng)詞：不僅僅，不③+形容詞、副詞：很，非例句1：TheymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirManagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatinga刻意訓(xùn)練不只是涉及刻意的重復(fù)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)

PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoShakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama.（46）BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,schoolorganizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment;and（47）noboywhowentagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold,thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul’sandtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.（48）buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.（49）Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants.（50）Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.PartC（10莎士比亞出生之際，歐洲的戲劇正在消逝，古典悲劇和喜劇催生了一系列新戲劇形式任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來(lái)榮耀，而且也可能給英國(guó)帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)。但專業(yè)表演公司的常駐劇場(chǎng)生意興隆，有文學(xué)抱負(fù)的大學(xué)生很快奔向它們，并將其作為謀生。一種本土的戲劇文學(xué)就此誕生，并且它與公共劇院的已經(jīng)建立起來(lái)，至少一些偉為了認(rèn)識(shí)到戲劇活動(dòng)曾有多么偉大，我們還必須記住，許多劇本業(yè)已丟失，而且很可能沒有任何一位知名劇作家的所有作品都留存至今。

PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyontheANSWERSHEET.（10hasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurther,therearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturalchangescouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol.Hisysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,（48）manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherIflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagessuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.（49）ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestotheUK’sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly￡1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandourothereducationrelatedexportsearnupto￡10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglishspeakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant.（50）ItgivesabasistoallorganizationswhichseektopromotethelearninganduseofEnglish,abasisforplanningtomeetpossibilitiesofwhatcouldbeaverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.PartC（10但即使英語(yǔ)使用者的人群進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，依然有跡象表明在可預(yù)見的未來(lái)，英語(yǔ)在世界的主導(dǎo)地位可能會(huì)淡化。對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)的國(guó)際地位無(wú)懈可擊、所以覺得英國(guó)的年輕一代不需要學(xué)習(xí)其他語(yǔ)言的人而言，他的分析可能會(huì)給他們的驕傲自大畫上一個(gè)句號(hào)。許多國(guó)家正在將英語(yǔ)引入小學(xué)課程，但是英國(guó)學(xué)童和學(xué)生似乎沒有被地鼓勵(lì)去學(xué)會(huì)流利地使用其他語(yǔ)言。大衛(wèi)格拉多爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的變化對(duì)向其他國(guó)家提供英語(yǔ)教育的英國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)及整個(gè)教育產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了顯而易見的重大。這給所有致力于推廣英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和使用的機(jī)構(gòu)提供了一個(gè)制訂規(guī)劃的依據(jù)，讓我們能夠應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)可能會(huì)完全不同的操作環(huán)境里出現(xiàn)的各種可能性。

PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.（10Mentalhealthisourbirthright.（46）Wedon’thavetolearnhowtobementallyhealthy;itisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtohealacutormend,abrokenbone.Mentalhealthcan’tbelearned,onlyreawakened.Itislikeimmunesystemofthebody,whichunderstressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus.Whenwedon’tunderstandthevalueofmentalhealthandwedon’tknowhowtogainaccesstoit,mentalhealthwillremainhiddenfromus.（47）Ourmentalhealthdoesn’tgoanywhere;likethesunbehindacloud,itcanbetemporarilyhiddenfromview,butitisfullycapableofbeingrestoredinaninstant.Mentalhealthistheseedthatcontainsself-esteem–confidenceinourselvesandanabilitytotrustinourcommonsense.Itallowsustohaveonourlives-theabilitytonottakeourselvestooseriously,tolaughatourselves,toseethebiggerpicture,andtoseethatthingswillworkout.It’saformofinnateorunlearnedoptimism.（48）Mentalhealthallowsustoviewotherswithsympathyiftheyarehavingtroubles,withkindnessiftheyareinpain,andwithunconditionallovenomatterwhotheyare.Mentalhealthisthesourceofcreativityforsolvingproblems,resolving ,makingoursurroundingsmorebeautiful,managingourhomelife,orcomingupwithacreativebusinessideaorinventiontomakeourliveseasier.Itgivesuspatienceforourselves.Andtowardothersaswellaspatiencewhiledriving,catchingafish,workingonourcar,orraisingachild.Itallowsustoseethebeautythatsurroundsuseachmomentinnature,inculture,intheflowofourdailylives.（49）Althoughmentalhealthisthecure-allforlivingourlives,itisperfectingordinaryasyouwillseethatithasbeentheretodirectyouthroughallyourdifficultdecisions.Ithasbeenavailableeveninthemostmundaneoflifesituationstoshowyourightfromwrong,goodfrombad,friendfromfoe.Mentalhealthhascommonlybeencalledconscience,instinct,wisdom,commonsense,ortheinnervoice,wethinkofitsimplyasahealthandhelpfulflowofinligentthough.50）Asyouwillcometosee,knowingthatmentalhealthisalwaysavailableandknowingtotrustitallowustoslowdowntothemomentandlivelifehappily.我們沒有必要一定要學(xué)會(huì)如何做到心理健康，這種能力是與生俱來(lái)的，就好像我們的身體知道如何愈合傷口，如何修復(fù)斷骨一樣。我們的心理健康并不是真的離開了我們，它好像是云朵背后的陽(yáng)光，暫時(shí)躲開了們的視線；但是它也可以在瞬間重回我們的視野心理健康使我們?cè)谒擞龅铰闊r(shí)給予同情，在他人痛苦時(shí)，展示好意無(wú)論他們是誰(shuí)，都提供無(wú)條件關(guān)愛。你的生活中指導(dǎo)你面對(duì)各種的決定。幾句經(jīng)典的話：ButeverybodyknowsObamaneedsaliberaltostopthecourtfrommovingfurthertotherightthanitalreadyhasunderJohnRoberts,thepresentchiefjustice,amanmorestealth-bomberthanaircraft-carrier,whoseprofessionsofjudicialmodestyduringhisownconfirmationhearingsin2005gavelittleinklingofthecontroversialdecisionsoverwhichhehassincepresided.2）Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Islamiclawisaphenomenonsodifferentfromallotherformsoflaw—notwithstanding，ofcourse，aconsiderableandinevitablenumberofcoincidenceswithoneortheotherofthemasfarassubjectmatterandpositiveenactmentsareconcerned—thatitsstudyisindispensableinordertoappreciateadequa ythefullrangeofpossiblelegalphenomena.Anyoneconsideringtakingpartinaworkoftransformationofthoseformsofolderartwhichseemtousinmanywaysunsatisfactory,sothattheyshouldbemoreinturnwiththechangingtimes,andanyonewhodoesnotquailattheprospectofseekingoutnewformsofexpressionfornewmaterialsandnewbuildingfunction,willfindspiritualkinship,observing

PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.（10Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—onethegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.（46）Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.（47）TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customsandnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Duten,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.（48）ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.（49）ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Intheme ,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.（50）Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.46）在多種強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)下，這次運(yùn)動(dòng)在一片荒野上建起了一個(gè)國(guó)家，從根本上講造了一個(gè)未知大陸的性格和命運(yùn)47）是兩種主要力量的產(chǎn)物；第一種力量是：思想習(xí)俗、民族特色各異的歐洲；但具有著特有的地理?xiàng)l件,不同民族之間相互作用,在原始舊世界在15-16世紀(jì)的探索的一百多年之后，第一批乘船橫渡駛向現(xiàn)在的擁有豐富多樣樹種的原始森林是一個(gè)真正的寶庫(kù)，它從緬因州一直延伸到喬治亞州

SectionIIIReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.（10Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothe atdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical, ,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.（46tisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicBeethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.（47）Byallaccountshewasafreethinking ,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.Thiscourageousattitudeinfact esarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.（48）Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanintensecrescendoandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviourandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.（49）Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofalexpression.Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofcatharsis.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.（50）OnecouldparaphrasemuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.大家都說(shuō)（從各個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，他都是個(gè)思想自由的勇者。我認(rèn)為理解他的作品必須具備這一品質(zhì)，演奏他的作品就更是如此。貝多芬習(xí)慣用漸強(qiáng)來(lái)增大音量，然后突然緊接舒緩的曲段，這是之前的作人們也以將貝多芬的大多數(shù)作品解釋成：苦難在所難免，但勇于抗?fàn)幗o生命

SectionIIIReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoItisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;（46）yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.（47）Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,theformer esallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone’srelationtoone’senvironment.（48）Thegardensofthehomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintroduceformintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insongtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromissointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,（49）mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingardenandfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementofmaterials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.（50）Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofwordgarden,thoughina“l(fā)iberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia—ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife—assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.但是，當(dāng)一個(gè)人看到由無(wú)家可歸者所修建的花園時(shí),他一定會(huì)被這些花園多樣風(fēng)格所打動(dòng)，這些花園體現(xiàn)了裝飾和創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)之外的各種其他的基本需求這是一處神圣的平和之所，無(wú)論這個(gè)地方有簡(jiǎn)陋，這也明顯是人類特有的無(wú)家可歸者建造的花園實(shí)際上就是沒有可循的花園，這種花園將一種建筑形式引入到了都市的環(huán)境之中，在這種環(huán)境下，這種形式之前要么是不存在的，要么就是沒有被這樣辨識(shí)出來(lái)。

SectionⅢReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.（10points）SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework.（46）Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseek