波形監(jiān)視器在數(shù)字電視中應(yīng)用

波形監(jiān)視器在數(shù)字電視中的應(yīng)用王偉泰克科技(中國)有限公司視頻測試部October2000Footer/Optional2RGBCompositeEncoderAtoD

ConvYR-YB-YSerializerSerializerClockX10YCRCB10BitsParallel

DigitalComponent

27MB/sec.1485GB/SecSerialDigitalComposite

143Mb/sec(NTSC)177Mb/sec(PAL)D2andD3ParallelDigitalComposite

PAL=17.7MB/sec

NTSC=14.3MB/sec4Fsc

(PAL=17.7MHz)

(NTSC=14.3MHz)Component

AnalogVideo

(RGB)Analog

Composite

Video

(PAL/NTSC/SECAM)DVD

DigitalVersatile

(Video)DiskAtoD

ConvAudioColorDifference

Component

AnalogVideo

(Y,B-Y,R-Y)MPEG2

SingleProgram

TransportStreamsTransmission

Channel

TxMPEG2

Single

Program

Transport

StreamsTransmissionChannel

Analysis1.Telcoa.SDHb.ATMc.SONET2.Satellitea.DVB-S

(QPSK)3.Cablea.DVB-C

(16,32or

64QAM)4.Terrestriala.DVB-T

(OFDM)b.ATSC

(8VSB)5.Interneta.Streaming

VideoMPEG2

Generation,Analysis

andMonitoringPicture

QualityMonitoringSerialDigitalComponent-D1

ITU-RBT.601(SMPTE259M)

270Mb/sec

ITU-RBT.709(SMPTE292M)

1.485Gb/secMPEG2

Program

StreamDataDataAnalogCompositeVideo

(PAL/NTSC/SECAM)AtoD

ConvMultiplexed27MB/sec

Multiplexed.1485GB/sec

CB/Y/CR/Y/CB/Y

10BitsParallel6.75MHz

37.125MHz

SampleRateforCB

andCR13.5MHz

74.25MHz

Sample

RateforY270MHz

1.485GHzVQoS

(VideoQualityofService)SerialDigitalComponent-D1

ITU-RBT.601(SMPTE259M)

270Mb/sec

ITU-RBT.709(SMPTE292M)

1.485Gb/secAudioDe-MultiplexerTransmission

Channel

RxMultiplexerMPEG2

Multi-

Program

TransportStream

MPEG2

Audio

Video

Encoder

MPEG2

Video

Audio

Decoder10Bits

ParallelAtoD

ConvY,B-Y,R-YScaledtoY,CB,CRMatrix3視頻基礎(chǔ)知識

MatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerRGB270MHzYR-YB-Y6.75MHz

SampleRateforB-Y

andR-Y13.5MHz

Sample

RateforYSerializerClockX10ITU-RBT.601-2

SerialDigital

Component

270Mb/secYR-YB-Y10BitsParallelITU-RBT.601-2

ParallelDigitalComponent

27MB/secSerialDigitalComposite

143Mb/sec(NTSC)177Mb/sec(PAL)ParallelDigitalComposite

PAL=17.7MHz

NTSC=14.3MHzMultiplexed27MB/sec

B-Y/Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y

10BitsParallel4Fsc

(PAL=17.7MHz)

(NTSC=14.3MHz)Component

AnalogVideo

(RGB)Analog

Composite

Video

(PAL/NTSC)MPEG2

Program

EncoderDVD

DigitalVersatile

(Video)DiskAtoD

ConvAudioColorDifference

Component

AnalogVideo

(Y,B-Y,R-Y)MPEG2

Protocol

TransportStreamTransmission

Channel

TxTransmission

Channel

RxMPEG2

Program

DecoderMPEG2

Protocol

TransportStreamTransmissionChannelAnalysisSDH,ATM,SONETorModulatedRFSignals.MPEG2

Protocol

AnalysisPicture

Quality

AnalysisITU-RBT.601-2SerialDigital

Component270Mb/secMPEG2

Protocol

ProgramStreamDataDataAnalogComposite

Video(PAL/NTSC)AtoD

ConvAtoD

Conv模擬分量模擬復(fù)合數(shù)字復(fù)合數(shù)字分量MPEG4096x21603840x2160ImageSizeMatters1920x10801280x720720x480720x57644KVideoTestandMonitoringSolutionOverviewOctober2000Footer/Optional5VideoFormatsSummary

RGBComponentAnalogVideo(RGB)4xFscSample(PAL=17.7MHz)(NTSC=14.4MHz)ClockX10ComponentAnalogVideo(R-Y,B-Y,Y)YB-YR-Y10bits6.75MHzSample13.5MHzSampleMultiplexed27Mbytes/Sec...Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y...ClockX10D1ParallelDigitalComponentD1SerialDigitalComponent270Mb/SecD2SerialDigitalComposite(144Mb/Sec)(177Mb/Sec)D2ParallelDigitalCompositeYB-YR-YCameraMatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerAnalogCompositeVideo(NTSC/PAL)10bitsParallelAtoDConvAtoDConvAtoDConvSerializerOctober2000Footer/Optional6CbYCrYCbYCrYA/DA/DA/DYPbPr6.75MHz37.125MHz13.5MHz74.25MHz4:2:210Parallel

Bits10BitParallelSamplesat27MB/sParallelto

Serial

Converter270MHz1.485GHz

SerialDigitalComponent

270Mb/s1,485Gb/sCbYCrYCbYCrYITU-BT.R656/SMPTE259M

SMPTE292M串行轉(zhuǎn)并行SD/HDTV–Y,Pb,PrQuantizingand4:2:2

4:2:2Sample,SamplingWord,

DigitalHorizontalLine

(4:2:2取樣,量化字,數(shù)字行)

October2000Footer/Optional8SDTV–SignalCreationStartwithColorDifferenceVideoSignalY-LuminanceB-Y(U)R-Y(V)+714mV(700mV)0mV-286mV(-300mV)+500mV(+490mV)0mV-500mV(-490mV)WHTYELCYNGRNMGTREDBLUBLKCHANNEL1

Y*(Y)CHANNEL2

B-Y*(U)CHANNEL3

R-Y*(V)0mV-636mV(-620mV)+636mV(+620mV)* Derivedfrom714mVRGBsignals

(Derivedfrom700mVRGBsignals-PALrefburstvaluesnotshown)October2000Footer/Optional94:2:2Sampling4:2:21LuminancesampleY2ChrominancesamplesCb,CrOctober2000Footer/Optional10601

取樣

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

linenlinen+263linen+1linen+2644:2:2Sampling

mendationITU-RBT.601(CCIRmendation601)“4”=13.5MHz“2”=6.75MHzCbYCrYCbYCrYVerticalBlankingActiveVideo720pixelsx483linesOctober2000Footer/Optional114:2:2Sampling

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

linenlinen+563linen+1linen+5644:2:2Sampling

mendationITU-RBT.601(CCIRmendation601)“4”=74.25MHz“2”=37.125MHz(“4”=13.5MHz“2”=6.75MHz)CbYCrYCbYCrYVerticalBlankingActiveVideo1920pixelsx1080linesCbYCrYCbYCrYOctober2000Footer/Optional12SDTV–SignalCreation–Sampling,Quantizing(取樣,量化)

Analog

SignalA/DConverter100000111000010100010010100100000011111110000110111111000011SamplingFrequencyNo.ofBitsRepresentingAmplitudeatSamplingPointSample1Sample2Sample3Sample4Sample5Sample6Sample1Sample2Sample3Sample4Sample5Sample6MSBLSBAnalogtoDigitalConversionOctober2000Footer/Optional1374.25MHz(HD)/13.5MHz(SD)luminancesampling,10bitwords1920samples/activeline;(720samples/activeline)877quantizationlevelsforactivevideoBlackatlevel64,peakwhiteatlevel940-51.1mv000ExcludedExcluded766.3mv3FF700.0mv3AC

0.0mv040Black

PeakWhite

6401023940

763.1mv3FC10193

-47.9mv00314亮度分量

10-bit量化超出

766.3mV 3FF 1111111111峰值

700.0mV 3AC 1110101100黑電平

0mV 040 0001000000超出

-51.1mV 000 0000000000

電壓

766.3mV

超出

–非法 763.9mV(107IRE)

不推薦

告警

峰值

700.0mV{October2000Footer/Optional1537.125MHz(HD)/6.75MHz(SD)colordifferencesampling960samples/activeline;(360sample/activeline)897quantizationlevelsforactivevideoZeromvsignalatlevel512ExcludedZeroMax.Neg.Max.PosExcluded-350.0mv040-400.0mv

0000.0mv200+350.0mv3C0+399.2mv

3FF6405121023960+396.1mv3FC1019-396.9mv0033October2000Footer/Optional16標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰度水平行FirstactivepicturesampleLastactivepicturesampleCOMPONENT:Activelinedigitized,EAV/SAVaddedEAVSAV 1712 3FF 000 1715 XYZ 0 Cb 1 Y 2 Cr 3 Y3FF000000XYZXYZWordConveysStart/EndofLine(H),

VerticalBlanking(V),andField(F)October2000Footer/Optional17XYZ字定義

October2000Footer/Optional18XYZ字圖示October2000Footer/Optional19標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰度水平行

EAVSAVEAV4words4words4wordsTOTALLINE1716/1728WORDSfor525/625ANALOGLINEDIGITALACTIVELINE(samefor525/625)1440WORDS(0-1439)276/288

WORDSfor525/625BLANKINGINTERVALOctober2000Footer/Optional20WFM7100的數(shù)據(jù)顯示（SD信號）H消隱期SDSAV3FF,000,000,XYZ有效視頻3FF000,000XYZOctober2000Footer/Optional21SMPTE292HD數(shù)字水平行FirstactivepicturesampleLastactivepicturesampleCOMPONENT:Activelinedigitized,EAV/SAVaddedEAVSAV 3FF 3FF 000 000 000 000 XYZ XYZ 0 Cb 1 Y 2 Cr 3 YXYZWordConveysStart/EndofLine(H),

VerticalBlanking(V),andField(F)3FFC3FFY000C000Y000C000YXYZCXYZYLN0CLN0YLN1CLN1YCRC0YCR0CRC1YCR1October2000Footer/Optional22SMPTE292HD數(shù)字水平行October2000Footer/Optional23InterleavedDataStreamOctober2000Footer/Optional24SMPTE292HD數(shù)字水平行

EAVSAVEAV8words4words8wordsTOTALLINE2640WORDSANALOGLINEDIGITALACTIVELINE1920YWORDS1920Pb/PrWORDS(0-1919)BLANKINGINTERVAL

720YWORDS720Pb/PrWORDS(1920-2639)October2000Footer/Optional25WFM7100的數(shù)據(jù)顯示（HD信號）H消隱期HDSAVCbYCrY3FF,3FF,000,000,000,000,XYZ,XYZ有效視頻3FF000,000XYZ3FF000,000XYZOctober2000Footer/Optional26WFM7100的數(shù)據(jù)顯示（HD信號）ActiveVideoHDEAVCbYCrY3FF,3FF,000,000,000,000,XYZ,XYZLN0(C),LN0(Y),LN1(C),LN1(Y),CCRC0,YCRC0,CCRC1,VCRC1HBlankingInterval3FF000,000XYZLN0LN1CRC0CRC1October2000Footer/Optional27EAV?SAV?SAVEAVOctober2000Footer/Optional28October2000Footer/Optional29

討論提綱波形監(jiān)視器在節(jié)目錄制中的應(yīng)用圖像畫面監(jiān)測立體聲,環(huán)繞聲監(jiān)測其他應(yīng)用波形監(jiān)視器在節(jié)目傳輸中的應(yīng)用誤碼檢測抖動檢測眼圖監(jiān)控加壓測試波形監(jiān)視器在播出中的應(yīng)用波形監(jiān)視器在節(jié)目技審中的應(yīng)用TektronixNewSD/HDWaveform介紹

波形監(jiān)視器在節(jié)目錄制中的應(yīng)用圖像畫面監(jiān)測October2000Footer/Optional311,圖像畫面監(jiān)視00000000000000000010101001010…??October2000Footer/Optional32VideoFormatsSummary

RGBComponentAnalogVideo(RGB)4xFscSample(PAL=17.7MHz)(NTSC=14.4MHz)ClockX10ComponentAnalogVideo(R-Y,B-Y,Y)YB-YR-Y10bits6.75MHzSample13.5MHzSampleMultiplexed27Mbytes/Sec...Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y...ClockX10D1ParallelDigitalComponentD1SerialDigitalComponent270Mb/SecD2SerialDigitalComposite(144Mb/Sec)(177Mb/Sec)D2ParallelDigitalCompositeYB-YR-YCameraMatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerAnalogCompositeVideo(NTSC/PAL)10bitsParallelAtoDConvAtoDConvAtoDConvSerializerOctober2000Footer/Optional33CbYCrYCbYCrYA/DA/DA/DYPbPr6.75MHz37.125MHz13.5MHz74.25MHz4:2:210Parallel

Bits10BitParallelSamplesat27MB/sParallelto

Serial

Converter270MHz1.485GHz

SerialDigitalComponent

270Mb/s1,485Gb/sCbYCrYCbYCrYITU-BT.R656/SMPTE259M

SMPTE292M串行轉(zhuǎn)并行SD/HDTV–Y,Pb,PrQuantizingand4:2:2October2000Footer/Optional341.SDI信號StandardDefinitionClock27MHzHighDefinitionClock148.5MHzevenrates(148.5/1.001)=1.4835MHzoddrates

October2000Footer/Optional351.1,SDI與Analog00000000000000000010101001010…October2000Footer/Optional361.2,Thetraditionalanalogcomposite

measurementmethodisbeingquestionedDe-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvCompositeEncoderDtoA?0000…0000…傳統(tǒng)的模擬復(fù)合測試方法受到質(zhì)疑October2000Footer/Optional371.3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?

?0000…0000…DigitalCamera“眼圖”能否監(jiān)測畫面圖象質(zhì)量？October2000Footer/Optional381.3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?October2000Footer/Optional391.4,WhyisthemethodofmonitoringY,Pb/Prnotappropriate?

?De-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoA10bitsParallelDigitalCamera0000…0000…為何監(jiān)測Y,Pb/Pr方法也不合適

October2000Footer/Optional40

1.4,為何監(jiān)測Y,Pb,Pr方法也不合適

監(jiān)測Y,Pb,Pr的目的?最大電平,最小電平October2000Footer/Optional411.4,Y的最大電平和最小電平720samples/activeline877quantizationlevelsBlackatlevel64,peakwhiteatlevel940-51.1mv000ExcludedExcluded766.3mv3FF700.0mv3AC

0.0mv040BlackPeak

6401023d9403FB10203

003(79_941~10193AD~3FB)60_4~63003~039877_64~940040~3AC763MV-48MVOctober2000Footer/Optional421.4,Pb和Pr的最大電平和最小電平360samples/activeline897quantizationlevelszerosignalatlevel512ExcludedZeroMaxNegMaxPosExcluded-350.0mv040-400.0mV0000.0mv200+350.0mv3C0+399.2mv3FF6405121023d960

3FB1019

0033+398MV-398MVOctober2000Footer/Optional431.4,對Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值監(jiān)測有否任何意義?實驗也證明對任何SDI視頻信號:Y的最大值不會超過+763mv,最小值不會低于-48mvPB,PR的最大值不超過+398mv,最小值不低于-398mv引出的問題:傳統(tǒng)上的對Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值監(jiān)測有否意義?在數(shù)字領(lǐng)域---挑戰(zhàn)!!!合法的Y,PB,PR是否一定有效?即使Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值在規(guī)定的電平范圍之內(nèi)是否一定有效。(是否產(chǎn)生最有效的圖象）October2000Footer/Optional441.5,合法與有效合法與非法:如果視頻信號在其使用格式中，信號電壓在規(guī)定容限之內(nèi)，該信號稱為合法信號。超出規(guī)定容限，則為非法信號。有效與無效有效信號是指處于彩色色域中并在轉(zhuǎn)換為其它格式時仍然保持合法的視頻信號。由有效信號的定義可以看出，有效信號必定是合法信號，而在某一格式中是合法的信號卻不一定是有效信號。October2000Footer/Optional451.5,合法與有效--圖解計算0.000.56-0.35-0.060.270.240.30-0.027-0.05-0.300.37ITU-RBT.601

Y’=0.587G’+0.114B’+0.299R’Pb=0.564(B’-Y’)Pr=0.713(R’-Y’)

R’=Y’+1.403Pr

R’(4)=0.37+1.403X(-0.3)=-0.05(mv)

G’=Y’-0.344Pb-0.714Pr

G’(5)=0.27-0.344X0.24-0.714X0.3=-0.027(mv)

B’=Y’+1.773Pb

B’(2)=0.56+1.773X(-0.35)=-0.06(mv)October2000Footer/Optional461.5,實驗:觀測Y,PB,PR的合法與有效實驗證明對任何視頻信號:即使合法的Y,PB,PR信號在轉(zhuǎn)換成R,G,B后,也可能是無效(非法)信號甚至在所有的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試信號中,也只有彩條信號是有效信號引出的問題:D1各式的數(shù)字視頻信號源之與Y,PB,PR,在還原成R,G,B時也同樣會產(chǎn)生無效信號,即非法彩色信號Y,PB,PR僅僅是中間信號,是由數(shù)學(xué)公式產(chǎn)生的信號,并非是最后還原圖象的信號.R,G,B信號源之于圖象,最后還原成圖象.防止非法彩色是提高數(shù)字視頻質(zhì)量的一個新課題.October2000Footer/Optional471.6Chromaticity(色度)Formatslimitcolourrange各種格式限制了色域的范圍Carehastobetakenwhenconvertingbetweenformats在視頻格式轉(zhuǎn)換中,必須關(guān)注是否超越相應(yīng)的色域范圍October2000Footer/Optional481.6,Chromaticity(色度)700546.1435.8October2000Footer/Optional491.6,R’G’B’與Y’P’bP’r色域空間ReproduciblecolorsmustbeinsidethecubeRed

GreenandBlueareindependentY’P’bP’rReproduciblecolorsmustbeinsideparallelepipedY,PbandPrareNOTindependent!ITU-RBT.601

Y’=0.299R’+0.587G’+0.114B’Y’=0.587G’+0.114B’+0.299R’R’-Y’=0.701R’-0.587G’-0.114B’Pb=0.564(B’-Y’)

B’-Y’=-0.299R’-0.587G’+0.886B’Pr=0.713(R’-Y’)

October2000Footer/Optional501.6,Forcorrectcolorgamut,

---R'G'Bshouldbethesignalstobefocused.

在所有合法的Y,PB,PR信號中,只有25%左右是有效的對準(zhǔn)確的顯示色域而言---R’G’B’應(yīng)是我們最關(guān)注的信號AmongalllegalY,PB,PRsignals,onlyabout25%arevalid.

October2000Footer/Optional511.6,MonitoringR,G,Bisthemostidealandscientificmethod.

De-serializeBRGDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoA0000…0000…監(jiān)測R,G,B才是最合理,最科學(xué)的方法October2000Footer/Optional521.6,Gamutmonitoring—thetraditionalway

WhiteGamutBlackGamut傳統(tǒng)的RGB波形監(jiān)測方法October2000Footer/Optional531.6,DirectdisplayofR,G,BinSDIsignalsdiamonddisplayDe-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvCompositeEncoderDtoA0000…0000…R,G,B在SDI信號中的直接顯示--鉆石顯示October2000Footer/Optional541.6.1,PerfectGamutmonitoring—Diamonddisplay

Gamut色域配置菜單可選擇色域容限(完美的顯示色域的監(jiān)視—鉆石顯示)October2000Footer/Optional551.6.1,HowtheDiamonddisplayisformedOctober2000Footer/Optional561.6.1,HowtheDiamonddisplayisformed

鉆石顯示的形成

October2000Footer/Optional571.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay

_100%ColorBarOctober2000Footer/Optional581.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay

_100%ColorBarOctober2000Footer/Optional591.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayRErrorRRedAmplitudeErrorBGGR蘭通道中的黑偏置BGGOctober2000Footer/Optional601.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay藍(lán)色底電平超標(biāo)，圖像層次感差October2000Footer/Optional611.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayLiveandtestsignalsEasyfaultisolationGGRBOctober2000Footer/Optional621.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional631.6.2,Application–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional641.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional651.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional661.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional67菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點在菱形顯示中，顯示圖像信號的綠色光跡亮暗程度和面積大小是隨圖像信號的不斷變化而變化根據(jù)信號顯示的綠色光跡亮暗程度和面積大小就可以直觀地判斷節(jié)目圖像質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣菱形顯示不僅能監(jiān)測圖像信號是否超過規(guī)定的色域標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且,即使是圖像信號未超標(biāo)的節(jié)目,菱形顯示也能直觀地顯示圖像質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣,這是菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的明顯特點October2000Footer/Optional68綠色光跡面積越大,說明圖像顏色越豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越好菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional69

綠色光跡面積越大,說明圖像顏色越豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越好菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional70綠色光跡面積越大,說明圖像顏色越豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越好菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional71綠色光跡面積越小,說明圖像顏色越不豐富、亮度和色彩飽和度越差菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional72綠色光跡面積越小,說明圖像顏色越不豐富、色彩飽和度越差、亮度低、色彩單調(diào)菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional73綠色光跡面積越小,說明圖像顏色越不豐富、色彩飽和度越差、亮度低、色彩單調(diào)菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional74綠色光跡越明亮的地方,說明圖像分量信號越集中（越多),圖像的亮度層次和色彩飽和度越好綠色光跡越暗淡的地方，說明圖像分量信號越不集中（越少），圖像的亮度層次和色彩飽和度越差菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional75

綠色光跡向外伸展的越長、在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)線以外伸展的越遠(yuǎn),說明圖像的某些分量信號幅度越大菱形顯示優(yōu)于其他顯示方式的特點October2000Footer/Optional76超標(biāo)信號的菱形顯示凡是在藍(lán)色線框以外顯示的信號光跡都是超標(biāo)的圖像信號October2000Footer/Optional771.6.3,信號光跡面積與畫面質(zhì)量綠色光跡面積小圖像色彩不豐富亮度層次差色彩飽和度差綠色光跡面積大圖像色彩豐富亮度層次好色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional781.6.3,信號光跡面積大,亮度和色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional791.6.3,信號光跡面積小,亮度和色彩飽和度差October2000Footer/Optional801.6.3,信號光跡面積大,色彩豐富October2000Footer/Optional811.6.3,信號光跡面積小,色彩單調(diào)October2000Footer/Optional821.6.3,信號光跡面積大,色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional831.6.3,信號光跡面積小,亮度和色彩飽和度差October2000Footer/Optional841.6.3,信號光跡面積大,亮度和色彩飽和度好October2000Footer/Optional85

1.6.3,信號光跡面積小,亮度和色彩飽和度差October2000Footer/Optional86紅色分量信號超標(biāo)的菱形顯示顯示在“R”方向藍(lán)色線框以外的信號光跡，則是紅色分量信號超標(biāo)，造成紅色信號非法October2000Footer/Optional87藍(lán)色分量信號超標(biāo)的菱形顯示顯示在“B”方向藍(lán)色線框以外，則是藍(lán)色分量信號超標(biāo)，造成藍(lán)色信號非法October2000Footer/Optional88藍(lán)色分量信號超標(biāo)的菱形顯示October2000Footer/Optional89綠色分量信號超標(biāo)的菱形顯示顯示在“G”方向藍(lán)色線框以外，是綠色分量信號超標(biāo)，造成綠色信號非法October2000Footer/Optional90亮度信號超標(biāo)的菱形顯示在上下菱形圖中間垂直線上顯示的信號光跡如果超過兩個菱形藍(lán)色線框的兩個頂點，說明白電平過高，造成亮度信號（Y）超標(biāo)October2000Footer/Optional91YRGB分量信號均超標(biāo)的菱形顯示YRGB

分量信號均超標(biāo)October2000Footer/Optional92信號負(fù)向超標(biāo)的菱形顯示顯示在“B”和“R”負(fù)方向藍(lán)色線框以外，則是藍(lán)色和紅色信號負(fù)向超標(biāo)October2000Footer/Optional93

藍(lán)色(B)和紅色(R)信號負(fù)向超標(biāo)October2000Footer/Optional94藍(lán)色(B)信號負(fù)向超標(biāo)October2000Footer/Optional95底電平超標(biāo)的菱形顯示藍(lán)色底電平過高造成圖像層次感差,畫面有霧狀感,清晰度差,畫面不透亮October2000Footer/Optional96菱形顯示菱形顯示是監(jiān)測SDI信號是否超過規(guī)定的RGB分量信號標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(-35~735mv)October2000Footer/Optional97黑電平與消隱電平差稱為底電平

黑電平與消隱電平在顯像管上都使電子束不發(fā)射而呈現(xiàn)黑色，但兩者的電平值可以不相同黑電平是對應(yīng)圖像內(nèi)容而言，圖像最亮部分信號電平為白電平，最黑就是黑電平消隱電平是消隱信號脈沖頂?shù)碾娖?，為了消隱，它至少等于黑電平，也可以比黑電平更黑些消隱電平與黑電平之差稱為黑電平提升(即底電平)，它是針對內(nèi)部信號處理而言O(shè)ctober2000Footer/Optional98

底電平的最佳選擇底電平過高就會使圖像畫面有霧狀感而影響畫面透明度（即畫面不透）；底電平過低也會造成黑切割,畫面反差大而影響層次感根據(jù)攝像機生產(chǎn)廠家的推薦和有經(jīng)驗的攝像師使用經(jīng)驗，底電平控制在視頻電平幅度的1%左右（即5-10mv）是比較好的October2000Footer/Optional991.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorsshown(Overred)

(黑平衡不正確(偏紅)的鉆石顯示)防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調(diào)整和監(jiān)視鉆石顯示–攝像機的平衡黑色中心白色頂點白色頂點AEUFebruary2010-TektronixConfidentialClassTitleV10ColorCorrectionandGamutMonitoring100鉆石顯示–攝像機平衡的紅錯誤偏離中心指示在這種情況下紅增益不正確造成色平衡錯誤偏離中心表明紅通道的黑偏移造成色平衡錯誤AEUFebruary2010-TektronixConfidentialClassTitleV10ColorCorrectionandGamutMonitoring101October2000Footer/Optional1021.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(Overred)

黑平衡不正確造成實際圖像信號偏紅的鉆石顯示防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調(diào)整和監(jiān)視October2000Footer/Optional1031.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(overblue)

黑平衡不正確造成實際圖像信號偏藍(lán)的鉆石顯示防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調(diào)整和監(jiān)視October2000Footer/Optional1041.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(overGreen)

黑平衡不正確造成實際圖像信號偏綠的鉆石顯示防止非法彩色—攝像機的黑平衡調(diào)整和監(jiān)視October2000Footer/Optional1051.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CameragammacalibrationandgreyscaletracingAlumagrayscalesignalproducesaverticallineBalanceerrorsshownbybending防止非法彩色—攝像機的伽瑪校正和灰度跟蹤October2000Footer/Optional1061.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CameragammacalibrationandgreyscaletracingThebluechannelofthecamerahasbeengammaconfigured.Wecanseefromthebottomrightwindowofthedisplaythatthescenepictureissomewhattooblue.

該攝像機的蘭色通道已作伽瑪設(shè)置，由屏幕右下方窗口可看出場景圖像有些偏蘭

October2000Footer/Optional1071.6.5,TimingErrorswiththeDiamonddisplayBowingindicatesatimingerror彎曲指示定時錯誤Diamondcanonlyindicatetimingerrors鉆石顯示只能給出定時錯誤的指示(>20ns)October2000Footer/Optional1081.7,CompositeGamutusingArrowhead箭頭顯示SimplifiescompositegamutwithouttheneedforanencoderSelectablethresholdlimitsLumaverticalChromahorizontalSelectablePALorNTSCgraticuleUsedwithbothliveandtestsignalsAdjustableAlarmlimitsLumaChromaOctober2000Footer/Optional1091.7.1,ConstructionofArrowhead

NTSCPALOctober2000Footer/Optional1101.7.1,ConstructionofArrowhead

箭頭顯示介紹October2000Footer/Optional111931931826700651385315490-126-231-231062349041328721077O-CYCF＝Y(jié)+CF＝Y(jié)-CC167o283o241o61o103o347o308441413413441308October2000Footer/Optional1121.7.2,LumaGamutMonitoringwithArrowheadLowerLumaLimitLowerLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLumaLimitOctober2000Footer/Optional1131.7.3,GamutMonitoringComposite—ArrowheaddisplayChromaGamutLumaGamutConfigurationMenuSelectableGamutThresholdsOctober2000Footer/Optional1141.7.3,GamutMonitoringComposite—ArrowheaddisplayWhiteBlackChroma100IRELumaOctober2000Footer/Optional1151.7.3,Application–Diamonddisplay

實際圖象的箭頭顯示Arrowheaddisplaycanalsobeusedtomonitorifthevideosignalgooverthelimitinthecompositeformat.Thefigureisaexample,usingtheWFM700ArrowheaddisplayfunctiontomonitortheNTSCsignal.(箭頭顯示也可用來監(jiān)視實際視頻信號在復(fù)合格式中的色域越限狀況。右圖是用WFM7100的箭頭顯示監(jiān)視NTSC制實際視頻信號的實例。)October2000Footer/Optional116超標(biāo)信號的箭頭顯示被測圖像信號的復(fù)合色域在垂直方向超出了721mv（103%）跡線，說明亮度信號（Y）超標(biāo)；在Y+C方向的復(fù)合全電視信號也超出了800mv斜線，說明該圖像復(fù)合色域超標(biāo)具體是哪種顏色超標(biāo)，需根據(jù)超標(biāo)信號光跡在800mv斜線以外從上到下的不同位置而定，因為斜線上自上而下分別是黃、青、綠、品紅、紅和藍(lán)色等各種顏色October2000Footer/Optional117白電平超標(biāo)的箭頭顯示亮度信號正向和負(fù)向均超標(biāo)October2000Footer/Optional118圖像中信號超標(biāo)的部位當(dāng)“超標(biāo)信號突顯”功能設(shè)置后，圖像中超標(biāo)部分的信號像素顯示為馬賽克，這樣就可以清楚地辯別出畫面中哪些部位的圖像信號超標(biāo).下圖中顯示為馬賽克狀態(tài)的部位就是亮度信號超標(biāo)的圖像信號October2000Footer/Optional119超標(biāo)圖像中哪些部位信號超標(biāo)根據(jù)突顯的超標(biāo)畫面位置,拍攝時或后期加工時均可對突顯部位的用光加以調(diào)整和處理,以確保畫面圖像信號技術(shù)質(zhì)量October2000Footer/Optional120箭頭顯示箭頭顯示則是監(jiān)測SDI信號轉(zhuǎn)換為模擬復(fù)合信號時，復(fù)合全電視信號是否超過規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(800mv)October2000Footer/Optional1218,EBU-R103-2000October2000Footer/Optional1228,EBU-R103ForGamutLevelsEBU-R103–SpecifiesasetofrequirementsforGamutlimitsofasignalRGBGamutUpperLimit105%LowerLimit-5%Area1%CompositeGamutUpperLimit932mvLowerLimit-221mvArea0%LumaGamutUpperLimit103%LowerLimit-1%Area1%LowerLumaLimitLowerLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLumaLimit576X720=414’720(象素)414’720X001=4’147.2(象素)October2000Footer/Optional123

October2000Footer/Optional124數(shù)字節(jié)目技術(shù)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測的依據(jù)和使用的監(jiān)測儀器數(shù)字節(jié)目技術(shù)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測，就標(biāo)清節(jié)目而言，是依據(jù)最新行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GY/T223-2007《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰度數(shù)字電視節(jié)目錄像磁帶錄制規(guī)范》中的視音頻參數(shù)相關(guān)規(guī)定，使用具有色域監(jiān)測功能的監(jiān)測儀對相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行檢測來確保節(jié)目技術(shù)質(zhì)量。例如：RGB信號幅度-35mv~735mv亮度信號(Y)幅度-7mv~721mv模擬復(fù)合信號電平最大值800mv底電平信號幅度0~50mv節(jié)目語言電平最大值≤-12dBFS節(jié)目電平最大值≤-6dBFS等在全國“金帆獎”評選中，就是依據(jù)上述視音頻參數(shù)的相關(guān)規(guī)定對節(jié)目進(jìn)行客觀測試

October2000Footer/Optional125Conclusion(總結(jié))1,SDIvs.

Analog2,Thetraditionalanalogcompositemeasurementmethodisbeingquestioned

傳統(tǒng)的模擬復(fù)合測試方法受到質(zhì)疑3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?

“眼圖”能否監(jiān)測畫面圖象質(zhì)量？4,WhyisthemethodofmonitoringY,Pb/Prnotappropriate?

為何監(jiān)測Y,Pb,Pr方法也不全面TheMaxandMinlevelofY,Pb/Pr

(Y,Pb和Pr的最大電平和最小電平)LegalandValid(合法與有效)5,Chromaticity(色度)6,MonitoringR,G,Bisthemostidealandscientificmethod.R,G,B才是最合理,最科學(xué)的監(jiān)測方法Diamonddisplay鉆石顯示Preventingillegalcolors(如何防止非法彩色)7,CompositeGamutusingArrowhead(箭頭顯示介紹)8,EBU-R103Standard

波形監(jiān)視器在節(jié)目錄制中的應(yīng)立體聲,環(huán)繞聲監(jiān)測October2000Footer/Optional1272,立體聲,環(huán)繞聲監(jiān)測October2000Footer/Optional1282.1,LissajousDisplay左聲道和右聲道音頻信號在

X-Y軸上顯示類似矢量示波器顯示Rotateby45oX-YDisplaySoundStageDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional1292.1,LissajousDisplay幅度和相位都相同的單音頻信號幅度和相位相同，但極性相反的單音頻信號PhaseMeterIndicatescorrelationbetweenchannelsOctober2000Footer/Optional1302.1,LissajousDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional1312.1,LissajousDisplayIncorrectAmplitudeinoneofthechannelsIncorrectFrequencyinoneofthechannelsOctober2000Footer/Optional1322.1LissajousDisplay-能量分布具有很好相關(guān)性的立體聲信號左聲道信號較強的立體聲信號October2000Footer/Optional1332.1Lissaj