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2022屆全國新高考英語沖刺精品復(fù)習(xí)數(shù)詞(NUMERAL)數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞(CardinalNumeral)和序數(shù)詞(OrdinalNumeral)兩種。基數(shù)詞用于計(jì)數(shù),序數(shù)詞用于表示位置或順序。一、基數(shù)詞.基數(shù)詞中1?12是獨(dú)立單詞,13?19的基數(shù)詞以后綴-teen結(jié)尾,20?90八個(gè)整十位數(shù)詞以后綴-ty結(jié)尾thirteen13,fifteen15(不是fiveteen),forty40(不是fourty)Fifteenshipsanchoredamileoffthecoast.有15艘船拋錨停泊在離岸1英里的地方。.表示其他兩位數(shù)詞,十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間需用連字號(hào)twenty-three23,seventy-five75,ninety-two92Heownstwenty-fivesharesinthecompany.他在這家公司里擁有25股。.百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)之間,在英式英語中要用“and”連接,在美式英語中一般不用3,456threethousandfourhundred(and)fifty-sixShepaidsixthousandsevenhundredandforty-eightyuandownforthehouse.她分期付款買房子時(shí),先付了6748元定金。Ihateridingtwoonabike.我不喜歡騎車帶人。Peoplewerethreeorfourdeepinthesupermarket.商場(chǎng)里的人里三層夕卜三層。IntheWest,sittingdownthirteenatdinnerisunlucky.在西方,坐在13號(hào)臺(tái)用餐是不吉利的。2注意下面基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換:Sections5-8―thefifthtoeighthsections第5至第8局部Exercise3一thethirdex.練習(xí)3TableIX—theninthtable表9Diagram7一theseventhdiag.圖表7③注意下面的說法:$8。-$100一eightytoonehundreddollars80至100美元10%-15%^10to15percent10%至15%Chapters3,8,10一Chs.3,8,10第3、第8和第10章Paragraphs5-7-Pars.5-7第5至第7段Lines8-15―LL./11.8-15第8至第15行Pages333-388―PP./pp.333-388第333至第388頁④numberone可以表示“最好的,最重要的”。例如:Itisnumberonerestaurantinthetown.這是城里最好的飯店。(二thebest)Heisthenumberonemaninthecompany.他是公司里最重要的人物。(=themostimportant)io二、序數(shù)詞.一般序數(shù)詞的形式序數(shù)詞中除了前三個(gè)(first,second,third)形式特殊以外,其余序數(shù)詞都以-th結(jié)尾。例如:fourth,sixth,tenth等。fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth的拼寫有變化。.以-ty結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞如何變成序數(shù)詞以-ty結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí),需將-y改為-i再加-eth。例如:twentieth,thirtieth等。.兩位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞如何變成序數(shù)詞兩位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí),只需將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞,十位數(shù)不變。例如:twenty-one一twenty-first,sixty-five一sixty-fifth等。【提示】“百、千、百萬、10億”的序數(shù)詞為:hundredth,thousandth,millionth,billiontho.序數(shù)詞的縮寫序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式,由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成。例如:first-1st,second-2nd,third―3rd,eightieth-80th等。.序數(shù)詞的一些慣用法asecondcousin父母的堂/表兄弟姐妹所生的兒子/女兒Sheisfitstcousintome.她是我的(第一代)堂/表姐妹。Theseareallfitsts.這些都是一等品。Thesebowlsareseconds.這些碗都是次品。Doesanyonewantseconds?誰要再添一份菜?Thefirsttwoaregood.開li頭兩個(gè)很好。Shegot/tookafirstinmathematics.她數(shù)學(xué)得了第一名。Shesatatthelastseatbutone.她坐在倒數(shù)第二個(gè)座位上。(nexttothelastseat)Twodogsfightforabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit.鶴蚌相爭,漁翁得利。Itisthesecondmostinterestingnovel,butnotthefirstbestone.在最有趣的小說中,這本書名列第二,但不是第一。(序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí))Theoldmanhasfourdaughters.Oneisanurse,asecondisateacher,athirdisamusician,thefourthisapainter.老人有四個(gè)女JL。第一個(gè)是護(hù)士,第二個(gè)是教師,第三個(gè)是音樂家,第四個(gè)是畫家。(a+序數(shù)詞,the+序數(shù)詞)Sheisthirdbeststudentinclass.她在班上名列第三。(序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí))Thefirstthreechaptersarewell-written.頭三章寫得好。(序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞)Businessfirstandpleasureafterwards.先做事,后娛樂。Firstcome,firstserved.先到者優(yōu)先。Heshiftedintofirstanddroveoff.他掛上1擋,把車開走了。12Shechangedfromthirdtofourth.她從3擋換至U4擋。Onsecondthought(s),hedecidedtogiveupthejob.再三考慮后他決定放棄那份工作。Don'tgiveitasecondthought.不要再想它了。(=again)Shewantsasecondpairofshoes?她要另——雙鞋子。(=another)Shetalkedwithhimasecondtime.她同他又談了一次。(=again)HeissecondtononeinspokenEnglish.他的英語口語不比任何人差。Ihaveknownher,firstandlast,fortwentyyears.我認(rèn)識(shí)她總共有20年了。Helikedmathsfromthefirst.他從一開始就喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。Alotofthepaper'sstorieswerefirsts.這家報(bào)紙的許多報(bào)道都是首次見報(bào)的新聞。Pminafirst,nextcarriagealongthetrain.我的座位在頭等車廂,就在下-H-一串。【提示】"三分之一"既可說one-third,也可說athird,下面的兩種說法都對(duì):Hefinishedreadingthebookinone-third/athird(of)thetimeittookme.他讀完這本書用的時(shí)間是我用的三分之一。比擬:thefirsttwospeakers頭兩個(gè)發(fā)言的人thetwofirstgrades兩個(gè)甲級(jí)/兩個(gè)頭等13三、倍數(shù)的表示法.英語中的倍數(shù)既可以表示增加,也可以表示減少表示增加時(shí)包括基數(shù),表示增加后的結(jié)果,相當(dāng)于“乘”的意思;表示減少時(shí),那么相當(dāng)于“除”的意思。漢語的倍數(shù)要考慮是否包括基數(shù)的問題,英語那么不必考慮。1通常說“增加了……倍”,不包括基數(shù),即純?cè)黾樱患僭O(shè)說“增加到……倍”或“是原來的……倍”,那么包括基數(shù)Themachineimprovestheworkingconditionsandraisesefficiencyfourtimes.這臺(tái)機(jī)器改善了勞動(dòng)條件,并使工效提高了3倍。(純?cè)鰯?shù))這臺(tái)機(jī)器改善了勞動(dòng)條件,并使工效提高到4倍。(含基數(shù))2漢語中表示減少一般不用倍數(shù)表述,而用“減少到”……”,”是原來的……”或“減少了???????”Productioncostshavedroppedfourtimes.生產(chǎn)本錢降低了3/4。(純減數(shù))生產(chǎn)本錢降低到1/4o(剩余數(shù)).英語中“兩倍、三倍”等的表示法兩倍常用twice,double,duple,twofold,as...againas表示,在美式英語中還可用twotimes表示,譯為“翻一番”或“為……的兩倍"。三倍常用threetimes,triple,treble,threefold表示,譯為“增加兩倍,增至三倍"或”為?的三倍“。四倍用quadruple,基數(shù)詞+times,基數(shù)詞+fold14表示,譯為“增加三倍,增至四倍”或“為……的四倍”。Youaretwiceherage.你比她的年齡大一倍。Itisworthtwicethevalue.它值這個(gè)價(jià)格的兩倍。Thischairwilleasilyholdtwiceyourweight.這把椅子承受你體重兩倍的重量不成問題。Twotimesfiveisten.5的兩倍是10。Hehaspaidthreetimestheusualprice.他付了正常價(jià)格三倍的錢。Thedriverdemandeddoubletheusualfare.司機(jī)要了比平常多一倍的車費(fèi)。Thisriverisaswideagainasthatriver.這條河的寬度是那條河的兩倍/寬了一倍。Theexportofcarsin2004quadrupledthefigurefor2001.2004年小汽車的出口量為2001年的四倍。Theyhaveproducedfivefoldasmanywashersastheydidlastyear.他們今年生產(chǎn)的洗衣機(jī)數(shù)量相當(dāng)于去年的五倍。Theirgrainshavetrebled/tripledthisyear.他們的糧食今年增產(chǎn)了兩倍。(是……的三倍)【提示】①double(=twofold)可作名詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞:double(包括twice,threetimes等)表示倍數(shù)時(shí),要放在定冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格前,如:doubletheoutput(hisstrength,John's詞、阿如treble(二threefold)可作形容詞和動(dòng)Travelservesthedoubleendofhealthandculture.旅行能起到增進(jìn)健康和提高修養(yǎng)的雙重目的。(句中double15不表示倍數(shù),而是表示“雙重的”,作形容詞)ThemoneyisdoubletheamountIneed.這些錢比我需要的多一倍。(作形容詞)Shehastododoublework.她得做雙份工作。(作形容詞)Thisriverisdoubleasbroadasthatone.這條河有那條河的兩倍寬。(作副詞)Heisdoubleherage.他的歲數(shù)比她大一倍。(作形容詞)Tenisthedoubleoffive.10是5的兩倍。(作名詞)Heisamanofdoublecharacter.他是個(gè)雙重性格的人。Thisshiphasdoublethecapacityofthatone.這艘船的容積是那艘船的兩倍。Hersalaryistreble/doublemine.她的薪水是我的三倍/兩倍。Thepricedoubledbetween2008and2013.在2008—2013年間,價(jià)格上漲了一倍。Thetop-brandcomputersareoftensoldatdoublethenormalpriceintheshop.這家店里名牌電腦的售價(jià)經(jīng)常比正常價(jià)高一倍。2treble和triple通??蓳Q用,但有時(shí)只能用triple,如:thetriplealliance三國同盟。.倍數(shù)比擬的表示法1Xtimes+as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as這個(gè)句型譯為:1A是B的X倍(凈增加X-1倍);②減少到,降低到,減少了,降低了。例如:16RoomAistwiceaswideasRoomB.A房間的寬度是B房間的兩倍。(A比B寬一倍)Thissubstancereactsthreetimesasfastasthatone.這種物質(zhì)的反響速度是那種物質(zhì)的三倍。(比另一物質(zhì)快兩倍)Thisboxisfourtimesaslightasthatbox.這個(gè)盒子比那個(gè)盒子輕3/4□Thetotaloutputofindustryin2003was40timesashighasthatof1970.2003年的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值是1970年的40倍。JackrunsthreetimesasfastasJim.杰克跑的速度是吉姆的三倍。(比??…快兩倍)Asiaisfourtimesasbigas/fourtimesthesizeofEurope.亞洲有歐洲的四倍大。/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。Theyhavetwiceasmanyplanesaswehave.他們的飛機(jī)數(shù)量是我們的兩倍。=Theyhavetwicethenumberofourplanes.2Xtimes+形容詞或副詞比擬級(jí)(greater,longer,faster)+than這個(gè)句型表示:A的大小/數(shù)量/長度/速度.????是B的X倍(或:A比B大、多、長、快…?X-1倍)。例如:AisthreetimeslongerthanB.A比B長兩倍。(是B的三倍)Thecarrunstwentypercentfasterthanthemotor.小汽車比摩托車快20%oThecottonoutputwasfourtimesgreaterthanthatofl996.棉花產(chǎn)量比1996年增產(chǎn)三倍。(是1996年的四倍)AistwicelessthanB.A是B的1/2。17Theincidenceofthediseaseisfivetimeshigherinmenthaninwomen.男性患心病比女性多四倍。/此病的發(fā)病率男性為女性的五倍。Xtimes+thewidth/length/breadth/level/value/size/velocityof這個(gè)句型表示凈增加“X-l倍”(是的X倍)。例如:Thelakeistwicethewidthofthatlake.這個(gè)湖的寬度是那個(gè)湖的兩倍。(比那個(gè)湖寬一倍)Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.Theearthis49timesaslargeasthemoon.地球的大小是月球的49倍。(比月球大48倍)(half)asmuch/many/largeagainas這個(gè)句型表示凈增加“一半”(用half)或“是……的兩倍"。比擬:halfasmany/muchas是?,…???的半倍halfasmany/muchagainas是的——倍半asmany/muchagainas是的兩倍Ihavehalfasmanybooksasshehas.我的書只有她的一半多。Tonyisasoldagainaslam,托尼的年齡比我大一倍。Sheishalfasoldagainasyou.她的歲數(shù)是你的一倍半。/她的歲數(shù)比你大半倍。Ihaveasmuchwineagainasyou.我所有的酒是你的兩倍。MaryhashalfasmuchmoneyagainasJohn.瑪麗的錢是約翰的一倍半。/瑪麗的錢比約翰的多半倍。Thisriverishalfaslongagainasthatone.18這條河比那條河長一半。(oneandahalftimeslongerthan)Threeishalfasmuchagainastwo.3比2多一半。Fourisasmuchagainastwo.4比2大一倍。Thiswheelturnsasfastagainasthatone.這個(gè)輪子比那個(gè)輪子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)快一倍。Thenewbuildingwillbeaslargeagainastheoldon已這幢新樓的建筑面積將是那幢舊樓的兩倍。4.倍數(shù)增減的表示法by表示增加或減少的凈數(shù),不包括底數(shù),??墒÷?;t。表示增加、減少、降低到什么程度,一般包括底數(shù)在內(nèi)。例如:reduceby2/3減少了2/3reduceto2/3減至2/31increase/speedup/stepup/raise/rise/goup/growup+by+數(shù)字百分比或倍數(shù)本句型表示“增加了百分之……例如:Pricesarebeinguppedby15%.價(jià)格上漲了15%。Industrialoutputroseby0.9percentinMay.5月份工業(yè)產(chǎn)量增長0.9%。HongKongsharepricesrose/gained/closedup4percenttoday.香港股票價(jià)格今天上升4%oDVDsalesgrew33%lastyear.去年DVD銷售增長了33%。Theoutputofsteelwentupbythreetimesoverthepreviousyear.車岡產(chǎn)量比上一年增加了兩倍。(是……的三倍)19.英語中“萬”的表示法英語數(shù)詞無“萬”這個(gè)單位,用英語表達(dá)“4萬”、“50萬”等時(shí)要利用thousand表示:4萬即40個(gè)千(fortythousand),50萬即500個(gè)千(fivehundredthousand)。Lighttravelsthreehundredthousandmilespersecond.光速是每秒30萬公里。.百萬以上的數(shù),英美表示法有所不漢語有“億”字,而英語那么沒有,用英語表達(dá)“億”要利用million。比擬:數(shù)值漢語英式英語美式英語百萬millionmillion10°10億a/onethousandmillionabillion102兆abillionatrillion8,000萬一eightymillion1億一onehundredmillion80億一eightthousandmillion(英),eightbillion(美),000億一a/onehundredthousandmillion(英),a/onehundredbillion(美)注意下面a和an等的用法:a/onehundred(and)twenty-seven127a/onehundred100a/onethousand1,000TheproductionofTVsetsinthefourthquartergrewby8percentasagainstthatof2003.第四季度電視機(jī)的產(chǎn)量比2003年同期增長了8%。Thisfactory'stotaloutputvaluerose/increased(by)3.8%thisyear,comparedwiththatoflastyear.這家工廠的總產(chǎn)值與去年相比增加了3.8%Oincrease/be/rise/grow/augment/multiply/goup+數(shù)詞+times或-fold本句型表示“增加了X-1倍,增加到X倍,增加了百分之……例如:Thiswillincreasethespeedtentimes/tenfoldasagainst1999.這將比1999年的速度提高九倍。(是……的十倍)Thevalueofthehouseinthecityhasincreasedfourfold/fourtimessince1996.這座城市的房價(jià)自1996年以來增加了三倍。(是……的四倍)Theproductionofnotebookcomputershasbeenincreasedsixtimesascomparedwith2009.筆記本電腦的產(chǎn)量比2009年增加了五倍。(是的六倍)Thepowerwillbeaugmentedahundredfold.能量將增至100倍。multiplyXtimes和bemultipliedby本句型表示“增加X-1倍”。例如:Thesalesofair-conditionershavebeenmultipliedbyfourtimessince2002.自2002年以來,空調(diào)的銷售量增加了三倍。(是??…?…的四倍)Theproductionhasmultipliedeighttimes.產(chǎn)量提高了七倍。(是的八倍)20increase/exceed/goup/rise/reduce/decrease...+byafactorof+數(shù)詞factor表示增加的倍數(shù)時(shí),意為“增加或增大X-l倍”;表示減少時(shí),意為“減少或降低了X”。例如:increasebyafactorof8增加了七倍reducebyafactorof5減少了4/5Thespeedexceedstheaveragespeedbyafactorof4,該速度超過了平均速度三倍。(是……的四倍)Itgoesupbyanaveragefactorof30%.它以3。%的平均系數(shù)上漲。Thenewequipmentreducedtheerrorprobabilitybyafactoroffive.新設(shè)備把誤差率降低了4/5。decrease/drop/fall/weaken/shorten/reduce/stepdown/speeddown/godown/bedown+(by)數(shù)詞本結(jié)構(gòu)中,by后表示純減數(shù),有時(shí)不用by。ThecostofTVsetshasdroppedby50%.電視機(jī)的本錢下降了50%。Thetravelingtimewasshortened3times.旅行時(shí)間縮短了2/3。Thepriceofricewasreducedby11.5percent.大米的價(jià)格降低了11.5%。Toysalesweredown5%comparedwiththefirstninemonthsoflastyear.玩具的銷量較去年頭九個(gè)月下降了5%oincrease/rise/goup/decrease/reduce/fall/drop/decline/dipto本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“增加到/減少到"。例如:Thesoldiershaveincreasedto5,000.士兵增力口至U5000名。Thepopulationofthecountryrosetotwentymillionlastyear.這個(gè)國家21的人口去年增至2,000萬。Thetemperaturehasgoneupto/increasedto/risentotendegreescentigrade.氣溫已上升到10攝氏度。Thenumberofpeopleoutofworkhasdroppedto2million.失業(yè)人口已經(jīng)降低到200萬。Thetemperatureduringthenightfellto/dippedto/declinedto/decreasedto/droppedtominusten.夜間的氣溫下降到零下10度。倍數(shù)+upon/over本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“超過?…倍”。例如:Sheisthreetimesupon/overyourage.她的年齡是你的三倍。Thenumberofcollegestudentsfor2004was30timesoverthatfor1990.2004年大學(xué)生的數(shù)量是1990年的30倍。8倍數(shù)+what+從句本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“為……的……倍”。例如:Theindustrialoutputinthefactoryismorethan30timeswhatitwasin1970.這家工廠的工業(yè)產(chǎn)量是1970年的30多倍。9百分?jǐn)?shù)+above/higherthan本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“增加了百分之……例如:Theexportthismonthwas40percentabovethatoflastmonth.這個(gè)月的出口量比上個(gè)月增長了40%。10up+倍數(shù)本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“增長了X-1倍”或“是原來的X倍”。例如:22Hisincomethismonthwasup3-fold.他這個(gè)月的收入增長了兩倍。(是上個(gè)月的三倍)Thenation'sgrainoutputwasup4.5times.該國的糧食產(chǎn)量增力□了3.5倍。(是?……的4.5倍)llregister+百分?jǐn)?shù)+increase(名詞)本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“增加了百分之例如:TheoutputinAprilregisteredathirtypercentincreaseoverMarch.4月的產(chǎn)量比3月增長了30%。12register/show+百分?jǐn)?shù)+decrease(名詞)本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“下降了百分之例如:TheoutputinAprilregisteredatwentypercentdecreaseoverMarch.4月的產(chǎn)量比3月下降了20%。Itshowsa20%decreaseinsales.它顯示銷售量減少了20%o百分?jǐn)?shù)+lessthan本結(jié)構(gòu)表示“下降了百分之”。例如:Thesteeloutputthisyearis10percentlessthanin2001.今年的鋼產(chǎn)量比2001年下降了10%?!皽p少一半”的表示法英語中表示“減少一半”的常用句型如下:halfasmany...as...decreaseone-half...halfas(much,long,fast..)as.,one-halflesstwicethinnerthan...cut/break/split..inhal?intohalvesreducebyonehalf...halftheusualpriceTheyhaveproducedhalfasmuchsteelaswe.他們生產(chǎn)的鋼比我們生產(chǎn)的少一半。23Theordinaryshipmoveshalfasfastasthehovercraft.普通船的速度比氣墊船的速度慢一半。15sixfeetsquare和sixsquarefeetsixfeetsquare中的sixfeet意為"6英尺",square是形容詞,作后置定語,意為“見方,平方的",故sixfeetsquare意為“6英尺見方",即“36平方英尺"。sixsquarefeet中的six作定語,修飾squarefeet,squarefeet意為"平方英尺",所以sixsquarefeet意為“6平方英尺”。例如:Theroomis8squarefeet.這個(gè)房間8平方英尺。Thehallis8feetsquare.這個(gè)廳64平方英尺。Atable4feetsquarehasanareaof16squarefeet.一個(gè)4英尺見方的桌子有16平方英尺的面積。16倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式的再比擬(1)增加增加到五倍(增加了四倍)increaseby5timesincrease5fold/timesincreasebyafactorof5multiply5times5timesasgreatas大小為的五倍(比大四倍)5timesmorethan比多四倍(是的五倍)twiceaslongas長度兩倍于(比,?…長一倍)(2)減少24decreaseby20%減少/20%decreaseto20%減少到20%decreasebyafactorof5減少了4/5(減少到l/5)reduce(by)5times減少了4/5(減少到l/5)decrease3times減少到1/3(減少了2/3)twicelessthan為的1/23timessmaller小2/3(小到1/3)afour-foldreduction減少3/4(減少到1/4)【提示】1注意下面幾種表示法:halfapercent0.5%aneightpercentincrease8%的增長減少threepercentdecreaveinsolestax3%的營業(yè)稅Twopercentof50is1.50的2%是loArapiddecreasebyafactorof7wasobserved.發(fā)現(xiàn)迅速減少到1/7。Thereisapopulationincreaseof5%,人口增長了5%。②倍數(shù)詞可用作形容詞,作定語,這時(shí)要用連字符連接。例如:Thetwice-weeklyquizzeskeptthepupilsbusy.每周兩次的小考讓小學(xué)生們忙個(gè)不停。Sheisproudofherson,thethree-timesgoldmedalwinner.她對(duì)兒子三次獲得金牌感到自豪。17”猛增,暴跌”的表示法"猛增”用jumpto,sharplyincrease,risesharply等表示。"暴跌”用fallsharply,dropsharply等表示。例如:25Interestratefellsharply.利率暴跌。Oilpricesrosesharplylastyear.去年油價(jià)急劇上漲。Housepriceshavedroppedsharplyinthepastfewmonths.過去幾個(gè)月來房價(jià)急劇下降。Thepopulationofthecityhassharplyincreasedtotenmillion.這座城市的人口猛增到1,000萬。18"共計(jì),合計(jì)”的表示法“共計(jì),合計(jì)"用total,amountto,addupto,inall,sumupto,alltold等表示。例如:Thevisitorstotheflowershowtotalledtwentythousand.參觀花展的人數(shù)共計(jì)兩萬。Thesebillsaddupto2,000yuan.這些賬單加起來總共2000元。Herdebtsamountedtosixthousanddollars.她欠債共計(jì)6000美元。Theynumberedfortyinall.他們總共有40人。Therewerefifteenofusatthemeetingalltold.我們總共有15人參加了會(huì)議。Thecostsumsupto500dollars.費(fèi)用共達(dá)500美元。Thetotalexpensescameto800yuan.全部費(fèi)用達(dá)800元。19"恰好,整整,足有”的表示法“恰好,整整,足有”等說法,用副詞exactly,just,sharp,precisely,punctually,promptly,totheminute等表示,也可用clear,solid,cool等形容詞表示。例如:Themeetingwillbeginexactlyateighto'clock.會(huì)議將在8點(diǎn)整開始。Thereareexactly1,000pupilsinthisschool.這所學(xué)校恰好有1000名學(xué)26生。Bethereatpreciselyfiveo'clock.5點(diǎn)整到那里。Ishallringyouupatteno'clocksharp.我10點(diǎn)整給你打。Itisjusteleveno'clock.現(xiàn)在11點(diǎn)整。Theperformancebeginspromptlyatnineo'clock.演出于9點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)開始。Thedelegatesarrivedpunctuallyatnineo'clock.代表們?cè)?點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)至ll達(dá)。Thetrainarrivedattwelveo'clocktotheminute.火車12點(diǎn)整到達(dá)。Hewasdressedinthreeminutesflat.他穿好衣服正好用了三分鐘。Ihaveneithermorenorlessthan50yuan.我‘恰好有50元。Iwalkedacoolthirtymilesthatday.那天我走了整整30英里。Hehasacoolmilliondollars.他足有100萬美元。Themanisagoodsixfeettall.那個(gè)男的足有6英尺高。Hewaitedthereforsixclearhours.他在那里等了整整六個(gè)小時(shí)。Thelecturelastedthreesolidhours.講座持續(xù)了整整三個(gè)小時(shí)。20“多達(dá),長達(dá),高達(dá)”的表示法“多達(dá),長達(dá),高達(dá)”常用asmanyas,asmuchas,aslongas,ashighas,astallas,nofewerthan等表示。例如:Today'sroomtemperatureisashighas40℃o今天室內(nèi)溫度高達(dá)40℃。Hewroteasmanyasfifteenbooksinhislife.他一生寫的書多達(dá)15部。Thesesnakesshedtheirskinsasoftenasfourtimesayear.這些蛇——年蛻皮多達(dá)四次。27HelivedaloneontheislandforaslongaslOyears.他在那座島上單獨(dú)生活長達(dá)10年之久。Wehavedesignednolessthantentypesofcomputers.我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的電月鹵多達(dá)10種。Nofewerthantengovernmentofficialswereinvolvedinthecase.這起案件牽涉到的政府官員有10人之多。Theexpensesforthatbuildingcametoasmuchasninemilliondollars用口幢大樓的造價(jià)高達(dá)900萬美元。21“最多,至多,頂多”的表示法“最多,至多,頂多”是最高極限,用atmost,atthemost,attheverymost,attheutmost,amaximumof等表示。例如:Sheisatmostthirtyyearsold.她最多30歲。Attheverymostthetemperaturehereinsummergoesuptoabout38℃.這兒夏天的氣溫最高也就上升到38c左右。Thedistancebetweenhereandthetowncannotbemorethan15kilometersattheutmost.從這里到那座小城的距離最多不超過15千米。Fathersmokedamaximumoffivecigarettesaday.父親每天最多抽五支煙。It'sabeautifulcottagenomorethanfiveminutesfromthenearestbeach.那是一座漂亮的小屋,離最近的海灘至多五分鐘的路程。22“最少,至少,頂少”的表示法“最少,至少,頂少”是最低極限,用at(the)least,alltheleast,nofewerthan等表示。例如:Itwilltakeyouatleast15minutestowalkthere.步行到28那里至少要花15分鐘。Itwillcosttwomilliondollarsattheveryleast.最起碼要花200萬美元。Hetriedtocontacthernofewerthanfivetimes.他至少有五次試圖與她聯(lián)系上。Alltheleast,thejourneywilltakeushalfamonth.我們這次旅行至少要用半個(gè)月時(shí)間?!捌骄钡谋硎痉ā捌骄背S胊verage,on(an/the)average,anaverageof等表示。例如:Theexhibitionhasanaverageof500visitorsaday.平均每天有500人來參觀展覽。Therainfallhereaveragesfourinchesamonth.這兒的降雨量平均每月4英寸。Housepriceshavegoneupbyanaverageof3%.房價(jià)平均上漲了3%。Hekeptanaveragespeedof120kilometersanhour.他的平均車速為每小時(shí)120公里。On(an/the)averageIreceive5e-mailseachday.我平均每天打攵至五封電子郵件。IsupposeIaverageaboutsixcupsofteaaday.我想我平均每天喝六杯茶。Theweeklyprofitsaverageatabout800dollars.每周平均利潤到達(dá)800美元左右。"極大可能性”的表示法29a/onemillion100萬a/onethousandonehundred(and)thirty-eight1,138(這里hundred之前不可用a。a只能用在數(shù)字之首表示one)onehundredandonethousand101,000(這里thousand之前不可用a)【提示】“零(0)”的各種說法:@zero(一般說法,在溫度、速度或數(shù)學(xué)上):tendegreesbelowzero零下10度,.04二pointzerofour,tenwithonezeroafterit10后面帶個(gè)0naught/nought英式英語(數(shù)學(xué)用語):,03=pointnaughtthree,Abillionis1with9noughtsafterit.10億是1后面加9個(gè)0。2nil,nothing(運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽說法):Theresultofthematchwas5:0(=five<goals>tonil).比賽結(jié)果是五比零。Theywon3:0(讀作three(to)nothing).他們3比0獲勝。nothing也可表示數(shù)學(xué)上的"零”:Multiplytenbynothing,andtheresultisnothing.10乘以0等于0。3love(網(wǎng)球比賽說法):OurteamleadsbylO:0(讀作tenlove)inthefirstgame.我們隊(duì)在第一局中以10比0獲勝。Thescoreis20:0.(讀作twentylove)比分為20比0。Jonesleads15-love.瓊斯領(lǐng)先,比分為15比0。④0(或數(shù)學(xué)用語):Dial30840268.(讀作由數(shù)詞構(gòu)成某些短語,可以表示“極大可能性”,常用的有:tentoone,twentytoone,ninecasesoutoften,ninetimesoutoften,innineoutoften等o例如:Tentoonehellhaveforgottenallaboutittomorrow.他明天多半會(huì)把這事忘得一干二凈。Ninecasesoutoftenhe'llbeleftoutoftheteam.十有八九,他將被排除出隊(duì)。Ninetimesoutoften,shedoesn!thavecouragetojumpoutofaplane.她十有八九沒膽量跳下飛機(jī)。四、概數(shù)的表示法1.“over,above,morethan+數(shù)字"或“數(shù)字+odd”overtwoyears兩年多abovetwentypounds20磅以上morethan90degrees90多度thirtyoddyears30余年Hermajoritywasovertwentythousand.她贏得的票數(shù)超過了兩萬張。Theyfirstmetthirtyoddyearsago.他們30多年前第一次相見。Shestayedherefortyodddays.她在這里待了40多天。比擬:Hehastwohundredodddollars.他有200多美元。Hehastwohundreddollarsodd.他有200美元余。(odd用于dollar后常表示“假設(shè)干美分”)2.below,underjessthan+數(shù)字30belowsixdays缺乏六天undertwohours兩小時(shí)以內(nèi)lessthan60miles不到60英里Youcanftbuyitforanythingbelow300dollars.少于300美元你買不到它。3.“about,around,nearly,some,toward(s),roughly,approximately+S字,,;“數(shù)字+名詞+orso";“數(shù)字+名詞+moreorless”about/around90yards約90碼nearly/approximatelyonetenth,仔近1/10some/roughlyfiftyfeet50英尺左右toward(s)4o,clock將近4點(diǎn)鐘moreorless20metres20米上下ninekilogramsorso9千克左右Aboutahundredotherstudentsfailedintheexam.大約有10。名其他的學(xué)生也沒有通過考試。Shelivesnearlytenmilesaway.她住的地方離這里大約10英里。Shelefthomearoundsixo'clock.她大約6點(diǎn)鐘離開家的。That'sapproximatelytwohoursjourney.那大約是兩個(gè)小時(shí)的路程。Therewereroughly200peoplethere.刃口里大約有200人。Theyhadtowaitanhourorsoforthepolicetoarrive,至U警察趕來,他們得等上一個(gè)小時(shí)左右。of,ascoreof,scoresof,dozensofHecaughtonlyoneortwofishthewholemorning.他整個(gè)上午才捕至1|幾條魚。Thereareaboutthirtyorfortypeopleinvolvedinthecase.這起案件涉及31的大約有三四十人。Hesawscoresofpeopleliningfortickets?他看見有幾十人在排隊(duì)買票。Dozensofprotestersweredraggedawaybythepolice.幾十個(gè)抗議者被警察拖走了。Theycollecteddozensanddozensofshellsonthebeach.他們?cè)诤┥蠐炝撕芏嗪芏嗟呢悮?。Isawherleavingaminuteortwoago.我看見她一兩分鐘前剛剛離開。Shearrivedatfouro'clockorthereabout(s).她是4點(diǎn)左右到達(dá)的。Thisbagofflourweighstenkilogramsorthereabout(s),這袋面粉重10千克左右。Itwillcosttwothousanddollarsintherough.這將花費(fèi)2,000美元左右。Sheisawomanoffifty-something.她大約50幾歲。Hespentsomethinglikethateverymonth.他每月大約花那么多錢。Hehasintheneighborhoodofahundredacresofland.他大約有100英畝土地。Itisathree-pound-pluswatermelon.這是一個(gè)3磅多重的西瓜。Anaverageofthirtystudentspassedtheexam,大約30名學(xué)生通過了考試。Anestimatedfiftysoldierswerewounded.大約有50名士兵受傷。Onemayfailupwardsofahundredtimesbeforeonesucceeds.人們?cè)诔晒χ翱赡芤∩习俅?。Shewilllivehereaweekortwo/oneortwoweeks.她將在這里待一兩個(gè)星期。32Manhasmadegreatprogressinthiscenturyortwo.人類在這一兩個(gè)世紀(jì)中取得了巨大進(jìn)步。Imethimthelastmonthortwo.我上個(gè)月或上上個(gè)月見過他。Shereceivedlettersbythethousand/bythousands.她收至!J數(shù)千封信。(二thousandsofletters)Thesoldiersdiedbythehundred/byhundreds,i兵們成百成百地死去。Shehasloversbythedozen/bydozens.她有十幾個(gè)情人。Thetownwillhavechangedbeyondrecognitioninanothertwoorthreeyears.再過兩三年,這座小城就會(huì)變得認(rèn)不出來了。Idon'tknowwhyIfeelsobad,Ionlyhadacoupleofdrinks.我不知道為什么感覺不舒服,我只喝了幾杯酒。Theyhavetraveledagood/fullsixhundredmiles.他們已經(jīng)旅行了足足600英里。(=nolessthan)Theyworkedanywhereupto/somewhereabout/roundaboutfourteenhoursaday.他們一天工作大約14個(gè)小時(shí)。Hestudiedlaw6yearsonend/running/atastretch/inarow.他一連學(xué)了六年法律。Sheearnedthreehundreddollarsinsumtotal/altogether/inall/alltold/atotalofthreehundreddollars.她總共掙了300美元。Sheearnedninehundreddollarsorsomewhereabout/orlesslastmonth.她上個(gè)月掙了大約900美元。33五、“每隔”與“每逢”的表示英語中表示每隔有兩種結(jié)構(gòu),意義相同:every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞值得注意的是、將這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的數(shù)詞譯成漢語用“隔”時(shí),須從數(shù)詞中減一,即“每十分鐘”就是“每隔九分鐘”,“每逢五天”就是“每隔四天”。例如:everyfourdays每四天(每隔三天)everyfourthday每四天(每隔三天)everythreedays每三天(每隔兩天)everythirdday每三天(每隔兩天)onceineverythreedays每三天(每隔兩天)everythreelines每三行(每隔兩行)everythirdline每三行(每隔兩行)everytenmetres每十米(每隔九米)everytenthmetre每十米(每隔九米)everyotherday,everytwodays和everysecondday均作“每隔一天”解;everyfewdays意為“隔些日子”。再如:Thebusrunseveryfiveminutes.公共汽車每五分鐘一趟。(每隔四分鐘)Oneineverytwentystudentsistobechosenasarepresentative.20名34學(xué)生中選一名代表。六、比例表示法Oneineightjoinedtheclub.八分之一的人參加了這個(gè)俱樂部。Oneinahundredsurvivedtheearthquake.百分之一的人在那次地震中活了下來。Therearetwosecretariesforonemayorhere.這里每位市長有兩位秘書。Ofthetwentystudents,fifteenaregirls.在這20名學(xué)生中,15名是女生。(=Outof)Onepersonintenisagainsttheplan.十分之一的人反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(=Onepersonoutoften或Oneinten)她得了20枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?,而她妹妹得?5枚。Shewontwentymedalsasagainsthersistefs15.Shewontwentymedalstohersistefs15.Shewontwentymedalsascomparedwithhersistefs15.七、一些數(shù)學(xué)公式、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等的表示法3+6=9Threeplus/andsixis/are/equals/isequalto/makes/makenine.2+2=4Twotwosarefour./Twoandtwoarefour.12-5=7Twelveminusfiveisseven./Fivefromtwelveleaves/isseven.1x1=1Onceoneisone.351x3=3Oncethreeisthree.2x1=2Twiceoneis/aretwo.1x0=0Oncenoughtisnought./Onemultipliedbynoughtisnought.4x5=20Fourfivesaretwenty./Fourtimesfiveistwenty.7x3=21Seventimesthree/Sevenmultipliedbythree/Seventhreesistwenty-one.9:3=3Ninedividedbythreeisthree.63:8=7余7Sixty-threedividedbyeightissevenandsevenover.63?8=7余7Eightintosixty-threeissevenandsevenintheremainder.3.5threepointfive0.4zero/noughtpointfour/decimalfour/pointfour0.138(nought)pointonethreeeight15.637onefivepointsixthreeseven1/2a/onehalf/onedividedbytwo/oneovertwo(數(shù)學(xué)中可都用基數(shù)詞)1/4afourth/aquarter/onequarter/one-fourth/oneoverfour/onedividedbyfour2/4two-fourths1.5oneandahalfVaandahalf1:3theratioofonetothree16:4=4Theratioofsixteentofouris/equalsfour.5+7<15Fiveplussevenislessthanfifteen.15>5+7Fifteenisgreaterthanfiveplusseven.365x5=25Fivesquaredistwenty-five.33=27Threecubedistwenty-seven.xsquare/xsquared3ycube/ycubedzz(raised)tothefourth(power)a?+2b=6asquaredandtwotimesbmakessix.a-4b=8acubedminusfourtimesbequalseight.35=3Thesquarerootofnineisthree.W=xThefifthrootofasquaredisx.五又四分之一英里fiveandaquartermiles二六一十二;寫二進(jìn)一;二四得八,八加一得九;二一得二Twosixesaretwelve;putdowntwoandcarryone;twofoursareeightandonearenine;twoonesaretwo八五折fifteenpercentdiscount七折thirtypercentdiscount85°Feighty-fivedegreesFahrenheit(華氏)21℃twenty-onedegreescentigrade(攝氏)-10°tendegreesbelowzero(零下10度)It'saboutapageandaquarter.約一又四分之一頁。Theinterestrateisreducedbytwoffths.利率減少了五分之二。Thepetrolpriceisupbyone-third.汽油價(jià)格上漲了三分之一。Athirdofthepopulationofthecountrylivedincities.該國有三分之一的37人口居住在城市里。I'vewrittenathirdoraquarterofthebook.這本書我已寫完了三分之一或四分之一。Nine-tenthsoftheapplicantshadexcellentacademicqualifications,butnoworkexperience.十分之九的應(yīng)聘者有不錯(cuò)的學(xué)歷證明,但沒有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Theyhavewidenedthree-quartersthelengthoftheexpressway.這條高速公路有四分之三的路段已經(jīng)被拓寬?!咎崾尽糠?jǐn)?shù)可用作名詞,也可用作前置定語。例如:two-thirds/twothirdsofthepopulation三分之二的人口(作名詞時(shí)用不用連字號(hào)皆可)aone-thirdmajority三分之一的多數(shù)(one后用連字號(hào))atwo-thirdsmajority三分之二的多數(shù)(thirds用復(fù)數(shù))athree-quartermajority四分之三的多數(shù)(quarter用單數(shù))八、長度、重量、面積、體積的表示法Theyardistwentyfeetwide/inwidth.這院子寬20英尺。Hestandsfivefoot/feetthree.他身高5英尺3英寸。Thephotois5by8/5x8.這張照片5英寸寬,8英寸長。Thistrackfieldis70metersby180.這塊田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地長180米,寬70米。38Thebedisfivefeetbysixandahalffeet.這張床是6英尺半長,5英尺寬。Sheboughttenpoundsweight/tenpoundsweightofmeat.她買了10磅重的肉。Themanweighsabouttenstone.那人大約140磅重。(stone不加s,lstone=14pounds)Thetreemeasured30inchesthrough.這棵樹直徑30英寸。Herwaistmeasuresfortyinchesround.她的腰圍40英寸。Itweighsatenthofapound,它重十分之一磅。Thebigtreeisthreefeetthick/indiameter,ninefeetround/incircumference.這棵大樹直徑3英尺,周長9英尺。Thewindowissixfeetfive(inches)bysevenfeetseven(inches).這個(gè)窗戶6英尺5英寸寬,7英尺7英寸長。12'xl5'(12英尺xl5英尺)twelvefeetbyfifteenfeet(表示面積用by)6英尺見方sixfeetbysixfeet/sixfeetsquare^總面積為thirty-sixsquarefeet)一個(gè)體重140磅的男子aten-stoneman一個(gè)8英尺深的洞aneight-foothole15x8feet(面積)fifteenbyeightfeet/fifteenfeetbyeight7“x4"x3”(體積)seveninchesbyfourbythree6ft.2in.(長度)sixfeettwoinches39Ori:aueltfo:3utu:slkselt)請(qǐng)撥30840268o⑤cipher(書面語,指符號(hào)而不指數(shù)目,有時(shí)指溫度):Thethermometerfellbelowcipheryesterday.昨天溫度表降至ll零度以下。6.表示確指數(shù)字時(shí),ten,hundred,thousand,million只用單數(shù)形式,不能加“s”sixhundredstudents600名學(xué)生beworthtwomillion值200萬美元/英鎊fivemillionmen500萬人seventhousandeighthundredworkers7,800名工人下面含有確指數(shù)字的復(fù)合名詞也要用單數(shù):15five-dollarbills15張5美元的鈔票80fifteen-centstamps80張15美分的郵票20two-poundparcels20個(gè)兩磅重的包裹但在某些表示概數(shù)的習(xí)語中,如“成百上千,成千上萬,許許多多”等,基數(shù)詞要加“-S”。例如:hundredsofsoldiers數(shù)百名士兵millionsofchildren數(shù)百萬兒童thousandsofbirds數(shù)千只鳥millionsofreasons許許多多的理由tensofthousandsofpeople成千上萬的人Amarshalismadeonthewhitebonesofthousandsofaveragesoldiers.一將成名萬骨枯?!咎崾尽?hundredof,thousandof,millionof被afew,some,several,many等表20Ib.5oz.(重量)twentypoundsfiveounces5gal.4qt.3pt.fivegallonsfourquartsthreepints(6加侖4夸脫3品脫)九、英、美樓層的不同表示法在美式英語和英式英語中,樓層有不同的表示法。比擬

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