英語語言學概論試卷

精選文檔2013-2014學年第2學期期末考試（B）卷課程名稱《英語語言學概論》任課教師署名出題教師署名審題教師署名考試方式（閉）卷合用專業(yè)2011級英語專業(yè)考試時間（120）分鐘題號IIIIIIIVV總分得分評卷人I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%10=20%)×AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.A.languageB.langueC.paroleD.competenceVowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT_______.A.positionofthetongueB.opennessofthemouthC.mannerofarticulationD.shapeofthelips3.Intermsofmannerofarticulation,theEnglishconsonants［s］and［z］are

classifiedas______.A.liquidsB.affricatesC.stopsD.fricatives4.Thereare_______morphemesintheword“frightening.”A.2B.3C.4D.55.Semantically,thesentence“Iregretsteppingonyourbook”______thesentence“Isteppedonyourbook.”A.presupposesB.entailsC.contradictsD.issynonymouswith6.AccordingtoJohnAustin’speechacttheory,a(n)______actistheactperformedbysayingsomething.A.prelocutionaryB.locutionaryC.illocutionaryD.perlocutionaryAllthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______aretheexampleswhichcanbeusedtoillustratesemanticnarrowing.A.auntB.wifeC.houndD.fowlInmanycultures,wordsrelatingtosex,sexorgans,andnaturalbodilyfunctionsmakeupalargerpartof______vocabulary.A.genderB.euphemismC.slangD.taboo9.SpeakerA:I’moutofpetrol..SpeakerB:There’sagarageroundthecorner.SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof_______.A.quantityB.qualityC.relationD.mannerAtypicalexampleofa_______communityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.A.diglossicB.bilingualC.pidginizedD.creolizedDirections:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Culturaltreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsfeatures,whicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.13.Daffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.15.Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,wemust”betalkingaboutacertainbaby

精選文檔cryinginacertainsituation;theword“baby”meansababyknownspeakerandthehearer,whichistheroftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.Therelationshipbetweenthewordsinsuchpairsas“buy”and“by,”“stationary”and“stationery”canbelabe.ledash17.Inanaprocess,successivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.18.Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc.19.Alinguistict______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%10=20%)×Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwhichthereallyrequiredandusedby.精選文檔populartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.35.back-formation36.syntax23.Prefixesareaddedtothebeginningofstems;theymodifythemeaningof37.sense38.pragmaticsthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.39.hyponymy40.sociolect24.Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordV.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)×sequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondword,41.Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowingtwowhilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.sentences.25.Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,a(1)Aboyfoundthebook.sentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasits(2)Theguidesuggestedthetouriststakearest.predicate.42.StatebrieflyCooperativePrincipleanditsfourmaximsandthenuseitto26.Thepairofwords,“husband”and“wife,”arecomplementaryantonymsexplainthe.followingconversation:27.Onelinguisticsymbolcanhavedifferentreferenceswhilebearingthesame(1)A:Howdoyoulikemypainting?B:Idon’havetaneyeforbeauty,I’msense.Therearealsooccasions,thoughlessfrequent,whenlinguisticformsafraid.withthesamereferencemightdifferinsense.(2)Heismadeofiron.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.30.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits參照答案grammarandusesofvocabulary.Ⅳ.Directions:ExplainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforⅠ.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decideillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%10=30%)×whichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.31.arbitrariness32.parole(2%×10=20%)33.consonants34.boundmorpheme1-5BCDBA6-10BADCB.精選文檔II.Directions：Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneshorterwordisderivedbydeletinganimaginedaffixfromalongerformword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.Notethatyoualreadyinthelanguage.aretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethe36.syntax:Itrefertothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsare×combinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimplythestudyoftheformationlettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.plex15.ofsentences.reference16.homonymy17.assimilation18.Creole19.taboo20.variety37.sense:senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningoflinguisticform;itisⅢ.Directions：Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandfalse.Writea“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseontheAnswerSheetde-.contexualized(2%.×10=20%)38.pragmatics:Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffect21-25TFTFT26-30FTTTFsuccessfulcommunication.Ⅳ.Directions：Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesfor39.hyponymy:Hyponymyisamatterofclassmembership.Theupperterminillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%10=30%)×thissenserelation,i.e.theclassname,iscalledsuperordinate,andthelower31.arbitrariness:thereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthethingterm,themembers,hyponyms.itdenotes,e.g.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewith.40.sociolect:itisakindofsocialvariationoflanguagewhichcanreflecta32.parole:Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheperson’ssocioeconomic,educational,occupationalandethnicbackground,asconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevarieswellastheirsexandage.frompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.Ⅴ.Directions：Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)×33.consonants:consonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructing41.Omitted.thevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowof42.Speechacttheorytellsusthataspeakercanmeanalotmorethanwhatisairintheoralcavity.said.Theproblemistoexplainhowthespeakercanmanagertoconveymore34.boundmorpheme:itreferstothosemorphemeswhichcannotoccuralone.thanwhatissaidandhowthehearercanunderstandthespeaker’Theymustappearwithatleastanothermorpheme.Gricebelievesthattheremustbesomemechanismsgoverningtheproduction35.back-formation:Itreferstoanabnormaltypeofword-formationwhereaandcomprehensionoftheseutter