Unit 1 Wish you were here Grammar and usage 語法講解學(xué)案-高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊

選擇性必修三Unit1Wishyouwerehere語法講解Teachingobjectives1.知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握非限制性定語從句的基本含義2.技能目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握非限制性定語從句的基本運用3.情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠更有信心學(xué)習(xí)英語Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握非限制性定語從句的基本含義2.掌握非限制性定語從句的基本含義Teachingprocedures：課前檢測1.______adj.開花的，盛開的，風(fēng)華正茂的，bloom的現(xiàn)在分詞2.______vt.&vi.展開，打開，展現(xiàn)，開花(反義詞：fold折疊，裹)3.______n.領(lǐng)土，領(lǐng)地，版圖，領(lǐng)域，范圍，地區(qū)，區(qū)域4.______n.山谷，溪谷，流域5.______n.冰川6.______adj.城市的，城鎮(zhèn)的，城市里的，居住在城市的7.______n.少數(shù)，少數(shù)民族，少數(shù)群體，少數(shù)派，未成年8.______n.烹飪，烹飪術(shù)，烹調(diào)法，菜肴，飯菜，風(fēng)味9.______adj.精力充沛的，富有創(chuàng)新思想的，活躍的，動力的10.______vt.品嘗，試嘗，體驗，抽樣檢驗n.樣品，貨樣，取樣，樣本11.______adj.凱爾特人的，凱爾特語的n.凱爾特語12.______n.深度，深，深刻，深厚，最深處，深奧13.______n.郊區(qū)，城外，城郊14.______adj.植物學(xué)的，植物的15.______adj.克拉維斯的n.克拉維斯16.______n.毛毯，厚層，床毯，覆蓋物，覆蓋層vt.覆蓋，籠罩17.______n.曲棍球，冰球運動，冰球，冰上曲棍球18.______n.侄女，外甥女19.______n.福祉，安康，幸福，康樂，福利，福利事業(yè)20.______adj.圍繞的，環(huán)繞的，周圍的，附近的21.______n.和諧，協(xié)調(diào)，融洽，部分與整體之間或各部分之間的和諧有序22.______n.教堂，禮拜，敬拜23.______n.規(guī)則，法規(guī)，道德準(zhǔn)則，行為規(guī)范，密碼，電碼，代碼24.______n.雕像，塑像，雕塑25.______n.紀(jì)念品，紀(jì)念物26.______n.古董，古物，古玩adj.古董的，古玩的，古老的27.______n.花瓶，裝飾瓶28.______n.由風(fēng)吹積而成的沙丘29.______n.谷粒，谷物，糧食，谷類作物30.______n.戶外燒烤，烤架，烤爐，燒烤，

烤肉vt.烤31.______n.泥；爛泥；泥漿，淤泥32.______n.邊界，邊疆，國界，邊緣，界限vi.&vt.毗連，接壤，與接壤33.______n.停車，停車位，停車處adj.停車的34.______n.磚，磚塊，磚材，積木，磚塊狀物，可靠的人35.______vt.星星點點地布滿，點綴，打點n.點，小圓點，小數(shù)點36.______n.火腿，火腿肉37.______n.香腸，臘腸，香腸狀物38.______n.串，束，捆，大量39.______n.徒步旅行，遠足，提高vi.&vt.徒步旅行，遠足，去徒步旅行，提高40.______n.液體，液態(tài)物adj.液體的，液態(tài)的，流質(zhì)的41.______adj.北極的，北極區(qū)的，極冷的，寒冷的42.______n.狐，狐貍，狡猾的人43.______adj.極地的，完全相反的44.______n.羊羔，羔羊，羔羊肉，溫順的人45.freesample___________46.offthebeatentrack____________47.comeasnosurprise______________48.comedownto..._______________49.makeone’swayto..._____________________50.beatdown_______________51.consistin...__________________非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句就是不起限制性作用的定語從句。它和限制性作用的定語從句的區(qū)分在書寫的形式上表現(xiàn)為：非限制性定語從句和它修飾的名詞、代詞或句子用逗號隔開。如：Theboysreachedanislandseparatedfromtheoutsideworld,wheretheybelievedlotsoftreasurewashiddensomewhere.Weallknowclearlytheimmediatefuture,beyondwhich,however,itishardtotellwhatlies.Ourfriendshipwashatchedbackin1995,sincewhenwehavekeptintouchwitheachother.Moreandmorepeoplegojogginginthemorning,whosebenefitsforhealtharisefromtheairrichinoxygen.Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustoneyear.Heisaddictedtocomputergames,whichareharmfultohisstudies.Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimlosehissight.Asisknowntoallofus,theGreatWallisapridetotheChinesepeople.MostpeopleinChinaplayping－pong,whichmakesitpopularinChina.非限制性定語從句不起限制性作用，對它所修飾的名詞、代詞或句子進行補充和說明，相當(dāng)于一個并列句或兩個簡單句，但非限制性定語從句讓整個句子顯得簡潔。如：Peter,whosecookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide,wasonceyoungChefoftheYear.=PeterwasonceyoungChefoftheYear.Hiscookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide.=PeterwasonceyoungChefoftheYear,andhiscookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide.Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends,whenthecleanersstillhavemuchworktodo.=Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekendsandthecleanersstillhavemuchworktodothen.=Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends.Thecleanersstillhavemuchworktodothen.對比：Ican’taffordahousethat/whichhasabiggarden.(我買不起有大花園的房子。)Heboughtahouse,whichhasabiggarden.(我買了臺房子。這房子有個大花園。)由于非限制性定語從句不起限制性作用，對它所修飾的名詞、代詞或句子進行補充和說明，所以在whom,which前有介詞或有some/many/allof等修飾表示整體的部分或所有時，就常用非限制性定語從句。Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofwhomareworkinginBeijing.MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofwhichisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.要注意這種非限制性定語從句和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、并列句及語段的區(qū)分：LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofwhomareworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofthemworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons;twoofthemareworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons.TwoofthemareworkinginBeijing.MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofwhichisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofthembeingTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels;oneofthemisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels.OneofthemisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.這種非限制性定語從句也可能出現(xiàn)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞化的關(guān)系副詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句的實際運用中還會出現(xiàn)像“inwhichcase,duringwhichtime,sincewhen,inwhose…”等具體語境的類似“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞化的關(guān)系副詞”的短語引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：(1)Shehidherselfbehindthedoor,fromwhereshecouldseethegirlclearly.這里的where相當(dāng)于behindthedoor。如果把where換成which，就變成從門上看，意義上就錯誤了。英語中沒有雙介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的現(xiàn)象。(2)Newbambooshootsappearfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones,fromwheretheygrowhigherandhigher.(3)Hemaywinthematchtonight,inwhichcasehemaybeadmittedtothenationalteam.=Hemaywinthematchtonight.Inthatcasehemaybeadmittedtothenationalteam.(4)Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople,inwhosevillagehetaughtEnglishtenyearsago,haveledahappylife.(5)HestudiedinNantongUniversitybetween1994and1998,duringwhichtimehemademanyfriends.=HestudiedinNantongUniversitybetween1994and1998.Duringthetimehemademanyfriends.(6)IcametoNantongin1983,sincewhengreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.=IcametoNantongin1983.Sincethengreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.以上六句話是非限制定語從句中常出現(xiàn)的難句。在進行了以上對比分析后，難句不難。英語中，不是所有的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可用來引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不可用來引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句。關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句即使作賓語也不能省略。Thegirl,wholovessports,isastudent.Heboughtanewbike,whichwasverynice.Thestudents,who/whomateachertreatsashisorherownchildren,alwayslearnquickly.在學(xué)習(xí)和使用非限制定語從句時要注意which和as的區(qū)別。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后,也可放在主句中間，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid－termexamination.Pingchaoisabeautifultown,asweallknow.which和as一樣，也可以修飾整個句子，但有區(qū)別：當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句時，常用which引導(dǎo)。Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.which引導(dǎo)的修飾整個句子的非限制性定語從句只能放在句尾，而as引導(dǎo)的修飾整個句子的非限制性定語從句可放在句首、句尾或句中。LiPingisgoodatEnglish,asweallknow.Asisknowntoallofus,theGreatWallisapridetotheChinesepeople.MostpeopleinChinaplayping－pong,whichmakesitpopularinChina.which在引導(dǎo)的修飾整個句子的非限制性定語從句中一般作行為動詞的主語。Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,whichbenefitshisstudentsgreatly.在很多情況下，which引導(dǎo)的修飾整個句子的非限制性定語從句可以用現(xiàn)在分詞來改寫，變化成結(jié)果狀語。Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,whichbenefitshisstudentsgreatly.=Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,benefitinghisstudentsgreatly.Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimlosehissight.=Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,makinghimlosehissight.根據(jù)句境用正確詞填空，每空一詞。Xiangyang,(1)____liesintheheartofSunshineTown,isthebestplaceforaholiday.AndtheRuiyingHotel,(2)____istheonlyhotelinXiangyang,isthebestplacetostayat.Thestreet,(3)____thehotellies,isquietandclean.Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends,(4)____thecleanersstillhavemuchworktodo.Thecleanerskeepthestreetcleanandbeautiful.Ruiying,(5)____boughtthissmallhotelthreeyearsago,hasalreadywonalotofpraiseforexcellence.Theguests,(6)____Ruiyingtreatsasmembersofhe