高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)定語從句講義

定語從句定語:修飾名詞 從句:引導(dǎo)詞+陳述語序句子 定語從句：用一個從句，充當(dāng)定語，修飾名詞。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞稱作“先行詞”它通常出現(xiàn)在定語從句前面、先行一步存在。定語從句考點：引導(dǎo)詞的選擇一．定語從句三大類引導(dǎo)詞(1)特殊關(guān)系詞：as，whose(2)關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that(3)關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why注意：定語從句的世界里沒有what和how!特殊關(guān)系詞as/whose規(guī)律：特殊關(guān)系詞直接靠翻譯做題即可！as:“正如”Asweallknow,Beijingisalargecity.1.(_____isknowntoall),Tomisugly.2.(_______isdescribed)(inthepicture)，Tomiseatingbananas.3.YangLiping,(______isknowntoallofus),isafamousdancer.whose“它的/他們的”Ihaveahouse,_________windowsfacethesea.2.Iknowaman(_________dogislovely).（二）關(guān)系代詞who/whom/that/which定語從句缺成分，即缺主語或者賓語，用關(guān)系代詞，一般翻譯為“ta/他們”who:先行詞是人，在從句中做主語或賓語。LiHuaisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.whom:先行詞是人，在從句中只能當(dāng)賓語Ihaveafriend(whomImadefriendswith)(lastyear).Which：先行詞是物，或指整個主句Ihaveabook(whichwasboughtinBeijing).Ilikeplayingbasketball,whichisnotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.that:人物絕不避人物1).人：先行詞是人，可以用that2).物：先行詞是物，可以用that3).絕：先行詞被“絕對化的詞only,first,last,theugliest修飾，只能用that引導(dǎo)。4).不：先行詞是“不定代詞somebody等，只能用that引導(dǎo)。5).避：為了避免和上文疑問詞who/which重復(fù)，只能用that引導(dǎo)。6).人物：當(dāng)先行詞即有人又有物時，只能用that引導(dǎo)。1.Tomisamanthatisugly.2.Tomhasacarthatisugly.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows. 5.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?6.ThemanandhiscarthatIsawinthestreetwereugly.（三）關(guān)系副詞when/where/why定語從句不缺成分，即不缺主語或者賓語，用關(guān)系副詞When“那會兒”(時間）where“在那兒”(地點）Why（原因）Istillrememberthedays(________wewereyoung).Istillrememberthefarm(________weplayedtogether).Thereason(________Idon’ttrusthim)is(thatheoftentellslies).思考下列題目用關(guān)系代詞or關(guān)系副詞？口訣：從句成分不完整用關(guān)代，從句成分完整用關(guān)副不完整：從句缺主語或者賓語完整:從句不缺主語或者賓語Istillrememberthedays(________wespentonthefarm).Istillrememberthefarm(________wevisitedtogether).Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Isthisthereason________hewassocarelessinhiswork?Helivesinavillage_______isnotfarfromthecity.Helivesinthevillage_______hewasborn.Isthisthefactory_______colorTVsetsareproduced.Thisisthefactory_______producescolorsTVsets.二．限制性定從VS非限制性定從Let’slearn.請觀察對比從句在整個句子里的含義與作用。1.Imetthemanwholivesnextdoor.2.ThegirlwholivesnextdoorisaChineseteacher.3.IsawYaoMing,whoisthegreatestNBAstar.4.Mary,wholivesinGuangZhou,isajournalist.Tips:非限制性定語從句前有逗號，而限制性定語從句前沒有限制性定從：從句起限定修飾作用，給主句提供必要信息，缺了從句，主句意思會受影響.非限制性定從：從句對主句內(nèi)容提供補(bǔ)充信息，沒有從句不影響主句意思.改正句子中錯誤引導(dǎo)詞，總結(jié)非限制性定從的引導(dǎo)詞。1.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.2.Ihaveafriend,who’snameisLiuMei.3.Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,thatdidn’thelp.4.TherearethreemembersinmyfamilyandI’mtheonlychild,whoisverycommoninChina.5.ThecouplewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoon,whichtheyplantostayforthreedays.6.Duringholidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,whenairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.7.TomwillputoffthepicnicuntilSeptember7th,whyhewillbefree.總結(jié)：限制性定從的引導(dǎo)詞：全部都可以非限制性定從的引導(dǎo)詞：不用that引導(dǎo)三．介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定從Themantowhomheistalkingismyfather.ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定從時，介詞的賓語只能用________（指物）和_________（指人）。介詞的選擇依據(jù)1.取決于從句中v/adj短語搭配Thisisthebook_____whichIaminterested.Thisisthebook_____whichIpaidtenyuan.2.取決于句意表達(dá)Everyoneneedsair,_____whichwecouldn’tlive.Thisistheboy,_____whomIwenttoschool.四，一些特殊的情況1.先行詞是he/those，定從只能由who引導(dǎo)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.當(dāng)先行詞是theway時1）由that引導(dǎo)，Ilikethewaythatyoulookatme.2）由inwhich引導(dǎo)，Ilikethewayinwhichyoulookatme.3）省略引導(dǎo)詞，Ilikethewayyoulookatme.3.注意：定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以不放在定語從句的開頭Thisisthemountain,onthetopofwhichstandsatree.LiHuaisateacher,thestudentsofwhomareverysmart.Iboughtawatch,thehandsofwhicharemadeofgold.注意區(qū)別以下兩個句子：Therearefivejudges,allofwhomagreeyouarethebestone.Therearefivejudges,andallofthemagreeyouarethebestone.五．定語從句的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞要與在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Anyonewho