高考短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分類歸納

犍為縣孝姑中學(xué)英語組楊廷忠

英語高考專題復(fù)習(xí)短文改錯(cuò)做題花時(shí)間多，得分低練習(xí)效果不好學(xué)生不會(huì)歸納在作文中犯一樣的錯(cuò)誤目前的困惑：What’sthemaintroublewhencorrectingacomposition?1.看不出句子有錯(cuò)。2.看出句子出錯(cuò)的地方,但無法改正。3.知道改正句子錯(cuò)誤的地方,但答案不正確。1.Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.(瀏覽全文，掌握大意-注意基本時(shí)態(tài)人稱）2.Readthepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.（分句閱讀，找錯(cuò)-重視邏輯）3.Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.（檢查核對(duì)，攻克難點(diǎn)）Stepsofcorrectingacomposition:

(一)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)1、通過動(dòng)詞形式（過去式、現(xiàn)在式-三單,將來式）和時(shí)間狀語確定短文的基本時(shí)態(tài)（兩種：現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)）。特別注意一篇文章同時(shí)含兩種時(shí)態(tài)（一般有明確的時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志）。一、動(dòng)詞

eg1.AfterthatIwenttoNo.6MiddleSchoolofDalianandgraduatethissummer.ThemainsubjectsIstudiedatschoolincludingChinese,maths,English,physics,chemicalandcomputer.IlikeEnglishandcomputerbestbutIamverygoodatthem.LastyearIhadwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningtopopularmusicandcollectstamps.Myfavouritesportareswimminginsummerandskatinginwinter.2、注意時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：區(qū)分hurt、cost、put、cut、hit、let、read、set、put、cast、burst

的正確時(shí)態(tài)。

過去時(shí)——ago\in2008\lastmonth\whenhewas...\yesterday\just

now\in

those

daysWhatareyoudoingwhenIcalledyou?Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.將來時(shí)——nextyear\in2018\inthefuture\tomorrow\soon\thisafternoon(evening/weekend),tonight,in...完成時(shí)——sofar\untilnow\for

ten

years\just,ever,never,yet,already,recently3.并列結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式的一致性(and，or，but前后的動(dòng)詞形式一樣)；Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas...Weweredrivingalonganarrowroadwhenthecarstop…Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestedinfootball.Myfavouritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam.

Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.Asisknowntousall,rememberingEnglishwordsarenoteasy.WritingEnglishandspeakingitisdifferentthings.Whathesaidatthemeetingwereveryimportanttous.Thepolicewaslookingforthemurderereverywhereinthecity.

（二）主謂一致（動(dòng)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、從句和表整體概念--時(shí)間、距離、重量作主語）；定語從句的謂語與先行詞一致。TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.I’dliketoyourpen-friend,andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.Whatyourfavouritesport?Ioftendreamofateacher.He∧(is)afraidofhisfather.Thematch∧(is)over（三）缺少謂語(多為be)；be+adj;beinfavorof

（四）主被動(dòng)語態(tài)。.Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.HehasaskedtosinginEnglish.…andletyouknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned.

（五）非謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用。-ing\-ed;介詞+doing；to+doing

Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.①不定式充當(dāng)各種成分，一般都不能缺少to。如：Shewentthere∧(to)seehermother.Heaskedmenot∧(to)gothere.Ihavesomethingimportant∧(to)tellyou.②make,let,have,see,hear,notice,observe,watch等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式前的to需還原。如：

Shewasmade

doheavywork.Theblindmanwasseen

crossthestreet.DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.

Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.錯(cuò)點(diǎn)自我歸納：

.

.

.

.

一

是名詞前的修飾成份（their.our.all.some.several…each.every）；Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.…andoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.二、名詞：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)?？紗螐?fù)數(shù)相同的名詞有：Chinese--Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese--Japanese日本人deer--deer鹿sheep--sheep羊means--means方法series--series系列三、連詞(并列連詞and,but,or,so；從句連詞)

漢語常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語里不行。如：Itbegantorain,∧(and)theyhadtostopthematch.(如果中間用分號(hào)可不用連詞)Itwaslate,wewenthome.Youlikesports,I’dratherread.Helookedforthekey,didn’tfindit.

受漢語影響，并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè)and。如：Shesmiled，saidgood-byetoherfather.名詞性從句that分句置于句首或作同位語時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如：

sheisbeautifulisknowntousall.

Weheardthenewsourteamhadwon.

even后可能缺少if或though。如：

Hewalksasheweredrunk..

…inotherplacesyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,ofthatsomemaybenovels.

…andwhetheryoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.Ialsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogether.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.

…butitdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.

四、介詞(多詞，少詞，介詞誤用)

固定短語和句型catchsightof,plentyof,insteadof,It’skindofsbtodosth.lotsof…，alotof…h(huán)avesthincommon.goforawalk,beangry(strict)withsb,bekind(nice\friendly\)to,gethelpfromadoctor,thanksfordoingsth,laughat，next,this,last短語中，無需加in,on,at介詞).be/feelsorryforsb.joinsbinsth

Wemustserveforhepeopleheartandsoul.Ifollowedthemanforawhile,andsawhimenterintothebank.Hereturnedbackat12:00SoonthenursemarriedwithmyfriendJim.Itookagreatmanyofphotographsinthemountains.InEnglishclass,weoftentalkeachotherinEnglish.

Don’ttalk.Whatthemansaysiswellworthlistening.Thechairlookshard,butitiscomfortabletosit.Shewasverykindandinsistedlendinghercartous.Pleaseclosethedooratnexttimeyoucomein.Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideineveryyear.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadtakingtheelevator.五、冠詞：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.在such或so+形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，不可缺a(an)。如：表示“有些”時(shí)，little,few前面不可缺少a。如：Don’thurry.Thereislittletimeleft.many前有g(shù)reat,good時(shí)，要加a。如：∧(a)greatmanypeople.若many后接單數(shù)名詞，中間須有a(an)。如：Many∧(a)manhastrieditbefore.

一些不可數(shù)名詞前，有形容詞修飾表示“一種(場(chǎng))等”時(shí)，要加a(an)。如：It’sfamousChinesetea.Therewasheavyrainlastnight.用專有名詞表示“一個(gè)像(叫)……的人”時(shí)，用a(an),如：HewishedtobeLeiFeng.MrWangcalledyouupjustnow.“形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo…”前必須用the。如：Heisbetteroneofthetwo.

IwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.Istartedwritingdownwordsfrom∧booksthatIread.Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina

六、代詞:指代對(duì)象一致，要符合邏輯關(guān)系。

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