2023年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案詳解

2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題及答案詳解PartIWriting （30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.大學(xué)生旳心理健康十分重要2.因此，學(xué)?？梢浴?.我們自己應(yīng)當(dāng)……HowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SupersizeSurpriseAskanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.1.NotenoughsleepItiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2023pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.2.ClimatecontrolWehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陳代謝旳)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(環(huán)境溫度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2023,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?Sadly，thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.3.LesssmokingBadnews:smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.4.GeneticeffectsYourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.5.Alittleolder…Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2023theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.6.MaturemumsMheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2023.Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2023thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechild;in2023itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.7.LikemarryinglikeJustaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers—particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren—itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Effectsofobesityonpeople’shealthB)ThelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesityC)NewexplanationsfortheobesityepidemicD)Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic2.IntheUSNurse’HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight_______.A)gainedtheleastweightB)wereinclinedtoeatlessC)foundtheirvigorenhancedD)werelesssusceptibletoillness3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat___________.A)itmakesussleepyB)itcausessleeplossC)itincreasesourappetiteD)itresultsfromlackofsleep4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?A)itmakesusstayindoorsmoreB)itacceleratesourmetabolicrateC)itmakesusfeelmoreenergeticD)itcontributestoourweightgain5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?A)itthreatenstheirhealthB)itheightenstheirspiritsC)itsuppressestheirappetiteD)itslowsdowntheirmetabolism6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFergal’sstudy?A)heavysmokersB)passivesmokersC)thosewhoneversmokeD)thosewhoquitsmoking7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof_______.A)thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeopleB)therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulationC)theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoodsD)theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremains__________.9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseof___________.10.Whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityis_____________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)HeisquiteeasytorecognizeB)HeisanoutstandingspeakerC)HelookslikeamoviestarD)Helooksyoungforhisage12.A)consultherdancingteacherB)takeamoreinterestingclassC)continueherdancingclassD)improveherdancingskills13.A)themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaidB)themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospitalC)thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjuryD)thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions14.A)theyarenotinstyleanymoreB)theyhavecosthimfartoomuchC)theynolongersuithiseyesightD)theyshouldbecleanedregularly15.A)hespilledhisdrinkontothefloorB)hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloorC)hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhomeD)herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone16.A)fixingsomefurnitureB)repairingthetoytrainC)readingtheinstructionsD)assemblingthebookcase17.A)urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudyB)helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexamsC)acttowardsJennyinamoresensiblewayD)sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter18.A)ThebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudgetB)TheproposedsiteisneartheresidentialareaC)ThelocalpeoplefeelinsecureaboutthedamD)ThedamposesathreattothelocalenvironmentQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A.ItsawtheendofitsboomingyearsworldwideB.Itsproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.C.ItbecamepopularinsomeforeigncountriesD.Itsdomesticmarketstartedtoshrinkrapidly.20.A.Theycostless.C.Theywereinfashion.B.Theytastedbetter.D.Theywerewidelyadvertised.21.A.Itissuretofluctuate.C.Itwillremainbasicallystable.B.Itisboundtorevive.D.ItwillseenomoremonopolyQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A.OrganisingprotestsC.Actingasitsspokesman.B.RecruitingmembersD.Savingendangeredanimals.23.A.Anti-animal-abusedemonstrationsB.Anti-nuclearcampaignsC.SurveyingtheAtlanticOceanfloorD.Removingindustrialwaste.24.A.Byharassingthem.C.Bytakinglegalaction.B.ByappealingtothepublicD.Byresortingtoforce.25.A.DoubtfulC.Indifferent.B.ReservedD.SupportiveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A.Theairbecomesstill.C.Thecloudsblockthesun.B.Theairpressureislow.D.Theskyappearsbrighter.27.A.Ancientpeoplewerebetteratforetellingtheweather.B.Sailors’sayingabouttheweatherareunreliable.C.Peopleknewlongagohowtopredicttheweather.D.Itwaseasiertoforecasttheweatherintheolddays.28.A.Weatherforecastisgettingmoreaccuratetoday.B.PeoplecanpredicttheweatherbytheirsensesC.Whoaretherealexpertsinweatherforecast.D.Weatherchangesaffectpeople’sliferemarkablyPassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A.Theyoftenfeelinsecureabouttheirjobs.B.Theyareunabletodecidewhattodofirst.C.Theyfeelburdenedwithnumeroustaskseveryday.Dtheyfeelburdenedwithnumeroustaskseveryday30.A.Analyzethemrationally.C.Turntoothersforhelp.B.Drawadetailedto-dolist.D.Handlethemonebyone.31.A.Theyhaveaccomplishedlittle.C.Theyhaveworkedoutawaytorelax.B.Theyfeelutterlyexhausted.D.Theynolongerfeelanysenseofguilt.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A.Theirperformancemayimprove.B.TheirimmunesystemmaybereinforcedC.Theirbloodpressuremayriseallofasudden.D.Theirphysicaldevelopmentmaybeenhanced.33.A.ImprovedmentalfunctioningC.SpeedingupofbloodcirculationB.IncreasedsusceptibilitytodiseaseD.Reductionofstress-relatedhormones34.A.Pretendtobeinbettershape.C.TurnmoreoftentofriendsforhelpB.Havemorephysicalexercise.D.Paymoreattentiontobodilysensations.35.A.Differentapproachestocopingwithstress.B.Variouscausesforserioushealthproblems.C.Therelationshipbetweenstressandillness.D.Newfindingofmedicalresearchonstress.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Oneofthemostcommonimagesofanadvanced,Western-stylecultureisthatofabusy,traffic-filledcity.Sincetheirfirst(36)______onAmericanroadways,automobileshavebecomea(37)______ofprogress,asourceofthousandsofjobsandanalmostinalienablerightforcitizens’personalfreedomofmovement.Inrecent(38)_______,our“l(fā)oveaffair”withthecarisbeing(39)________directlytothedevelopingworld,anditisincreasingly(40)_______thatthistransferisleadingtodisaster.American’salmostcompletedependenceonautomobileshasbeenaterriblemistake.Aslateasthe1950s,alarge(41)________oftheAmericanpublicusedmasstransit.A(42)________ofpublicpolicydecisionsandcorporateschemingsawtoitthatcountless(43)________andefficienturbanstreetcarandintra-cityrailsystemsweredismantled.(44)___________________________________________________.Ourliveshavebeenplannedalongaroadgrid—homesfarfromwork,shoppingfarfromeverything,withuglystretchesofconcreteandblacktopinbetween.DevelopingcountriesarecopyingWestern-styletransportationsystemsdowntothelastdetail.(45)_________________________________________________________.Pollutioncontrolmeasuresareeithernotstrictornonexistent,leadingtochokingcloudsofsmog.Gasolinestillcontainslead,whichisextremelypoisonoustohumans.(46)_____________________________________________________________________.Inadditiontopollutionandtrafficjams,autosafetyisacriticalissueindevelopingnations.PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswersheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oneofthemajorproducersofathleticfootwear,with2023salesofover$10billion,isacompanycalledNike,withcorporateheadquartersinBeaverton,Oregon.ForbesmagazineidentifiedNike’spresident,PhilipKnight,asthe53rd-richestmanintheworldin2023.ButNikehasnotalwaysbeenalargemultimillion-dollarorganization.Infact,Knightstartedthecompanybysellingshoesfromthebackofhiscarattrackmeets.Inthelate1950sPhilipKnightwasamiddle-distancerunnerontheUniversityofOregontrackteam,coachedbyBillBowerman.OneofthetoptrackcoachesintheU.S.,Bowermanwasalsoknownforexperimentingwiththedesignofrunningshoesinanattempttomakethemlighterandmoreshock-absorbent.AfterattendingOregon,KnightmovedontodograduateworkatStanfordUniversity;hisMBAthesiswasonmarketingathleticshoes.Oncehereceivedhisdegree,KnighttraveledtoJapantocontacttheOnitsukaTigerCompany,amanufacturerofathleticshoes.Knightconvincedthecompany’sofficialsofthepotentialforitsproductintheU.S.In1963hereceivedhisfirstshipmentofTigershoes,200pairsintotal.In1964,KnightandBowermancontributed$500eachtofromBlueRibbonSports,thepredecessorofNike.Inthefirstfewyears,Knightdistributedshoesoutofhiscaratlocaltrackmeets.ThefirstemployeeshiredbyKnightwereformercollegeathletes.Thecompanydidnothavethemoneytohire“experts”,andtherewasnoestablishedathleticfootwearindustryinNorthAmericafromwhichtorecruitthoseknowledgeableinthefield.Initsearlyyearstheorganizationoperatedinanunconventionalmannerthatcharacterizeditsinnovativeandentrepreneurialapproachtotheindustry.Communicationwasinformal;peoplediscussedideasandissuesinthehallways,onarun,oroverabeer.Therewaslittletaskdifferentiation.Therewerenojobdescriptions,rigidreportingsystems,ordetailedrulesandregulations.TheteamspiritandsharedvaluesoftheathletesonBowerman’steamscarriedoverandprovidedthebasisforthecollegialstyleofmanagementthatcharacterizedtheearlyyearsofNikes.47.Whileservingasatrackcoach,Bowermantriedtodesignrunningshoesthatwere_____________________.48.DuringhisvisittoJapan,KnightconvincedtheofficialsoftheOnitsukaTigerCompanythatitsproductwouldhave____________________________________.49.BlueRibbonSportsasunabletohireexpertsduetotheabsenceof____________________inNorthAmerica.50.IntheearlyyearsofNike,communicationwithinthecompanywasusuallycarriedout____________.51.WhatqualitiesofBowerman’steamsformedthebasisofNike’searlymanagementstyle?_______________________________________________________________.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.medievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分）capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat（棲息地）lossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons（正反兩方面）ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.52.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?A)ByitsproductivityC)ByitsimpactontheenvironmentB)ByitssustainabilityD)Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth53.Specialisationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin________.A)LocalisedpollutionC)competitionfromoverseasB)theshrinkingoffarmlandD)thedecreaseofbiodiversity54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?A)TheyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturiesB)TheyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowthC)TheyarenotnecessarilysustainableD)Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly55.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcenturyA)ItwillgothroughradicalchangesB)ItwillsupplymoreanimalproductsC)ItwillabandontraditionalfarmingpracticesD)Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment56Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A)ToremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopmentB)TosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproductionC)ToadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogressD)TourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureisPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired（陷入）inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandUnderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto(降入)segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcom