大鼠解剖圖譜中英文（課堂PPT）

RatDissectionThefollowing

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RatDissectionScientificName:

RattusnorvegicusCommonName:Rat

Kingdom-AnimaliaPhylum-ChordataSubphylum-VertebrataClass-MammaliaOrder-RodentiaRATS2RatDissectionThefollowingwebsiteswereusedtoobtainvariousdissectionpictures.(1)http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab

15/biolab15_1.html(2).au/home/jans/home/rat.htm(3)/bio3/rat_guide.html(4)/ratphotos/ratphotos.htm(5)/companat/BAA_289L_2004/heart/Rat/rat_thorax.htm(6)/courses/biog105/images/ratpics/unit6/(7)/dept/bio/RatDissection/index.htm

Thishasanexcellentselfquiz!UrogenitalTutorial-

.au/undergrad/erat/index.html

SOURCES3RatDissection

REMOVINGSKINSource#44RatDissection

REMOVINGSKINSource#75RatDissection

REMOVINGSKINSource#46RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Branchial:鰓的Externaauditorymeatus：外耳道Temporalis：顳肌Orbicularisoculi：眼輪匝肌parotidduct：腮腺導(dǎo)管7RatDissectionMUSCLES

Source#1側(cè)面皮大肌背闊肌嚼肌

頸外靜脈

二頭肌肋間肌8RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5脊三角肌肱三頭肌外側(cè)頭

肱三頭肌長頭

肘肩三角肌棒狀三角肌肱肌

肱二頭肌短頭腕近端頭部尾部遠(yuǎn)端9RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5肩峰斜方肌鎖三角肌脊三角肌肩三角肌肘前臂腕背側(cè)頭部尾部腹側(cè)10RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Wrist:腕關(guān)節(jié)Longheadofbicepsbrachi:肱二頭肌長頭Medialheadoftriceps:肱三頭肌內(nèi)側(cè)頭Coracobrachialis:喙頭肌Elbow：肘部Tensorfasciaeantebrachi:Longheadoftriceps:肱三頭肌長頭Axillaregion:腋部Shortheadofbicepsbrachi:肱二頭肌短頭Cranial:顱側(cè)Caudal:尾側(cè)Distal:遠(yuǎn)心端Proximal:近心端11RatDissectionMUSCLES

Source#1Externaljugularvein:頸外靜脈Pectoralismuscles:胸肌Triceps:肱三頭肌Biceps:二頭肌Masseter:咬肌12RatDissectionMUSCLES

Source#1Cutaneousmaximus:Externaljugularvein:頸外靜脈Lineaalba:腹白線13RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Transversusabdominis:腹橫肌Epigastricvein:腹壁下靜脈Rectusabdominis:腹直肌Internaloblique:腹內(nèi)斜肌Externaloblique:腹外斜肌Rostral:頭側(cè)Caudal:尾側(cè)Lateral:外側(cè)Medial:內(nèi)側(cè)14RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Thigh:大腿Hip:臀部Gluteusmaximus:臀大肌Caputvertebralis:Caputpelvis:Bicepsfemoris:股二頭肌Semitendinosus:半腱肌Vastuslateralis:股外側(cè)肌15RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Vastuslateralis:股外側(cè)肌Adductormagnus:大收肌Bicepsfemoris:股二頭肌Semimembranosus:半膜肌Cranial:顱側(cè)Caudal:尾側(cè)Dorsal:背側(cè)Ventral:腹側(cè)16RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Iliacus:髂肌Pectineus:恥骨肌Adductorlongus:長收肌Gluteusmedius:臀中肌Vastuslateralis:股外側(cè)肌Rectusfemoris:股直肌Vastusmedialis:股內(nèi)側(cè)肌Adductormagnus:大收肌Gracilis:股薄肌Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）淺屈肌17RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）淺屈肌Tibialiasanterior:脛骨前肌Flexordigitorumprofundis:指(趾）深屈肌Fibularislongus:Soleus:比目魚肌Lateralheadofgastrocnemius:腓腸肌外側(cè)頭Plantaris:跖肌medialheadofgastrocnemius:腓腸肌內(nèi)側(cè)頭Calcanealtendon:跟腱Heeloffoot:足跟18RatDissection

MUSCLESSource#5Plantaris:跖肌Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）淺屈肌Soleus:比目魚肌medialheadofgastrocnemius:腓腸肌內(nèi)側(cè)頭Calcanealtendon:跟腱Heeloffoot:足跟19RatDissection

ORALCAVITYSource#6Oralcavity:口腔Hardpalate:硬腭Softpalate:軟腭20RatDissectionORALCAVITYSource#6Saluvarygland:唾液腺21RatDissection

ABDOMINALCAVITYSource#422RatDissection

ABDOMINALCAVITYSource#423RatDissectionSource#7

ABDOMINALCAVITY24RatDissectionDIGESTIVE

ORGANS

Source#1Digestiveorgans:消化器官M(fèi)esentery:腸系膜Omentum:網(wǎng)膜25RatDissectionSource#6DIGESTIVE

ORGANS

Liver：肝臟Caecum:盲腸Smallintestine:小腸26RatDissectionSource#6DIGESTIVE

ORGANS

Duodenum:十二指腸Stomach:胃Spleen:脾臟Largeintestine:大腸27RatDissectionDIGESTIVE

ORGANS

Source#1diaphragm:膈Liver：肝臟Smallintestine:小腸Spleen：脾臟Caecum:盲腸28RatDissection

DIGESTIVE

ORGANSSource#5Caudalsideofdiaphragm:膈肌尾側(cè)面Medianlobeofliver:肝臟中葉Ligamentumtereshepatis:肝靜脈索Leftlobeofliver:肝臟左葉Stomach:胃Greateromentum:大網(wǎng)膜Smallintestines:小腸29RatDissectionDIGESTIVE

ORGANS

Source#1Duodenum:十二指腸Pancreas:胰腺Jejunum:空腸Ileum:回腸Colon:結(jié)腸Caecum:盲腸30RatDissectionSource#6DIGESTIVE

ORGANS

31RatDissectionDIGESTIVE

ORGANS

Source#1Transverselimb:橫結(jié)腸Ascendinglimb:升結(jié)腸Descendinglimb:降結(jié)腸32RatDissectionSource#1

THORACICCAVITY

Externaljugular:頸外靜脈Leftcommoncarotid:左頸總動(dòng)脈Leftsubclavian：左鎖骨下動(dòng)脈Aorticarch:主動(dòng)脈弓Leftpostcava:下腔靜脈Lung:肺臟Kidney:腎臟Leftatrium:左心房Leftventricle:左心室Rightprecava:上腔靜脈Innominate:Trachea:氣管33RatDissection

HEART+LUNGSSource#5Rightauricle:右心耳Thymus:胸腺Leftphrenicnerve:膈神經(jīng)Diaphragm:膈34RatDissectionRESPIRATORYORGANS

Source#135RatDissectionCIRCULATORYORGANS

Source#1Circulatoryorgans:循環(huán)器官R.

commoncarotidA.:右頸總動(dòng)脈R.SubclavianA.右鎖骨下動(dòng)脈InnominateA.:R.Atrium:右心房R.Lung:右肺Esophagus：食管Aorta:主動(dòng)脈Diaphragm：膈R.:rightL.:leftA.:arterial動(dòng)脈的36RatDissection

HEARTSource#5Rightauricle:右心耳Rightventricle:右心室Leftpulmonaryartery:左肺動(dòng)脈Leftauricle:左心耳37RatDissectionCIRCULATORYORGANS

Source#1Dorsal：背側(cè)的superiormesentericA.:腸系膜上動(dòng)脈CoeliacA.:腹主動(dòng)脈R.RenalV.:右腎靜脈Inferiorvenacava:下腔靜脈Kidney:腎臟Ovary:卵巢Dorsalaorta:背主動(dòng)脈Uterus:子宮R.CommoniliacA.:右髂總動(dòng)脈R.IliolumbarV.右髂腰靜脈R.OvarianV.右卵巢靜脈38RatDissectionUROGENITALORGANS

Source#1Urogenitalsystem:泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)Kidney：腎臟Ovary:卵巢Cornuaofuterus:子宮角39RatDissectionSource#5EXCRETORYORGANS

Pelvis:腎盂RenalV.:腎靜脈Cortex:皮質(zhì)Medulla:髓質(zhì)40RatDissectionSource#5UROGENITALORGANS

Rightkidney:右腎Uterinehornwithfeluses:有胚胎的子宮角Rightureter:右輸尿管Bladder:膀胱Leftadrenalgland:左腎上腺Rectum:直腸41RatDissection1.Trachea：氣管2.Heart：心臟3.Lung：肺臟4.Diaphragm：膈Source#2THORACICCAVITY

ReviewandQuizYourself42RatDissection1.RightAtrium：右心房2.RightVentricle：右心室3.LeftAtrium：左心房4.LeftVentricle：左心室Source#2HEARTReviewandQuizYourself43RatDissection1.JugularVein：頸靜脈2.CarotidArtery：頸動(dòng)脈3.SuperiorVenaCava：上腔靜脈4.AscendingAorta：升主動(dòng)脈5.Atrium(right)：心房（右）6.Ventricles：心室THORACICCIRCULATION

Source#2ReviewandQuizYourself44RatDissectionYoushouldbefamiliarwiththeorderofthepartsofthealimentarycanal.Followingthepaththatfoodwouldtake,wewouldpassthrough:熟悉消化道膈部分的順序和名稱。下圖標(biāo)明食物通過消化道的順序：OralCavity口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃PyloricSphincter幽門括約肌SmallIntestine小腸Duodenum十二指腸Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸LargeIntestine大腸Cecum盲腸Colon結(jié)腸-AscendingLimb升支-TransverseLimb橫支-DescendingLimb降支Rectum直腸Anus肛門Source#1ABDOMINALCAVITY

腹腔45RatDissection1.Liver肝2.Stomach胃3.Pancreas胰臟4.Duodenum十二指腸5.SmallIntestines小腸6.Cecum盲腸7.UrinaryBladder膀胱Source#2ABDOMINALCAVITY

腹腔

ReviewandQuizYourself46RatDissection1.AbdominalAorta腹主動(dòng)脈2.RenalArtery(left)腎動(dòng)脈（左）3.RenalVein(left)腎靜脈（左）4.InferiorVenaCava下腔靜脈5.HepaticPortal

Vein肝門靜脈ABDOMINALCIRCULATION

腹部血液循環(huán)Source#2ReviewandQuizYourself47RatDissection1.CoagulatingGland凝固腺2.UrinaryBladder膀胱3.VasDeferens輸精管4.Epididymis附睪5.SmallIntestines小腸6.SeminalVesicle精囊[腺]7.ProstateGland前列腺8.Penis陰莖9.Testis睪丸10.Scrotum陰囊MALEREPRODUCTIVEORGANS雄性生殖器官

Source#2ReviewandQuizYourself48RatDissectionStomach胃Kidney腎Ovary卵巢Oviduct輸卵管UterineHorn子宮角LargeIntestine大腸UrinaryBladder膀胱FEMALEREPRODUCTIVEORGANS雌性生殖器官Source#2ReviewandQuizYourself49RatDissection10.13.15.TAGGEDORGANSSource#7ReviewandQuizYourselfBicepsBrachii肱二頭肌Masseter嚼肌13RibCage胸廓50RatDissection

7.TAGGEDORGANSSource#7ReviewandQuizYourselfHeart心臟Trachea氣管Lung肺Esophagus食管51

1.17.18.RatDissectionTAGGEDORGANSSource#7ReviewandQuizYourselfCecum盲腸SmallIntestine小腸Ovary卵巢Diaphragm膈Liver肝Spleen脾52RatDissection24.26.

TAGGEDORGANSSource#7ReviewandQuizYourselfUterine

Horn子宮角UrinaryBladder膀胱53RatDissection

3.25.TAGGEDORGANSSource#7ReviewandQuizYourselfUreter輸尿管Kidney腎2025Rectum直腸Stomach胃Adrenal

Gland腎上腺54RatDissectionTowardthemidline朝中線方向Towardtheback(uppersurfaceofbody)朝向背部（動(dòng)物身體的上表面）Towardthetail朝向尾部Towardtheside朝向兩邊Farthestfromthepointofattachment附著點(diǎn)的最遠(yuǎn)端Towardthebelly(undersideofbody)朝向腹部（動(dòng)物身體的下表面）Closesttothepointofattachment附著點(diǎn)附近Towardthehead朝向頭部ReviewandQuizYourselfNAMETHATFUNCTION:Caudal尾側(cè)Lateral外側(cè)Cranial顱側(cè)Proximal近端Ventral腹側(cè)Distal遠(yuǎn)端Dorsal背側(cè)Medial內(nèi)側(cè)Here’sawordbanktohelpyouout:

Caudal

Cranial

Distal

Dorsal

Lateral

Medial

Proximal

VentralANATOMICALTERMS解剖術(shù)語55RatDissectionThetermreferringtobendingofajoint關(guān)節(jié)彎曲的術(shù)語Thetermreferringtomovementofanappendagetowardthelongaxisofthebody四肢向身體長軸方向移動(dòng)的術(shù)語Thetermreferringtostraighteningofajoint關(guān)節(jié)處伸直的術(shù)語Thetermreferringtomovementofanappendageawayfromthelongaxisofthebody四肢向身體長軸反方向移動(dòng)的術(shù)語ANATOMICALTERMS解剖術(shù)語ReviewandQuizYourselfNAMETHATFUNCTION:Adduction內(nèi)收Flexion俯屈Abduction外展Extension伸展56RatDissectionThewhiskers,whichhaveasensoryfunction有感知功能的胡須Theflap-likeexternalearthatdirectssoundwavesintotheearopening收集聲波片狀的外耳Pairedopeningsleadingintothenose鼻子的一對導(dǎo)氣孔Organsofthethoracicandabdominalcavities胸腔腹腔里的組織Apartitionorwallseparating2cavities分割兩腔的隔膜Amembranewhichsuspendstheorgans支持器官的膜Shinymembranethatlinestheabdominalcavity腹腔光滑的膜ReviewandQuizYourselfNAMETHATORGAN:Vibrissae觸須Pinna耳郭Nares鼻孔Mesentery腸系膜Septum隔膜Viscera內(nèi)臟Peritoneum腹膜Here’sawordbanktohelpyouout:

Mesentery

Nares

Peritoneum

Pinna

Septum

Vibrissae

VisceraORGANFUNCTION器官功能57RatDissectionAbductsthethigh大腿向外側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)Extendstheforelimb前肢伸直Constrictstheabdomen腹部收縮Closesthejaw關(guān)閉下顎Adductsthethigh大腿內(nèi)側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)Flexestheforelimb前肢彎曲Drawstheforelimbtowardthechest前肢向胸側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)Extendsthefoot伸腳Movestheforelimbdorsally+caudally前肢向背部和尾部運(yùn)動(dòng)ReviewandQuizYourselfNAMETHATMUSCLE:BicepsFemoris股二頭肌TricepsBrachii肱三頭肌ExternalObliques腹外斜肌BicepsBrachii肱二頭肌Gracilis股薄肌Masseter咬肌PectoralisMajor胸大肌Here’sawordbanktohelpyouout:

BicepsBrachii

BicepsFemoris

ExternalObliques

Gastrocnemius

GluteusMaximus

Gracilis

LatissimusDorsi

Masseter

PectoralisMajor

TricepsBrachiorGluteusMaximums臀大肌Gastrocnemius腓腸肌LatissimusDorsi背闊肌ORGANFUNCTION器官功能58RatDissectionProducesWBC’s(Whitebloodcells)產(chǎn)白細(xì)胞Movesfoodinmouthandtastes將食物移入嘴里，品嘗Organsforgasexchange換氣的器官Windpipeleadingfrompharynxtolungs由咽到肺的管道Bonyanteriorroofofmouth口腔前骨頂Muscularsheetthatseparatesthethoracicandabdominalcavities分開胸腔與腹腔的肌肉層Incisors(biting)andmolars(grinding)剪切和磨食物Muscularposteriorroofofmouth口腔頂尾部肌肉Affectsmetabolicrateandbodygrowth影響新陳代謝率和身體成長ReviewandQuizYourselfNAMETHATORGAN:Tongue舌頭Lungs肺Diaphragm橫膈膜HardPalate硬腭Trachea氣管Teeth牙齒Here’sawordbanktohelpyouout:

Diaphragm

HardPalate

Lungs

SoftPalate

Teeth

ThymusGland

ThyroidGland

Tongue

TracheaThymusGland胸腺SoftPalate軟腭ThyroidGland甲狀腺ORGANFUNCTION器官功能59RatDissectionProducesinsulinforglucosemetabolism產(chǎn)生胰島素的地方Aidsindigestionofproteins幫助蛋白質(zhì)消化的地方Foodtubefrompharynxtostomach將食物由咽部運(yùn)送至胃的導(dǎo)管Digestsandabsorbsnutrients營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化吸收的地方Foldsinstomachthathelpmixfood胃里幫助碾碎食物的摺Secretesbile,cleansblood,storesglycogen分泌膽汁，凈化血液，儲存糖原Cleansblood,removesoldRBC’s凈化血液，清除年老的紅細(xì)胞Reabsorptionofwater水重吸收Blindpouchwhereileumjoinscolon回腸與結(jié)腸連接處的盲段Endofintestines,compactionoffeces消化道尾端，壓縮排泄物ReviewandQuizYourselfNAMETHATORGAN:Stomach胃Esophagus食道Liver肝Rugae胃皺褶SmallIntestines小腸Spleen脾Here’sawordbanktohelpyouout:

Cecum

Esophagus

LargeIntestine

Liver

Pancreas

SmallIntestine

Spleen

Stomach

Rectum

RugaePancreas胰腺LargeIntestine大腸Cecum盲腸Rectum直腸ORGANFUNCTION器官功能60RatDissectionRemoveswastes+excessH20fromblood將血液中的廢物和多余的水除去的地方Housesdevelopingfetuses胎兒生長的地方Producesandstores