中藥方命名翻譯

中藥方命名翻譯

TranslationofTCMFormula楊明山參照國外資料1方藥常用術(shù)語方劑prescription,recipe,formula方劑學(xué)prescriptionology**1方藥常用術(shù)語與方劑有關(guān)的術(shù)語大方grandioseprescriptionsheavyprescription/patentprescription

(L)majorformula(W)小方minorprescriptionssmallprescription/lightprescriptionminorformula緩方mildprescriptiongentleformula急方prescriptionforemergency/urgentprescriptionurgentformula單方single-drugprescriptions/simpleprescriptionssimpleformula複方complexprescription/compositeprescriptioncompoundformula1方藥常用術(shù)語與方劑有關(guān)的術(shù)語(續(xù))奇方odd-numberedprescription**odd-numberformula偶方evenprescription**even-numberformula經(jīng)方classicalprescriptionclassicalremedy時方nonclassicalprescription

post-antiqueformula輕方lightprescriptionlightformula1方藥常用術(shù)語與方劑有關(guān)的術(shù)語(續(xù))宣劑dispersingprescriptions燥劑dryprescriptions洩劑purgativeprescriptions濕劑moisteningprescriptions重劑heavyprescriptions寒劑coldprescriptions滑劑lubricatingprescriptions熱劑heatprescriptions補劑tonicprescriptions升劑ascendingprescriptions澀劑astringentprescriptions降劑descendingprescriptions1方藥常用術(shù)語劑型prescriptiontypes1.湯劑(decoction)2.散劑(powder)3.丸劑(bolus,pellet,pill)蜜丸 honeyedbolus水丸 waterpellet/water-pastepill糊丸 pastepill濃縮丸 condensedpellet1方藥常用術(shù)語劑型prescriptiontypes(續(xù))4.膏劑(extract,ointmentandplaster)浸膏 extract流浸膏 liquidextract煎膏 decoctedpaste軟膏 ointment,paste硬膏 plaster5.丹劑(elixir,dan)6.酒劑(medicatedwine,vinum)7.茶劑(medicatedtea)8.藥露(distilledmedicinalwater/medicinaldew)1方藥常用術(shù)語劑型prescriptiontypes(續(xù))9.錠劑、餅劑(lozenge,pastille,trocheandmedicatedcake)10.片劑(tablet)11.糖漿劑(syrup)12.沖劑(granule,infusion*)13.灸劑(moxa-preparation)14.針劑(injection)15.栓劑(suppository)16.膠囊劑(capsule)1方藥常用術(shù)語配伍composition/combine配伍禁忌

contradictionofcompatibility七情sevenfeatures/relations≠affections*單行 singleapplication/goingalone相須 mutualpromotion/mutualneed相使 mutualenhancement/empowering相畏 mutualantagonism/fearing相惡 inhibition/aversion相殺 detoxification/killing相反 incompatibility/clashing1方藥常用術(shù)語炮制processing漂bleaching煨toasting蒸steaming泡soaking炒frying蒸露distillation水飛refiningwithwater烘baking煮boiling煅charring,calcining焙mildheating淬quenching炮roasting炙fryingwithliquids*/mix-fry熬simmering2中藥譯名2.1拉丁藥名植物中藥甘草 RadixGlycyrrhizae動物中藥蛇膽 Fel

Serpentis礦物中藥硫磺 NatriiSulfas2中藥譯名葯用植物拉丁名稱源於植物學(xué)名學(xué)名(屬名/種名)+入藥部分(根、花、果、葉……)天麻Rhizoma

Gastrodiae(屬名)枳殼Fructus

Aurantii(種名)秦艽

RadixGentiannae

Macrophyllae(全稱)2中藥譯名澤瀉Rhizoma

AlismatisAlisma

plantagorhizome車前子SemenPlantaginisPlantago

asiatica

SeedPlantago

depressaSeed2中藥譯名通草MedullaTetrapanacisTetrapanax

papyriferusMedulla薏苡仁SemenCoicisCoix

lachrymaSeed伏苓Poria

Cocos2中藥譯名須注意同物異名板藍根RadixIsatidis大青葉FoliumIsatidis3方劑命名與翻譯3.1以方中主要藥物命名a)以主藥一味命名麻黃湯(EphedraDecoction)桂枝湯(CinnamonTwigDecoction)b)以主藥二味命名桑菊飲(MulberryLeafandChrysanthemumBeverage)銀翹散(LoniceraandForsythiaPowder)c)以三味主藥命名麻黃連翹赤小豆湯(Ephedra,ForsythiaandRiceBeanDecoction)3方劑命名與翻譯3.2以方中全部組成藥物命名a)按組成各味藥物全名命名麻黃杏仁石膏甘草湯(麻杏石甘湯)Ephedra,ApricotKernel,GypsumandLicoriceDecoctionMaxingShiganDecoction3方劑命名與翻譯3.2以方中全部組成藥物命名b)取組成藥品中各一個字命名參桂朮甘湯Ginseng,CinnamonTwig,BigheadAtractylodesandLicoriceDecoctionShengui

ZhuganDecoction*參苓白朮散Ginseng,PoriaandBigheadAtractylodesPowderShenling

BaizhuPowder*3方劑命名與翻譯3.2以方中全部組成藥物命名(續(xù))c)按組成藥物味數(shù)命名四物湯FourAgentsDecoction六味湯Six-IngredientDecoctiond)按組成藥物味數(shù)與功效、作用結(jié)合命名四君子湯FourGentlemenDecoction四神丸FourSpiritsPill3方劑命名與翻譯3.3以功效命名溫脾湯SpleenWarmingDecoction3.4以方中有特殊作用的藥物命名十棗湯TenJujubesDecoction3.5以方中主藥的別名命名雞蘇散MintPowder3方劑命名與翻譯3.6以方中主藥物與功效或主治結(jié)合命名人參養(yǎng)榮丸GinsengConstruction-NourishingPill疏風(fēng)清熱湯Wind-CoursingHeat-ClearingDecoction荊防敗毒散SchizonepetaandLedebouriellaToxin-VanquishingPowder龍膽瀉肝湯GentianLiver-DrainingDecoction黃連解毒湯CoptisToxin-ResolvingDecoctionAntidotalDecoctionofCoptis3方劑命名與翻譯3.7特殊命名以服藥時間命名雞鳴散RoosterCrowingPowderCockcrowPowder**以比喻命名舟車丸喻行氣逐水之效BoatsandCartsPill以典故命名吳婆散「吳市吹簫」「寄食漂母」WupoPowder*3方劑命名與翻譯3.7特殊命名(續(xù))以方中藥物采集特點命名二至丸DoubleSupremePill以方中藥物入藥部分命名三子養(yǎng)親湯ThreeSeedsFilialDevotionDecoction以炮制法命名十灰散TenCindersPowder3方劑命名與翻譯方劑翻譯原則簡潔原則信息原則回譯原則4方劑示例清咽利膈湯Throat-ClearingDiaphragm-DisinhibitingDecoction清瘟敗毒飲Scourge-ClearingToxin-VanquishingBeverageAntipyreticandAntitoxicDecoction犀角地黃湯RhinocerosHornandRehmanniaDecoctionFairyDecoctionforTreatingCutaneousInfections銀花解毒湯HoneysuckleDecoctionforRelievingToxin4方劑示例清宮湯Palace-ClearingDecoction仙方活命飲ImmortalFormulaLife-GivingBeverage蒼耳子散XanthiumPowder通竅活血湯Orifice-FreeingBlood-QuickeningDecoction桃紅四物湯PeachKernelandCarthamusFourAgentsDecoction4方劑示例溫肺止流丹Lung-WarmingNose-DryingElixir補中益氣