國(guó)外食品檢驗(yàn)教程英文

TrendsandNeedsinFoodDiagnosticsLarissaKahr-BIT,AustriaMalinBr?nnback-TEKES,FinlandGabrielavonBlankenfeld-Enkvist-TEKES,FinlandAimoftheStudyInvestigatetechnologicaltrendsandneedsinFoodDiagnosticsUnderstandthefactorsthatshapeandinfluencethedevelopmentofthisfield.FocusBackgroundonfoodsafetymanagementtoolsDescriptionofthemethodscurrentlyusedandnewmethodsdevelopedThemarketforfooddiagnostics

DefinitionsFoodDiagnosticsappliesmodernmethodsdevelopedinhumaninvitrodiagnostictofoodRapidMethodscomprisesdifferenttypesoftestsMiniaturisedbiochemicalkitsAntibody-basedtestsNucleicacidhybridisation-basedtestsManual,semi-automatedorfullyautomated

DetectionBacteria,viruses,parasites,chemicals,biotoxins,heavymetalsandprionsInallstepsofthefoodchain-fromrawmaterialstoendproducts

FoodastestmatrixExtremelyvariedinitschemicalcompositionContainsmanydifferentingredientsMightcontainanintrinsicmicrobialfloraFrameFoodSafetyProcesscontrolismoreefficientthanproductcontrolThesafetyofaproductwithlowdefectratescannotbeguaranteedthroughsamplingandtestingThefocusischangingfromend-producttestingtoHACCPThishastobeconsideredwhendevelopingnewmethodswithintheconceptualframeoffoodsafetyMicrobiologicalmethodscanbedividedinto“traditional”or“conventional”methodsandrapidmethods

ConventionalMethodsConventionalmethodsrelyonculturingmicroorgansimsontoagarplatesLaboriousandtime-consuming84%ofalltestsarebasedoncountingviablecellsRequiredbynationalandinternationalregulatoryagenciesforofficialcontrolRapidMethodsAdvantagesinanalysistimePossibilitytoeliminatelabourintensivestepsPotentialforautomationHowever,lengthyincubationproceduresarestillnecessaryFirstone-shiftmethodsunderdevelopmentELISAandPCRaredominatingLackofacommonvalidationprocedureMostlynotacceptedforofficialcontrolpurposesMethodsAdvancesinViableCellCountMethodsMiniaturisationandDiagnosticKits,BiochemicalIdentificationTechniquesAntibody-basedmethodsImmunomagneticSeparationNucleicacid-basedassaysBiosensorsMicroarraysFlowCytometryBacteriophage-BasedTechniquesATPbioluminescenceAdenylatekinasebioluminescenceRiboprintingandPulse-FieldGelElectrophoresisViablecellcountingWillremainimportantfortheassessmentofsafetyandqualityoffoodproductsdevelopmentofsemi-automatedalternativemethodsnewmethodsarebasedongrowthandmetabolicactivityMicroscopicmethodsflowcytometryandcellsorting(FACS)ImmunoassaysELISA(withdipsticktechnology),ImmunochromatographyFullyautomatedsystemsalreadyonthemarketNewrecombinantantibodiesandmolecularimprintingtechniquestoimprovesensitivityandversatilityImmunomagneticSeparationSpeedupenrichmentstepsNodetectionmethoditselfCombinationwithdifferentend-detectionmethodstoimprove-Speedandsensitivity-Samplethroughput-Userfriendliness-AutomationexpectedinthenextfutureNucleicacidbasedassayDirectlyorafteramplificationwithPCRDevelopmentofhomogenousassaysandautomationimprovesroutineuseandreducesfalsepositiveresultsafterPCRNewassayformatsunderdevelopmentBiosensorsandMicroarraysOn-lineoron-site,sensitive,low-cost,rapidmethodsforroutine-usePrototypesunderdevelopmentHavehighpotentialforautomationSimpleandportableequipmentcanbedesignedApplicationswithinqualityandprocesscontrol,controloffermentationprocesses,qualityandsafetycontrolofrawmaterialsandforHACCPmonitoringHygienemonitoringNeedtodeveloprealtimemethodstomonitorcleaningprocedureMethodsshouldbecheap,robustATPbioluminescence,Adenylatekinase,biosensorapplicationsmightbefurtherdevelopedMethodsImplementationInhousealternativemethodsforviablecellcountshygienemonitoringchemicalanalysisOutsourcingpathogentestingTheMarketforFoodDiagnosticsDefinitionsFoodAnalysis:allfoodtestingFoodDiagnostics:foodtestingwithrapidmethodsMicrobiologicalTesting:alltestingformicroorganismsFoodMicrobiologicalTesting:alltestingformicroorganismsinfoodandbeveragesTheMarketforFoodDiagnosticsSomefiguresFoodanalysisglobalmarket€€1.1billionSharedbyabout50companiesUSAandEuropemakeupabout2/3€565millionglobalsalesforFoodmicrobiologicaltestsRapidmethods€115millionora20%totalmarketshareTechnologySales($USmillions)MarketShare(%)ELISA/EIA7061DNA2522Impedance109FlowCytometry54ATP54Total115100

FoodAnalysis(€million)

FoodDiagnostics(€million)%FoodDiagnostics(€million)Foodpathogens97,51315%Spoilage22037,517%Chemicalcontaminants5319,540%Processchemicals1201610%Total490,586

ValidationAOACvalidationbodyintheU.S.NordValandMicroValaretheNordicandEuropeanbodiesProblem:lackofacommonvalidationprocedureInhibitsestablishmentofrapidmethodsConclusionsManynewmethodsandtechnologiesarebeingdevelopedIncreasedsamplethroughputandefficiencythroughautomationThemarketforrapidmethodsissmallPenetrationofrapidmethodshasbeenslowLackofacommonvalidationprocedureinhibitsacceptanceofnewmethodsTheincentivetotransfertechnologiesmightbetoolowRecommendationsMicroarraysandbiosensorsshouldbetechnologicallyevaluatedNewmarketopportunitieswithinqualityandprocesscontrolshouldbeexploredThedevelopmentofnewmethodsshouldalwaysincludeeffortstoimplementthenewmethodTheformationofaprivateservicesectorshouldbeencouragedSecondaryFoodProcessingDomesticFoodPreparationFoodretailing

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