00836英語(yǔ)科技文選2010年07月試卷

浙00836#英語(yǔ)科技文選試卷第8頁(yè)（共8頁(yè)）全國(guó)2010年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)科技文選試題課程代碼：00836PARTA:VOCABULARYI.Directions:AddtheaffiXtoeachwordaccordingtothegivenChinese,makingchangeswhennecessary.(10%)1．interact 互相作用的2．1ap 與…部分重疊3．note 概念4．a(chǎn)tomic 亞原子的5．time 永恒的6．plant 移植7．contaminate 污染(名詞)8．super 極好地9．dechne 赤緯10．a(chǎn)udible 聽不見的II.Directions:Fillintheblanks,eachusingoneofthegiverwordsorphrasesbelowinitsproperform.(12%)borderon turnout allowfor pluginallatonce exposureto ashowerof coincidewithlinewith inadvance compatiblewith asnearas11.________theearphoneintothesocketmarkedwithPHONES.12.Hisbehavior________beingcrazy.13.MytriptoNewYork________Thanksgiving,soIhadabigturkeydinnerthere.14.Herfurcoat________silk.15.Thesubjectofthetalkisannouncedaweek________,butthenameofthespeakerisnot.16.Thosecomputerprogramsare________eachother;theycanrunatthesametime.17.________onecanguess,therewillbegreatprogressoneconomiccooperationbetweenthem.18.Thecompanyneededto________largerspindlesforlargermachinetools.19.Itisaveryfaintradiohissthatcomesfromeverydirection,________.20.Wemust________losingourwayinthedark.21.Thematerialwillcorrodeafterprolonged________acidicgases.22.A0620-00wasdiscoveredin1975,whenitemitted________lightandXrays.III.Directions:Fillineachblankwithasuitablewordgivenbelow.(8%)to in likeautomotive remains principle novel causesHydrogenisthefuelofthefuture.Unfortunately,oneproblem23:Hydrogenisagasandcannoteasilybepumpedintoatank24gasoline.Storage25theformofsolidhydrides,chemicalcompoundsofhydrogenandametalorsemimetal,aregoodstoragematerialsin26,buthavenotbeenwellsuited27automotiveapplications.AnAmericanresearchteamattheFordMotorCompanyinDearbornandtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,hasnowdevelopeda28hydridethatcouldbeausefulstartingpointforthedevelopmentoffuture29hydrogen-storagematerials.AsJunYangandhisteamhavereported,an“autocatalytic”reactionmechanism30thecompositemadeofthreedifferenthydridestorapidlyreleasehydrogenatlowertemperaturesandwithoutdangerousby-products.PARTB:TRANSLATIONIV.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,eachusingoneofthegivenwordsorphrasesbelow.(10%)projectoneselfintopuzzleovernowondershiftbedoomedto31.你或許覺察到重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移了。32.那道幾何題讓他苦苦思索了一個(gè)上午。33.設(shè)想你自己處于未來(lái)世界，描述一下半個(gè)世紀(jì)以后的生活。34.這個(gè)計(jì)劃從一開始就注定要失敗。35.難怪你找不到鑰匙，它掉到電視機(jī)后邊去了。V.Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.(15%)36.Ourobjectivewastocombinetheseapproachesandtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenperceivedairqualityandpsychosomaticsymptomsinadultsandrespiratoryandallergicillnessesamongschoolchildrenandtoscreenforpossiblebehavioralchangesrelatedtoairquality.Toachievethis,typicalruralcommunities(withoutindustrialsources)inthealpineareaofTyrolwithcontrastingamountsoftrafficexposureweresampledandcomparedwithrespecttotheobjectives.Trafficflowthroughthesevalleys(20%heavytrucks)hasquadrupledsince1970andconcernwasraisedaboutadeteriorationoflivingqualityintheseresidentialareas.PARTC:READINGCOMPREHENSIONVI.Directions:Readthroughthefollowingpassages.Choosethebestanswerandputtheletterinthebracket.(20%)(A)Everyyeargeohazards--suchasvolcanoes,earthquakes,landslidesandtsunamis–claimthousandsoflives,devastatehomesanddestroylivelihoods.Inanefforttoreducetheirimpact,morethan250scientistsfromaroundtheworldgatheredforafive-dayworkshopatESA'sEarthObservationCentreinFrascati,Italy,toadoptadeclarationforaninternationallycoordinatedprogramtohelpsavelivesandreducehumansufferingworldwide.Becauseoftheirunique,panoramicviewfromspace,EarthObservation(EO)satellitescanregularlymonitorhigh-riskregions--namelyovervolcanoes,majorlandslidesandseismicfaults.Satelliteimagerycombinedwithin-situmeasurementsmakeitpossibletoproducehazardmaps,disasterscenarios,forecastsandpost-eventassessmentsmaps.“Thisworkshopisverybeneficialbecauseitattractsexpertsfromapproximately40countriesinthefieldofgeohazardsandallowsustopresentresultsofEOapplicationsfromourrespectivecountries,”DrVernonH.Singhroy,SeniorResearchScientistattheCanadaCentreforRemoteSensing,said.“ESAisleadingthewayinsatelliteobservationsandapplicationsforgeohazards,”Singhroycontinued.“Asacommunity,welearnfromtheextensiveapplicationsofgeohazardprocesses,suchasInSARmonitoring,acrossEuropeconductedthroughESAprograms.DatafromSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)instrumentslikethoseflownaboardESA'sEnvisatandERS-2satellitesarethebasisforatechniquecalledSARinterferometry,orInSARforshort.InSARinvolvescombiningtwoormoreradarimagesofthesamegroundlocationinsuchawaythatveryprecisemeasurements--downtoascaleofafewmillimetres--canbemadeofanygroundmotiontakingplacebetweenimageacquisitions.Becauseverysmallmovementscanpotentiallybedetectedacrosstectonicplatesgrindingpastoneanotherortheslow“breathing”ofactivevolcanoes,forexample,InSARhasachievedspectacularresultsinvariousfieldssuchasthemonitoringofvolcanoes,earthquakes,landslidesandlandsubsidence.“Theintegrationofin-situobservationswithsatelliteobservationshelpsustobetterunderstandandforecastspecificgeologicalphenomenalikevolcanoesandseismicsites,”saidJacquesVaret,DirectorofStrategicPlanningforGeoscienceforasustainableEarth(BRGM)andVicePresidentofEuroGeoSurveys.“In-situobservationshavealocalapproachwhilespace-basedobservationshaveaglobalapproach.Withthesecommunitiesworkingtogether,weintegrateourapproachandenlargeourhorizon.”37.WhichofthefollowingwouldprobablyNOTbefoundingeohazards?（）A.Aheavyfallofearthandrocksdownthesideofamountain.B.Aheavyrain.C.Alonghighseawave.D.Anejectionoflava.38.Hazardmapscanbeproducedwith_______.()A.thepicturestakenbythesatelliteB.themeasurementsmadebythesatelliteC.thepicturestakenandthemeasurementsmadebythesatelliteD.thepicturestakenbythesatelliteandthemeasurementsmadewherethehazardoccurred39.Theword“seismic”inline2,para2,isclosestinmeaningto______.()A.relatingtoearthquakesB.relatingtolandsubsidenceC.relatingtotsunamisD.relatingtolandslides40.WhatcanbeinferredaboutESAfromthepassage?()A.ItisaspaceorganizationinEurope.B.ItisaspaceorganizationinItaly.C.ItisageologicalorganizationinEurope.D.ItisageologicalorganizationinItaly.41.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagree?()A.InSARcanpredictvolcanoes,earthquakes,landslidesandlandsubsidence.B.InSARcanmakeprecisemeasurementsofanygroundmotion.C.In-situobservationsandsatelliteobservationsjointlyhelptobetterunderstandandforecastspecificgeohazards.D.ESAisleadingthewayinsatelliteobservationsandapplicationsforgeohazards.(B)Non-indigenousspeciesofplantsandanimalsarrivebywayoftwogeneraltypesofpathways.First,specieshavingoriginsoutsidetheUSmayenterthecountryandbecomeestablishedeitherasfree-livingpopulationsorunderhumancultivation--forexample,inagriculture,horticulture,aquaculture,oraspets.Somecultivatedspeciessubsequentlyescapeorarereleasedandalsobecomeestablishedasfree-livingpopulations.Second,speciesofeitherUSorforeignoriginandalreadywithintheUSmayspreadtonewlocales.Pathwaysofbothtypesincludeintentionalaswellasunintentionalspeciestransfers.Ratesofspeciesmovementdrivenbyhumantransformationsofnaturalenvironmentsaswellasbyhumanmobility-throughcommerce,tourism,andtravelgreatlyexceednaturalratesbycomparison.Whilegeographicdistributionsofspeciesnaturallyexpandorcontractoverhistoricaltimeintervals,species’rangesrarelyexpandthousandsofmilesoracrossphysicalbarrierssuchasoceansormountains.Habitatmodificationcancreateconditionsfavorabletotheestablishmentofnon-indigenousspecies.Soildisturbedinconstructionandagricultureisopenforcolonizationbynon-indigenousweeds,whichinturnmayprovidehabitatsforthenon-indigenousinsectsthatevolvedwiththem.Human-generatedchangesinfirefrequency,grazingintensity,aswellassoilstabilityandnutrientlevelssimilarlyfacilitatethespreadandestablishmentofnon-indigenousplants.Whenhumanchangestonaturalenvironmentsspanlargegeographicalareas,theyeffectivelycreatepassagesforspeciesmovementbetweenpreviouslyisolatedlocales.TherapidspreadoftheRussianwheataphidtofifteenstatesinjusttwoyearsfollowingits1986arrivalhasbeenattributedinparttotheprevalenceofalternativehostplantsthatareavailablewhenwheatisnot.Manyofthesearenon-indigenousgrassesrecommendedforplantingonthefortymillionormoreacresenrolledintheUSDepartmentofAgricultureConservationReserveProgram.Anumberoffactorsperplexquantitativeevaluationoftherelativeimportanceofvariousentrypathways.Timelagsoftenoccurbetweenestablishmentofnon-indigenousspeciesandtheirdetection,andtracingthepathwayforalong-establishedspeciesisdifficult.Expertsestimatethatnon-indigenousweedsareusuallydetectedonlyafterhavingbeeninthecountryforthirtyyearsorhavingspreadtoatleasttenthousandacres.Inaddition,federalportinspection,althoughamajorsourceofinformationonnon-indigenousspeciespathways,especiallyforagriculturepests,providesdataonlywhensuchspeciesenterviaclosely-examinedroutes.Finally,somecomparisonsbetweenpathwaysdefyquantitativeanalysisforexample,whichismore“important”:theentrypathofoneveryharmfulspeciesoronebywhichmanybutlessharmfulspeciesenterthecountry?42.Whichofthefollowingaboutspeciesmovementisbestsupportedbythepassage?()A.Humanfactorsaffectitsratesmorethanitslong-termamount.B.Naturalexpansionsofspeciesaccountfortheirslowcontractions.C.Naturalenvironmentscreatedbyhumanfacilitatespeciesmovement.D.Long-rangespeciesmovementreliesontherangesofman’smobility.43.Accordingtothepassage,theUSDepartmentofAgriculture______.()A.isliableforthefastdistributionoftheRussianwheatpestB.failedtoisolatetheRussianwheataphidinlimitedlocalesC.providesdataaboutforeignspeciesimportedbyregulatedroutesD.isresponsibleforintroducingharmfulplantsontofederallands44.AllofthefollowingaffectthemovementofspeciesEXCEPT_____.()A.earthfertility B.importrestrictionsC.naturalobstacles D.firedisasters45.Todeterminetheentrypathwayforanon-nativespeciesisLEASTlikelytodependon_____.()A.whetherthespeciesisconsideredtobeapestB.whetherthespeciesentersbyaclosely-checkedrouteC.therateatwhichthespeciesextendsgeographicallyD.themagnitudeoftheaveragenumberofthespecies46.Whichofthefollowingmaybestexpressthepurposeofthelastparagraph?()A.Toexplainthedifficultiesintracingthepathwaysforlong-establishedspecies.B.Todescribetheeventsleadingtothedetectionofnon-indigenousspecies.C.ToidentifytheproblemsinassessingtheweightofentrytracksforforeignspeciesD.Todiscusstheroleoftimelagsandgeographicexpansioninspeciesdetection.VII.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthenfillinthetablewiththeinformationbasedonthepassage.(10%)Everyonceinawhilethegovernmentherepassesoutanorderbanningshopkeepersfromprovidingplasticbagstocustomersforcarryingtheirpurchases,withlittlelastingeffect.Plasticbagsareverypopularwithbothretailersaswellasconsumersbecausetheyarecheap,strong,lightweight,functional,aswellasahygienicmeansofcarryingfoodaswellasothergoods.Eventhoughtheyareoneofthemodernconveniencesthatweseemtobeunabletodowithout,theyareresponsibleforcausingpollution,killingwildlife,andusinguptheprecious