英美文學II期末復習范圍

-.z英美文學II期末考試題型和復習圍題型分布：I.

Multiplechoice.〔20%,2pointsforeach〕II.Matching.(10%,1pointforeach)III.LiteraryTerms.(20%,4pointsforeach)IV.LiteraryTranslation.(20%)V.Literaryworkanalysis.(30%,15pereach)BenjaminFranklin:TheAutobiography(富蘭克林自傳);PoorRichard’sAlmanac(窮理查年鑒)托馬斯·恩〔ThomasPaine):theageofreason(理性時代);theAmericancrisis(美國危機)華盛頓·歐文(WashingtonIrving：TheSketchBook〔見聞札記〕，ahistoryofNewYork〔紐約外史〕JamesFenimoreCooper〔詹姆斯·費尼莫爾·庫柏〕:殺鹿者〔TheDeerslayer〕最后的莫希干人(TheLastoftheMohicans)?探路人?ThePathfinder?拓荒者?(ThePioneer)?大草原?(ThePrairie)thefivenovelsprise(TheLeatherstockingTales)皮襪子故事集5.威廉·卡倫·布萊恩特〔WilliamCullenBryant):ToaWaterfowl?致水鳥??死亡隨想?(Thanatopsis)即英文“死亡觀〞〔viewofdeath〕的希臘文NathanielHawthorne(納撒尼爾·霍桑):帶七個尖頂?shù)拈w樓(TheHouseoftheSevenGables)紅字〔TheScarletLetter〕古宅青苔(MossesfromTheOldManse)TheMarbleFaun?玉石人像?HermanMelville:赫爾曼·梅爾維爾?白鯨?Moby-Dick?泰比?TypeeOmoo?奧姆?Redburn?雷德伯恩??白外套?White-Jacket?水手比利·巴德?BillyBudd亨利·沃茲沃斯·朗費羅(HenryWadsworthLongfellow)APsalmofLife人生禮贊TheSongofHiawatha(海華沙之歌)我逝去的青春mylostyouthTheSlave’sDream奴隸的夢沃爾特·惠特曼〔WaltWhitman)?草葉集?〔LeavesofGrass〕哈麗葉特·比切·斯托〔HarrietBeecherStowe)湯姆叔叔的小屋UncleTom'sCabin11.馬克·吐溫〔MarkTwain〕:?漢尼拔雜志?〔HannibalJournal〕TheAdventuresofTomSawyer?湯姆·索亞歷險記?密西西比河上的生活LifeontheMississippi?哈克貝利·費恩歷險記?〔AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn)?鍍金時代?thegildedageInnocentsAbroad〔流浪漢在外〕MissouriCourierRoughingIt?苦行記?O.Henry歐·亨利?警察與贊美詩?〔TheCopandtheAnthem〕HenryJames亨利·詹姆斯TheAmerican?美國人?DaisyMiller?黛西·米勒?ThePortraitofaLady?一位女士的畫像?TheBostonians?波士頓人?TheWingsoftheDove?鴿翼?TheAmbassadors?使節(jié)?TheGoldenBowl?金碗?JackLondon杰克·倫敦MartinEden,馬丁·伊登TheCalloftheWild?野性的呼喚?TheSeaWolf?海狼?WhiteFang?白牙?TheodoreDreiser西奧多·德萊塞:sistercarrie?嘉莉妹妹?Jenniegerhardt?珍妮姑娘?AnAmericanTragedy?美國悲劇?EzraPound埃茲拉·龐德HughSelwynMauberley?休·賽爾溫·毛伯利?TheCantos?詩章?EdwinArlingtonRobinson埃德溫·阿林頓·羅賓遜RichardCory理查德·科里MiniverCheevy米尼弗契維thehouseonthehillRobertFrost羅伯特·弗羅斯特:MountainInterval?山間?NewHampshire新罕布什爾州CarlSandburg桑德堡:chicagofogWallaceStevens華萊士·史蒂文斯AnecdoteoftheJar壇子軼事ThomasStearnsEliot托馬斯·斯特爾那斯·艾略特PrufrockandOtherObservations?普魯弗洛克及其他?TheSacredWood?神圣的樹林?TheWasteLand?荒原?FourQuartets?四個四重奏?FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德:ThisSideofParadise人間天堂TheBeautifulandDamned美麗與消滅TenderIstheNight夜色溫柔TheGreatGatsby了不起的蓋茨比ErnestMillerHemingway歐斯特·米勒爾·海明威:TheSunAlsoRises?太陽照樣升起?AFarewelltoArms?永別了，武器?ForWhomtheBellTolls?喪鐘為誰而鳴?TheOldManandtheSea?老人與海?JohnSteinbeck約翰·斯坦貝克:TortillaFlat?煎餅坪?OfMiceandMen?人鼠之間?TheLongValley長谷TheGrapesofWrath?憤怒的葡萄?WilliamFaulkner威廉·?？思{:TheSoundandtheFury?喧嘩與騷動?AsILayDying?我彌留之際?LightinAugust?八月之光?Absalom,Absalom!?押沙龍，押沙龍！?Sanctuary?圣殿?TheHamlet?村子?GoDown,Moses?去吧，摩西?26.EugeneO'Neill尤金·奧尼爾:TheEmperorJones

?瓊斯皇帝?TheHairyApe?毛猿?AnnaChristie安娜·克里斯蒂名詞解釋20個：Metaphor：隱喻Ametaphorisafigureofspeechthatidentifiessomethingasbeingthesameassomeunrelatedthingforrhetoricaleffect,thushighlightingthesimilaritiesbetweenthetwo.Whileasimileparestwoitems,ametaphordirectlyequatesthem,andsodoesnotnecessarilyapplyanydistancingwordsofparison,suchas"like"or"as".Ametaphorisatypeofanalogyandiscloselyrelatedtootherrhetoricalfiguresofspeechwhichachievetheireffectsviaassociation,parisonorresemblance-includingallegory,hyperbole,andsimile.;LostGeneration：迷惘的一代The"LostGeneration"wasthegenerationthatcameofageduringWorldWarI.ThetermwaspopularizedbyErnestHemingway,whouseditasoneoftwocontrastingepigraphsforhisnovel,TheSunAlsoRises.InthatvolumeHemingwaycreditsthephrasetoGertrudeStein,whowasthenhismentorandpatron.ThisgenerationincludeddistinguishedartistssuchasF.ScottFitzgerald,[1]T.S.Eliot,JohnDosPassos,WaldoPeirce。FiresidePoets爐邊詩人：TheFiresidepoets(alsocalledthe"schoolroom"or"household"poets)werethefirstgroupofAmericanpoetstorivalBritishpoetsinpopularityineithercountry.TheyfrequentlyusedAmericanlegendsandscenesofAmericanhomelifeandcontemporarypolitics(asinHolmes's"OldIronsides"andLowell'santi-slaverypoems)astheirsubjectmatter。transcendentalism：超驗主義Transcendentalismwasareligiousandphilosophicalmovementthatdevelopedduringthelate1820sand'30s[1]intheEasternregionoftheUnitedStatesasaprotestagainstthegeneralstateofspiritualityand,inparticular,thestateofintellectualismatHarvardUniversityandthedoctrineoftheUnitarianchurchastaughtatHarvardDivinitySchool.Amongthetranscendentalists'corebeliefswastheinherentgoodnessofbothpeopleandnature.Theybelievethatsocietyanditsinstitutions—particularlyorganizedreligionandpoliticalparties—ultimatelycorruptthepurityoftheindividual.Theyhavefaiththatpeopleareattheirbestwhentruly"self-reliant"andindependent.Itisonlyfromsuchrealindividualsthattruemunitycouldbeformed.Realism：Realismisaliterarytermwhichissowidelyusedastobemoreorlessmeaninglesse*ceptwhenusedincontradistinctiontosomeothermovement,suchasNaturalism,E*pressionism,Surrealism.TheoriginaldefinitionofrealismbySirP.Harveywas"alooselyusedtermmeaningtruthtotheobservedfactsoflife(especiallywhentheyaregloomy)."Realismhasbeenchieflyconcernedwiththemonplacesofeverydaylifeamongthemiddleandlowerclasses,wherecharacterisaproductofsocialfactorsandenvironmentistheintegralelementinthedramaticplications.Realisminliteratureisanapproachthatattemptstodescribelifewithoutidealizationorromanticsubjectivity.Althoughrealismisnotlimitedtoanyonecenturyorgroupofwriters,itismostoftenassociatedwiththeliterarymovementin19th-centuryFrance,specificallywiththeFrenchnovelistsFlaubertandBalzac.Inthedrama,realismismostcloselyassociatedwithIbsen'ssocialplays.Laterwritersfeltthatrealismlaidtoomuchemphasisone*ternalreality.Many,notablyHenryJames,turnedtoapsychologicalrealismthatcloselye*aminedtheple*workingsofthemind(streamofconsciousness).6.freeverse：自由詩isanopenformofpoetry.Itdoesnotuseconsistentmeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.Itthustendstofollowtherhythmofnaturalspeech7.Imagism意象主義：Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.IthasbeendescribedasthemostinfluentialmovementinEnglishpoetrysincetheactivityofthePre-Raphaelites.[1]AsapoeticstyleitgaveModernismitsstartintheearly20thcentury,[2]andisconsideredtobethefirstorganizedModernistliterarymovementintheEnglishlanguage.[3]Imagismissometimesviewedas'asuccessionofcreativemoments'ratherthananycontinuousorsustainedperiodofdevelopment.[4]RenéTaupinremarkedthat'ItismoreaccuratetoconsiderImagismnotasadoctrine,norevenasapoeticschool,butastheassociationofafewpoetswhowereforacertaintimeinagreementonasmallnumberofimportantprinciples'.8.regionalism：9.Romanticism：Romanticism(alsotheRomanticeraortheRomanticperiod)wasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheappro*imateperiodfrom1800to1850.ItwaspartlyareactiontotheIndustrialRevolution,[1]thearistocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenment,andthescientificrationalizationofnature.[2]Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography,[3]education,[4]andthenaturalsciences.[5]Ithadasignificantandple*effectonpolitics,andwhileformuchoftheRomanticperioditwasassociatedwithliberalismandradicalism,itslong-termeffectonthegrowthofnationalismwasperhapsmoresignificant.Themovementemphasizedintenseemotionasanauthenticsourceofaesthetice*perience,placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsasapprehension,horrorandterror,andawe—especiallythatwhichise*periencedinconfrontingthenewaestheticcategoriesofthesublimityandbeautyofnature.Itconsideredfolkartandancientcustomtobenoblestatuses,butalsovaluedspontaneity,asinthemusicalimpromptu.IncontrasttotherationalandClassicistidealmodels,Romanticismrevivedmedievalism[6]andelementsofartandnarrativeperceivedtobeauthenticallymedievalinanattempttoescapepopulationgrowth,urbansprawl,andindustrialism.10:apostrophe(figureofspeech)：isane*clamatoryfigureofspeech.Itoccurswhenaspeakerbreaksofffromaddressingtheaudience(e.g.inaplay)anddirectsspeechtoathirdpartysuchasanopposinglitigantorsomeotherindividual,sometimesabsentfromthescene.Oftentheaddresseeisapersonifiedabstractqualityorinanimateobject.[2][3]IndramaticworksandpoetrywritteninortranslatedintoEnglish,suchafigureofspeechisoftenintroducedbythevocativee*clamation"O".Poetsmayapostrophizeabeloved,theMuse,God,love,time,oranyotherentitythatcan’trespondinreality.modernism;narrator;epigraph;postmodernliterature;hyperbolenaturalism;personification;HarlemRenaissance;essay;allusionAmericanRenaissance;theme;simile;symbol;pointofview文學翻譯5段話?獨立宣言?節(jié)選：課本第一冊35頁第二段前13行。Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thattheyareamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongthem,derivingtheirjustpowerfromtheconsentofthegoverned.Thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbeesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewgovernment,layingitsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingitspowersinsuchform,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirsafetyandhappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatgovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses;andaccordinglyalle*periencehathshownthatmankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileevilsaresufferable,thantrightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.我們認為下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主賦予他們假設干不可讓與的權(quán)利，其中包括生存權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利。為了保障這些權(quán)利，人們才在他們中間建立政府，而政府的正當權(quán)利，則是經(jīng)被統(tǒng)治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦對這些目標的實現(xiàn)起破壞作用時，人民便有權(quán)予以更換或廢除，以建立一個新的政府。新政府所依據(jù)的原則和組織其權(quán)利的方式，務使人民認為唯有這樣才最有可能使他們獲得平安和幸福。假設真要審慎的來說，成立多年的政府是不應當由于無關緊要的和一時的原因而予以更換的。過去的一切經(jīng)歷都說明，任何苦難，只要尚能忍受，人類還是情愿忍受，也不想為申冤而廢除他們久已習慣了的政府形式.2.?論自立?節(jié)選：課本第一冊144頁第一段第一行至第九行開場，以及145頁第一段最后三行。Notfornothingoneface,onecharacter,onefact,makesmuchimpressiononhim,andanothernone。一臉，一個人，一件事，在他那里而不是另外一個人那里留下深刻印象。Amanisrelievedandgaywhenhehasputhisheartintohisworkanddonehisbest;butwhathehassaidordoneotherwise,shallgivehimnopeace.Itisadeliverancewhichdoesnotdeliver.Intheattempthisgeniusdesertshim;nomusebefriends;noinvention,nohope.一個人假設能竭盡所能，全心投入，就能獲得寬慰和愉悅，否則，他將永無寧日，無法從拯救中獲得拯救。最終，他的天才會棄他而去，他會失去靈感的眷顧，失去創(chuàng)造力，失去希望。?論自立?節(jié)選：課本第一冊160頁最后一段。IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.Ididnotwishtolivewhatwasnotlife,livingissodear;nordidIwishtopractiseresignation,unlessitwasquitenecessary.Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife,tolivesosturdilyandSpartan-likeastoputtoroutallthatwasnotlife,tocutabroadswathandshaveclose,todrivelifeintoacorner,andreduceittoitslowestterms,and,ifitprovedtobemean,whythentogetthewholeandgenuinemeannessofit,andpublishitsmeannesstotheworld;orifitweresublime,toknowitbye*perience,andbeabletogiveatrueaccountofitinmyne*te*cursion.Formostmen,itappearstome,areinastrangeuncertaintyaboutit,whetheritisofthedevilorofGod,andhavesomewhathastilyconcludedthatitisthechiefendofmanhereto"glorifyGodandenjoyhimforever."

我到林中去，因為我希望慎重地生活，只面對生活的根本領實，看看我是否學得到生活要教育我的東西，免得到了臨死的時候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)我根本就沒有生活過。我不希望度過非生活的生活，生活是那樣的得意；我卻也不愿意去修行過隱逸的生活，除非是萬不得已。我要生活得深深地把生命的精華都吸到，要生活得穩(wěn)穩(wěn)當當，生活得斯巴達式的，以便鏟除一切非生活的東西，劃出一塊刈割的面積來，細細地刈割或修剪，把生活壓縮到一個角隅里去，把它縮小到最低的條件中，如果它被證明是卑微的，則就把那真正的卑微全部認識到，并把它的卑微之處公布于世界；或者，如果它是崇高的，就用切身的經(jīng)歷來體會它，在我下一次遠游時，也可以作出一個真實的報道。因為，我看，大多數(shù)人還確定不了他們的生活是屬于魔鬼的，還是屬于上帝的呢，然而又多少有點輕率地下了判斷，認為人生的主要目標是“歸榮耀于神，并永遠從神那里得到喜悅〞?！?遲譯〕?馬丁·伊登?節(jié)選：課本第二冊105頁倒數(shù)第二段。Hergazerestedforamomentonthemuscularneck,heavycorded,almostbull-like,bronzedbythesun,spillingoverwithruggedhealthandstrength.Andthoughhesatthere,blushingandhumble,againshefeltdrawntohim.Shewassurprisedbyawantonthoughtthatrushedintohermind.Itseemedtoherthatifshecouldlayhertwohandsuponthatneckthatallitsstrengthandvigorwouldflowouttoher.Shewasshockedbythisthought.Itseemedtorevealtoheranundreameddepravityinhernature.Besides,strengthtoherwasagrossandbrutishthing.Heridealofmasculinebeautyhadalwaysbeenslendergracefulness.Yetthethoughtstillpersisted.Itbewilderedherthatsheshoulddesiretoplaceherhandsonthatsunburnedneck.Intruth,shewasfarfromrobust,andtheneedofherbodyandmindwasforstrength.Butshedidnotknowit.Sheknewonlythatnomanhadeveraffectedherbeforeasthisonehad,whoshockedherfrommomenttomomentwithhisawfulgrammar.她的目光在那肌肉興旺的脖子上停留了片刻，那脖子被太陽曬成了青銅色，筋位突出，洋溢著粗糙的**與強力，幾乎像公牛。他雖只紅著臉忸怩地坐在那兒，她卻再一次感到了他的吸引力。一個放肆的動機在她心里閃過，叫她吃了一驚。她覺得假設是她能用雙手接住他的脖子，那氣力便會向她流注。這動機令她大為驚奇，似乎向她泄露了她*種連做夢也不曾想到的低劣天性。何況在她心里育力原是粗魯野蠻的東西，而她理想的男性美一向是修長而瀟灑。剛剛那動機仍然索繞著她。她竟然渴看用雙手往樓那胞成青銅色的脖子，這叫她惶惑。事實是她自己一點也不強健，她的身體和心靈都需要強力，可她并不知道。她只知道以前從沒有男人對她產(chǎn)生過像眼前這人一樣的影響，而這人卻屢次用他那可怕的語法令她震動?永別了，武器?節(jié)選：課本第二冊212頁第二段。OnceincampIputalogontopofthefireanditwasfullofants.Asitmencedtoburn,theantsswarmedoutandwentfirsttowardthecentrewherethefirewas;thenturnedbackandrantowardtheend.Whentherewereenoughontheendtheyfelloffintothefire.Somegotout,theirbodiesburntandflattened,andwentoffnotknowingwheretheyweregoing.Butmostofthemwenttowardthefireandthenbacktowardtheendandswarmedonthecoolendandfinallyfelloffintothefire.Irememberthinkingatthetimethatitwastheendoftheworldandasplendidchancetobe