中國(guó)人民大學(xué)5研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(一)試題及答案

2015年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一）試題及答案\o"分享到QQ空間"\o"分享到新浪微博"\o"分享到騰訊微博"\o"分享到人人網(wǎng)"\o"分享到微信"Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.

While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,"Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin."

Theteamalsodevelopeda"friendshipscore"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.

Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13than"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.

Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.

1Awhat

Bwhy

Chow

Dwhen

2Adefended

Bconcluded

Cwithdrawn

Dadvised

3Afor

Bwith

Cby

Don

4Aseparated

Bsought

Ccompared

Dconnected

5Atests

Bobjects

Csamples

Dexamples

6AinsignificantBunexpected

Cunreliable

Dincredible

7Avisit

Bmiss

Cknow

Dseek

8Asurpass

Binfluence

Cfavor

Dresemble

9Aagain

Balso

Cinstead

Dthus

10AMeanwhile

BFurthermore

CLikewise

DPerhaps

11Aabout

Bto

Cfrom

Dlike

12Alimit

Bobserve

Cconfuse

Ddrive

13AaccordingtoBratherthan

CregardlessofDalongwith

14Achances

Bresponses

Cbenefits

Dmissions

15Afaster

Bslower

Clater

Dearlier

16Aforecast

Bremember

Cexpress

Dunderstand

17Aunpredicted

BcontributoryCcontrollable

Ddisruptive

18Atendency

Bdecision

Carrangement

Dendeavor

19Apolitical

Breligious

Cethnic

Deconomic

20Asee

Bshow

Cprove

Dtell

答案解析

1、Awhat本句的句意是：這就是加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院報(bào)告上聯(lián)合發(fā)表的研究成果。第一個(gè)空考察表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

2、Bconcluded本句的句意是：這就是加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院報(bào)告上聯(lián)合發(fā)表的研究成果。第二個(gè)空為針對(duì)從句謂語(yǔ)進(jìn)行的詞義考察。

3、Don本句前半句的句意是：這項(xiàng)研究是一個(gè)基于1932個(gè)獨(dú)特個(gè)體的基因組廣譜分析。考察Conducton詞組，進(jìn)行。從句意為：它對(duì)成對(duì)兒的非親緣朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。

4、Ccompared比較，根據(jù)上下文及后一句的same知道，比較為最佳。

5、Csamples詞義題，樣本，C為最佳選項(xiàng)。

6、Ainsignificant詞義題，1%，以及后面的notso轉(zhuǎn)折，判斷，Ainsignificant不顯著，為最佳選項(xiàng)。

7、Cknow句意為：一些人雖然并不認(rèn)識(shí)他們第四代的表親，但他們選擇的朋友卻和這些親戚頗有相似之處。

8、Dresemble詞義題，和上一個(gè)空形成轉(zhuǎn)折。

9、Balso上下文邏輯題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了，還發(fā)現(xiàn)了。Also為最佳選項(xiàng)。

10、DPerhaps結(jié)合上下文：這一現(xiàn)象很難解釋?zhuān)竺娼釉?，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意?/p>

11、Bto介詞題，意為：就像這個(gè)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這個(gè)因素不僅把我們帶到詳細(xì)的環(huán)境中來(lái)，更有一些深層次的影響。

12、Ddrive詞義題，根據(jù)上下文，對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生影響，驅(qū)使我們……drive為最佳選項(xiàng)。

13、Bratherthan邏輯題，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者對(duì)立不能同時(shí)存在，ratherthan不是…而是最符合。

14、Cbenefits跟“功能”搭配，選個(gè)褒義詞，帶來(lái)好處的，最佳。

15、Afaster詞義題，根據(jù)后半句解釋?zhuān)@就是為什么“pickedpace”加速，這里只能選faster，一些比另外一些進(jìn)化得更快，符合文意。

16、Dunderstand詞義題，這個(gè)研究可以幫助我們理解一個(gè)事實(shí)。

17、Bcontributory本句意為：社會(huì)環(huán)境是最主要的一個(gè)因素。Contributory貢獻(xiàn)，最佳。

18、Atendency結(jié)合文章主旨，選擇基因相似的人做朋友是普遍現(xiàn)象，tendency趨勢(shì)傾向最符合。

19、Cethnic同義替換，基因背景相似，種族的，民族的，最符合。

20、Asee本句意為：盡管所有的研究對(duì)象都取自歐洲血統(tǒng)，研究者也花心思確保了所有(用于比對(duì)的)朋友和陌生人也源自該血統(tǒng)中的同一支系。SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

21、accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan

[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

[C]endedhisreigninembarrassment

[D]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

22、monarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

[B]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

[C]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

[D]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

答案解析：

21Dendedhisreigninembarrassment

此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞KingJuanCarlosofSpain定位到第一段第一和第二句。Butembarrassingscandals…h(huán)aveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.此處standdown譯為放棄席位。因此Dendedhisreigninembarrassment是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。

22Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句itisthisapparent…thatexplains…asheadsofstate.和第三句Butunliketheirabsolutist…mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfor...respectedpublicfigure.絕大多數(shù)皇室家族使得選民避免了尋找受人尊敬的公眾人物的麻煩。因此Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。

23Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段最后一句話(huà)…itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates奇怪的是有錢(qián)的貴族家庭仍然處于現(xiàn)代民主國(guó)家的核心地位。因此Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。

24Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised

此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞”havemostoffear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles后面who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleand…world因此Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。

25CCarlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

此題屬于全文主旨題。

著眼全文，通篇都在圍繞monarchs展開(kāi)。第一段由Carlos引出當(dāng)今君主制面臨的危機(jī)。因此Carlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs是全文內(nèi)容的精確概括。

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone--avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.

[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughone’swallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

T2答案解析：

26答案Bchecksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)自然段定位原則，定位到首段。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞supremecourt，whether精確定位到第一段最后一句whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephone….，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)，即為B在不授權(quán)的情況下檢查嫌疑人的電話(huà)信息。注意A選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是searchcontents。

27答案Cdisapproval

解析：態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干California’sargument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，這些句子中提到hard…recklesslymodest…等負(fù)向詞，表達(dá)的是負(fù)面態(tài)度?？催x項(xiàng)屬于負(fù)面的就是disapproval。A容忍，B冷漠是典型錯(cuò)誤，D粗心。

28答案Agettingintoone’sresidence

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為搜索電話(huà)薄就相當(dāng)于什么?根據(jù)段落界定原則定位到第四段轉(zhuǎn)折處，提到Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，A中的residence對(duì)應(yīng)home，是原文的同意替換。注意D選項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，不能將文中人物觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作作者觀點(diǎn)。

29答案Dcitizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到5段和6段，題干問(wèn)作者最關(guān)注的是什么，即是相應(yīng)段落的段落中心。因此，該題表面是細(xì)節(jié)題，實(shí)質(zhì)為段落核心。5段首句為中心句提到，應(yīng)采取措施保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)隱私;6段又繼續(xù)陳述原則的不恰當(dāng)之處。根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容，對(duì)應(yīng)答案D市民隱私未能得到有效保護(hù)。

30答案BNewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

解析：例證題。題干問(wèn)的是引用OrinKerr的目的是什么，即OrinKerr是論據(jù)，其目的是論點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)往往在論據(jù)的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句話(huà)，即New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，就是Bnewtechnology是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，require等同于demands，reinterpretationoftheConstitution同義替換applicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections。

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephrase‘flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience’scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

A.addstoresearchers’workload.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

Text3答案解析：

31.答案Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks段落推斷題考查的是段落中心句，定位在首段首句ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannouncedtoday.《科學(xué)》雜志將要對(duì)同行評(píng)審過(guò)程增加額外的資源。與選項(xiàng)B同意替換。

32.答案Cmarked詞義句意題根據(jù)所猜短語(yǔ)flaggedup所在句子的句意，手稿將被flaggedup以供雜志編輯、現(xiàn)有的編輯評(píng)審委員會(huì)或外部同行審查。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有Cmarked被標(biāo)記，符合題意。

33.答案Dsetanexampleforotherjournals觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題定位在四段末句ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.這不僅對(duì)于《科學(xué)》雜志本身的出版有影響，還有希望影響其它的出版社，這些出版社想繼《科學(xué)》雜志之后樹(shù)立自己的典型形象。選項(xiàng)D是這句話(huà)的概括總結(jié)。

34.答案Dhasroomforfurtherimprovement觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題定位在末段末句，VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthat”Vaux認(rèn)為《科學(xué)》雜志的想法有一些好處，但是有個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是這就說(shuō)明這個(gè)想法是有進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)的空間的。

35.答案AScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers主旨大意題本文首段首句就是全文主題句，《科學(xué)》雜志將要對(duì)同行評(píng)審過(guò)程增加額外的資源，而且全文其它各個(gè)段落都在圍繞對(duì)這一想法不同專(zhuān)家的不同態(tài)度在論述，所以選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)全文中心的完整表達(dá)。

Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.

Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.

Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.

ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.

36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby

(A)theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.

(B)companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices

(C)governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.

(D)thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.

37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that

(A)GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.

(B)morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.

(C)AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.

(D)phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.

38.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefense

(A)revealedacunningpersonality.

(B)centeredontrivialissues.

(C)washardlyconvincing.

(D)waspartofaconspiracy.

39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows

(A)generallydistortedvalues.

(B)unfairwealthdistribution.

(C)amarginalizedlifestyle.

(D)arigidmoralcode.

40Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?

(A)Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.

(B)Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.

(C)Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.

(D)Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.

Text4答案解析：

36.答案A.Theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.因果細(xì)節(jié)題題目問(wèn)到Elisbeth因什么而感到沮喪。定位在第一段第二句Intergrityhadcollapsed,...,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket,由于社會(huì)中唯一的分類(lèi)機(jī)制是利潤(rùn)和市場(chǎng)這一共同的觀念，導(dǎo)致了正直這種道德品質(zhì)的淪喪。

37.答案Bmorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking段落推斷題定位到第三段第一句Asthehackingtrialconcludesthewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands正如竊聽(tīng)案總結(jié)的那樣，仍然存在更廣泛的dearthofintegrity的事件，與選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)。

38.答案Cwashardlyconvincing觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第四段第二句中astonishing，howlittle...,howlittle...Shenever...以及第三句中Sheknewnothing的語(yǔ)氣判斷作者的態(tài)度是認(rèn)為RB的辯護(hù)是沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力的。

39.答案Agenerallydistortedvalues觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題題干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在隨后的第四、第五句。Thecurrentcollectivedoctrine認(rèn)為重要的是efficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,而認(rèn)為justice,fairness不重要，故扭曲了價(jià)值觀。

40.答案是Cmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.段落推斷題定位在最后一段前兩句。世界新聞雜志的目的不是提升讀者的理解能力。。。。而是為了發(fā)行量和影響力而毀了人們的生活。從ruinedthelives的表達(dá)能看出作者希望雜志所做的是提高其道德意識(shí)，與C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearly,youtrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)________________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisevolved.Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?

Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehensionbuttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)________________

Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationshipofthetexttotheworld.(43)_____________

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)_____________.Thisdoesnot,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcernsdebatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefandvalues.

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)_____________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggestasothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo--thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesnotthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentmindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.

[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.

[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.

[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.

[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.

[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhic