【KS5U解析】北京市第四十三中學(xué)2020屆高三下學(xué)期模擬統(tǒng)練（二）英語試題 Word版含解析

北京市第四十三中學(xué)2019—2020學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期模擬統(tǒng)練（二）高三英語試卷滿分：120分考試時間：100分鐘第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）a閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。thisyear,theworldcuphasbeenplayedacrossdifferent___1___(city),andteamchinahadtrainingsessionsevenontravelingdayswhensomeparticipatingteamschosetorestupafteratiringflight.whentheteamstruggled,captainzhutingwasalwaysthere,doingwhateverwasneeded___2___(carry)theteamforward.that’swhyshehasbecomeanationalvolleyballicon(偶像),justlike“ironhammer”lang.nevergivingup,especiallyinadifficultsituation,that’s___3___thespiritofchinesewomen’svolleyballmeans.【答案】1.cities2.tocarry3.what【解析】本文是一篇新聞報道，中國女子排球隊在旅游日還在訓(xùn)練，在球隊拼搏時，隊長朱婷總是和隊員們在一起，永不放棄是中國女排精神所在?！?題詳解】考查名詞。句意：今年，世界杯在不同城市舉行比賽。根據(jù)theworldcuphasbeenplayedacrossdifferent得知世界杯在不同城市舉行比賽。形容詞different修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填cities?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：隊長朱婷做她能做的為了帶球隊前進，表示目的用動詞不定式。故填tocarry。3題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：永不放棄，尤其是在逆境中。這是中國女排精神的含義。be動詞后是表語從句，從句動詞means缺少賓語，且指物。故填what。b閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。therailwayline___4___(connect)beijingandzhangjiakou,theco-hostcityofthebeijing2022winterolympics,istheworld'sfirstintelligent,high-speedrailway.it___5___(go)intooperationondec30,2019.therailwayis174kmlong,withamaximumdesignspeedof350kph.itreducesthetraveltimebetweenbeijingandzhangjiakoufromoverthreehoursto47minutes.thetrainisdesignedwithanareatostoresnowboards,adevicetosecurewheelchairsandamobilenewscenter___6___passengerscanwatchliveolympicbroadcasts.【答案】4.connecting5.went6.where【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了連接北京與2022年冬奧會合辦城市張家口的高速鐵路?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：連接北京和張家口的鐵路線是世界上第一個智能高鐵。謂語動詞是is，連接和謂語動詞之間沒有連詞，要用非謂語動詞，主語是鐵路線和連接是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填connecting。【5題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：2019年12月30日【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：火車上設(shè)計有存放滑雪板的區(qū)域，一個確保輪椅安置和移動新聞中心，在那里乘客可以看奧林匹克直播，先行詞是amobilenewscenter，在定語從句中做地點狀語。故填where。c閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。the“twenty-foursolarterms”isthechinese___7___(tradition)wayofdividingandmarkingtime.itshowstherelationshipbetweentheuniverse,seasons,climateandagriculture,whichisuniquelycreated___8___chineseancestors.thetwenty-foursolartermsareimportantinstructionsfortheagriculturalproductionaswellaspeople'sdailylives.attheinitialstageofagriculturaldevelopment,peoplebegantoexplorerulesofnatureandused___9___(they)toguidesowing,harvestingandotheragriculturalactivities.untilnow,it___10___(become)anessentialtooltoguidetheagriculturalproductioninchina.anditscharmandvaluehavebeenincreasinglyrecognizedbythepublic.【答案】7.traditional8.by9.them10.hasbecome/becomes【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了中國劃分時間的傳統(tǒng)方式“二十四節(jié)氣”.【7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：二十四節(jié)氣是中國傳統(tǒng)的劃分時間的方法。形容詞修飾名詞，方法是名詞，故填traditional。【8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：它表示宇宙、季節(jié)、氣候和農(nóng)業(yè)的關(guān)系，它被中國祖先創(chuàng)造。表示被動用be動詞加過去分詞+by，故填by?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：人們開始探索自然的規(guī)律并使用它們來引導(dǎo)播種、收獲或其他農(nóng)業(yè)活動。動詞后用賓格代詞。故填them。【10題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：直到現(xiàn)在，它已經(jīng)成為了引導(dǎo)中國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)重要的工具。untilnow可以理解為現(xiàn)在之前用現(xiàn)在完成時或當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填hasbecome/becomes。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。thestructureinorganizationshaschanged.ithastransformedfromabosstoaleaderbeingatthetopandfrommethoddirectingtocooperation,___11___howmanyofushaveactuallymadethis___12___withinourselves?let'snotgetpersonalaboutanypersonorconnectthistoany___13___organization.considerthe___14___patternonasocialmediawebsitesuchaslinkedin.weoftenseegoodarticleswrittenbyjunior-levelemployeeswhich___15___newenthusiasmandnewperspectives,buthowmanysenior-level___16___goand"like"thearticle?not___17___readit,butactually"like”it.moreoftenthannot,theanswerisnone.leadersreadsucharticles,butthey___18___topressthe"like"buttonduetosomefear!afriendofmine,whoholdsthe___19___ofdirectorofhumanresourcesinareputedorganization,happenedtomentionanarticlethathisteammemberhadwritten.icasuallyenquired____20____theabsenceofa"like"orcommentfromhim.hisanswerreally____21____me!hesaid:"youknowwhatmy____22____is?icannotbecommentingorlikinghisarticleinpublic!"amazedbythisbehavior,ididmyresearchonthispatternonafewsocialmediaplatforms.yes,peoplewantto“l(fā)ike"orcommentonarticlesandphotosthatarepublishedbypeoplewitha（n）____23____levelanddosoaswell.whileweare____24____the"like"buttononajunior-levelemployee'sone—yearanniversary,wejumptobeoneinafewhundredstooffer____25____onasenior-levelleader'sone—yearcompletion.however,ithinkourprecious“l(fā)ike"fortheemployee____26____alotandencourageshim,while,ontheotherhand,itis____27____manyhundredsandisnot____28____noticedbytheleader.encouragenewtalentsand____29____them.ifwedonotexhibitthissocially,iamsurewewillnot____30____itinourjobeither.11.a.so b.otherwise c.yet d.while12.a.organization b.method c.cooperation d.transformation13.a.unusual b.ordinary c.common d.particular14.a.behavioral b.online c.popular d.personal15.a.oppose b.contain c.promote d.lack16.a.leaders b.writers c.employers d.readers17.a.precisely b.barely c.merely d.thoroughly18.a.stop b.hope c.hesitate d.regret19.a.name b.title c.faith d.honor20.a.forlackof b.onaccountof c.inneedof d.withregardto21.a.confused b.astonished c.dissatisfied d.annoyed22.a.team b.level c.habit d.reputation23.a.superior b.different c.average d.junior24.a.pressing b.missing c.skipping d.considering25.a.congratulations b.suggestions c.opinions d.remarks26.a.changes b.requires c.proves d.means27.a.intendedfor b.replacedby c.judgedby d.buriedin28.a.even b.just c.ever d.still29.a.know b.motivate c.demand d.observe30.a.represent b.like c.show d.notice【答案】11.c12.d13.d14.a15.b16.a17.c18.c19.b20.d21.b22.b23.a24.c25.a26.d27.d28.a29.b30.c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，由我們總是喜歡給上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而不是下級員工發(fā)表的文章和照片點贊這一現(xiàn)象告訴我們應(yīng)該重視點贊對員工的激勵作用?！?1題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：然而我們中有多少人真正在我們自己內(nèi)部完成了這種轉(zhuǎn)變？a.so因此；b.otherwise否則；c.yet然而、但是；d.while雖然。空前說組織結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化。它已經(jīng)從老板變成了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，從方法導(dǎo)向到合作，空后又說我們中有多少人真正在我們自己內(nèi)部完成了這種轉(zhuǎn)變呢，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故c項正確?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.organization組織；b.method方法；c.cooperation合作；d.transformation轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)空前的“transformed”可知此處指“轉(zhuǎn)變”，故d項正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不要涉及個人，也不要把它與任何特定的組織聯(lián)系起來。a.unusual不同尋常的；b.ordinary平常的；c.common普通的；d.particular特定的。空前說我們不要涉及個人，因此此處是說我們也不要把它與任何特定的組織聯(lián)系起來，旨在強調(diào)這一現(xiàn)象的普遍性，故d項正確?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：想想linkedin等社交媒體網(wǎng)站的行為模式。a.behavioral行為的；b.online在線的；c.popular流行的；d.personal個人的。組織結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)變自然是體現(xiàn)在某一組織的行為模式上，下文中的“amazedbythisbehavior”也是提示，故a項正確。【15題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)?？吹较录墕T工寫的好文章，其中包含新的熱情和新的視角，但是有多少高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會給這篇文章點贊？a.oppose反對；b.contain包含；c.promote提升；d.lack缺乏。員工的好文章自然是包含了新的熱情和視角，故b項正確?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.leaders領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；b.writers作者；c.employers雇主；d.readers讀者。根據(jù)空前的“senior-level”可知此處指“高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，故a項正確。【17題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不僅僅是讀它，而是給它點贊。a.precisely精確地；b.barely勉強；c.merely只是、僅僅；d.thoroughly徹底地。根據(jù)空后的“butactually"like”it.”可知此處指“不僅僅是讀它”，故c項正確?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們讀了這樣的文章，但由于一些擔(dān)心，他們遲遲不肯點贊！a.stop停下來；b.hope希望；c.hesitate猶豫；d.regret后悔。根據(jù)空后的“duetosomefear!”可知，由于一些擔(dān)心，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們遲遲不肯點贊，故c項正確?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個朋友，在一個有名的組織里擔(dān)任人力資源總監(jiān)，碰巧提到他的團隊成員寫的一篇文章。a.name名字；b.title頭銜；c.faith信念；d.honor榮譽。holdthetitleof表示“擔(dān)任”，故b項正確?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我隨便打聽了一下他是否點贊或評論。a.forlackof因缺乏……；b.onaccountof由于；c.inneedof需要；d.withregardto關(guān)于、就。根據(jù)空后的“theabsenceofa"like"orcommentfromhim”可知，我打聽了一下他是否點贊或評論，用withregardto引出詢問的問題，故d項正確?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他回答真讓我吃驚！他說：“你知道我的級別嗎？我不能當(dāng)眾評論他的文章或點贊！”a.confused使困惑；b.astonished使吃驚；c.dissatisfied使不滿意；d.annoyed惹惱。根據(jù)空后的“amazedbythisbehavior”可知，他的回答讓我大吃一驚，故b項正確?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.team團隊；b.level水平、級別；c.habit習(xí)慣；d.reputation聲望。上文說我的這個朋友在一個有名的組織里擔(dān)任人力資源總監(jiān)，下文又說人們總是喜歡評論由更高級別的人發(fā)表的文章和照片或為其點贊，因此他說出于級別原因，他不能當(dāng)眾評論下級員工的文章或為其點贊，故b項正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：人們總是喜歡評論由更高級別的人發(fā)表的文章和照片或為其點贊。a.superior出眾的、上級的；b.different不同的；c.average平均的；d.junior下級的。上文我的朋友說由于自己的級別原因，他不能當(dāng)眾評論下屬的文章或為其點贊，因此人們普遍喜歡評論由更高級別的人發(fā)表的文章和照片或為其點贊，故a項正確?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們忽略給初級員工一周年慶點贊時，我們會對上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一周年慶表示祝賀。a.pressing按壓；b.missing錯過；c.skipping跳過、略過；d.considering考慮。上文說人們普遍喜歡給由更高級別的人發(fā)表的文章和照片點贊而不愿給下屬發(fā)表的文章或照片點贊，因此我們會略過給初級員工一周年慶點贊，故c項正確。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.congratulations祝賀；b.suggestions建議；c.opinions觀點；d.remarks評論。上文說人們普遍想給由更高級別的人發(fā)表的文章和照片點贊，因此我們會對上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一周年慶表示祝賀，故a項正確?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我認為我們寶貴的點贊對員工來說意義重大，它能夠激勵他。a.changes改變；b.requires需要；c.proves證明；d.means意味?？蘸笳f點贊能夠?qū)T工起到激勵作用，因此它對員工來說意義重大，故d項正確?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：而另一方面，它卻被埋藏于數(shù)百個贊之中，甚至領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都沒有注意到。a.intendedfor目的在于；b.replacedby取代；c.judgedby由……判斷；d.buriedin埋藏在。上文說給員工點贊對員工來說意義重大，再結(jié)合表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的while可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)卻沒有注意到這一點，因此此處表示“埋藏于”，故d項正確。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.even甚至；b.just只是；c.ever曾經(jīng)；d.still仍然。根據(jù)空后的“noticedbytheleader”可知此處表示遞進，說的是“甚至領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都沒有注意到”，故a項正確。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：鼓勵并激勵新人。a.know了解；b.motivate激發(fā)、刺激；c.demand要求；d.observe觀察。根據(jù)空前的“encouragenewtalents”可知此處指“激勵”，故b項正確。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們在社交上不表現(xiàn)出來，我相信在工作中也不會表現(xiàn)出來。a.represent代表；b.like喜歡；c.show展示、表現(xiàn)；d.notice注意到。根據(jù)空前的“ifwedonotexhibitthissocially”可知，如果我們在社交上不表現(xiàn)出來，我們在工作中也不會表現(xiàn)出來，故c項正確。【點睛】本篇第12空難度較大，對上下文的理解是關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)上文的“afriendofmine,whoholdsthe___9___ofdirectorofhumanresourcesinareputedorganization”可知，我的這個朋友在一個有名的組織里擔(dān)任人力資源總監(jiān)，再根據(jù)空后的“yes,peoplewantto“l(fā)ike"orcommentonarticlesandphotosthatarepublishedbypeoplewitha（n）___13___levelanddosoaswell.”可知，人們總是喜歡評論由更高級別的人發(fā)表的文章和照片或為其點贊，因此此處是說“出于級別的原因，我不能當(dāng)眾給下屬發(fā)表的文章點贊”，故b項（level）正確。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。athisiswhatarealsilverdollarlookslikeifyoutrustintheyen,theeuro,andthedollar...stopreading.becausethisisastoryabouttheslivercoineverybodywants.youreadtheheadlines.youknowthattroubledeconomictimeshaveputglobalcurrencyonarollercoaster(過山車)ride.butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong-termvaluewithhigh-gradecollectablesilver.andrightnow,thosepeoplearelininguptosecuresomeofthelast2012u．s.mintsilvereagles,america'snewestsilvereagledollars.today,youcangraduatetothefrontofthatline.buynowandyoucanownthesebrilliantuncirculatedsilverdollarsforonly$38.95!youcan'taffordtolosewhyarewereleasing(發(fā)行)thissilverdollarforsucharemarkableprice?becausewewanttointroduceyoutowhathundredsofthousandsofsmartcollectorsandsatisfiedcustomershaveknownsince1984—newyorkmintistheplacetofindtheworld'sfinesthigh-gradecoins.that'swhywe'reofferingyouthisbrilliantuncirculated2012u．s.silvereagleforaslittleas$37.45(pluss/h)．timingiseverythingouradvice?keepthistoyourself.becausethemorepeoplewhoknowaboutthisoffer,theworseitisforyou.demandforsilvereaglesin2011brokerecords.expertspredictthat2012silvereaglesmaybreakthemalloveragain.duetorapidchangesinthepriceofsilver,pricesmaybehigherorlowerandaresubjectto(受……影響)changewithoutnotice.suppliesarelimited.callimmediatelytoaddthesesilvereaglestoyourholdingsbeforeit'stoolate.offerlimitedto40perhousehold2012americansilvereaglecoinyourcost1-4coins$3895each＋s/h5-9coins$38.45each＋s/h10-19coins$37.95each＋s/h20-40coins$37.45each＋s/hnote：$10s/h(shippingandhandling)foreachpurchaseforfastestservice,calltoll-free24hoursaday1-888-201-7143offercode(代碼)ase177-04

pleasementionthiscodewhenyoucall.

newyorkmint14101southcrossdrivew．，dept.ase177-04burnsville,minnesota55337www.newyorkm31.whatisstressedinthead?a.thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting.bthecoincanbecirculatedasacurrency.c.limitedsuppliesguaranteeastablepriceofthecoin.d.demandforthecoinisboundtobreakrecords.32.ifyoubuysix2012u．s.mintsilvereaglesbypost,youshouldpayatleast________.a.$230.7 b.$233.7 c.$240.7 d.$243.733.theadstronglyencouragespeopletopurchasethesilvercoinsby________.a.shoppingonlineb.makingaphonecallc.liningupinfrontofthestoresd.writingtothecompany【答案】31.a32.c33.b【解析】這是一篇廣告應(yīng)用文。文章向讀者推薦一種有收藏價值的銀幣?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong-termvaluewithhigh-gradecollectablesilver.”。可知，成千上萬的人已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一種更加明智的做法，就是收藏高質(zhì)量的有長效價值的銀元。故選a?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中圖片旁邊的內(nèi)容“5-9coins$38.45...”和圖片下面的note：$10s/h(shippingandhandling)foreachpurchase?？芍?，你應(yīng)該付費：6×$38.45＋$10＝$240.7。故選c項。【33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后部分方框上面的內(nèi)容“forfastestservice，calltoll-free24hoursaday”?？芍?，最快捷的方式便是打電話。故選b項。bkylecassidyandthreeothermembersoftheannenbergrunninggroupwerestretchingonthegroundsoftheuniversityofpennsylvania,waitingforafewlatecomers.thepenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.that'sright―duringsomeruns,oneofthemdeliversatalk.topicsrangefromthebraintobitcoin.butonthisdaylastjanuary,itwouldnotbetheirnormalrun.thefirstcluethatsomethingwasoffwasthemanwhosprintedpastthem."runningatanamazingpace,"cassidytoldrunner'sworldadmiringly.cassidydiscoveredwhythesprinterwassofleetoffootwhenanothermanranby,yelling,“help!hetookmyphoneandlaptop!"atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofphiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.therunnerssplitup.cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoffwhiletheotherswanderedtheneighborhoodhopinghehaddumpedtheloot（贓物）inabackyard.noluck.sotheydecidedtoaskresidentswhetherthey'dseentheguy.whentheyknockedonthedoorofonerowhouse,theywereinforasurprise.unknowntothem,hehadalreadyemergedfromtheconstructionsite—andwashidingbehindabushbythatveryhouse.astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.themembersofthisrunninggrouparenothard-coreathletes.buttheydounderstandthebenefitofalittleexercise.''runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,"cassidytoldthephiladelphiainquirer."butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities."34.whydothegroupmembersgathertogether?a.todosomestretching. b.tohavearegularrun.c.todeliveralecture. d.tocoversometopics.35.whatdoestheunderlinedword"sprinted"inparagraph2probablymean?a.dashed. b.pushed.c.jumped. d.escaped.36.wecaninferthatthesuccessofthechaseismainlydueto____.a.theassistanceoftherunners b.theowneroftherowhousec.thecampuspoliceonpatrol d.thejointeffortsofthepeople37.whichofthefollowingbestdescribescassidy?a.athleticandgenerous. b.courageousandambitious.c.helpfulandhumorous. d.thoughtfulanddemanding.【答案】34.b35.a36.d37.c【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了跑步俱樂部成員和校園警察等眾人合力將搶了別人電話和筆記本電腦的嫌犯抓獲的故事?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“thepenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.”可知，賓州大學(xué)的同事和其他社區(qū)成員每周集結(jié)三天，進行大約30分鐘的慢跑，由此可知，小組成員聚在一起是為了進行常規(guī)的跑步，故b項正確。【35題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“"runningatanamazingpace,"”可知，這個人跑的速度非?？欤瑧?yīng)該是從他們的身邊疾馳而過，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“猛沖”，故a項正確?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofphiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.”及第四段中的“astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.”等細節(jié)描寫可知，眾人（跑步俱樂部成員和校園警察等）合力將搶了別人電話和筆記本電腦的嫌犯抓獲，故d項正確。【37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoff”可知，劫案發(fā)生后，卡西迪馬上投入到對嫌犯的追捕之中，這說明他樂于助人；再根據(jù)最后一段中的“''runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,"cassidytoldthephiladelphiainquirer."butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities."”可知，卡西迪對記者說“跑步通常是一項無用的運動，你可以將脂肪細胞轉(zhuǎn)化為熱量，但偶爾也會有用，這就是其中一個機會”，這是一種詼諧的說法，說明他很幽默，由此可知，卡西迪既樂于助人又有幽默感，故c項正確。cfoodexpertssaywashingcouldspreadthegermsonyourturkeyinthekitchensinkornearbyfood.butit'sbeenachallengetryingtoconvincecookstostoprinsing（沖洗）offrawpoultry.germsthatcanmakepeoplesickarecommoninthegutsofhealthypoultryandarelegallyallowedtobeonrawturkeyandchicken.theassumptionisthatnobodyeatstheirpoultryraw,andthatthoroughcookingwillkillthebacteria.thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheusdaisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidchapman.benjaminchapman,astudyauthorandfoodsafetyexpertatnorthcarolinastateuniversity,saidtheinstincttowashrawpoultrygoesbackatleastdecadeswhenpeoplereliedmoreonvisualcluestospotproblemswithpoultry.meanwhile,washinghandsandsurfacesarealsoimportant.butfoodpreparationisacomplicatedact,andgermsfrompoultrycanbespreadevenifit'snotwashed,especiallywhenbirdsareremovedfrompackaging.theusda-fundedstudystressesthatpoint.researcherssprayedrawchickenwithaharmlessstrainofe.coli（大腸桿菌）andwatchedvolunteercooksattestkitchens.amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkeys:meltingandcooking.toensureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckthatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.evenafterthemealiscooked,youaren'toutofthedangerzone.tokeepturkeysandotherleftoverssafe,expertssaytheyshouldberefrigeratedaftertwohours.38.peopledon'tacceptusda'sadvicebecause____.a.theadviceisrelativelynewbcleaningseemsmoretrustworthyc.cookscleantheturkeybeforecookingitd.heatcankillmostgermsandnooneeatsrawfood39.whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4?a.foodpackagescarrygerms.b.handsandsurfacesareeasytogete.coli.c.germsfromaturkeycanbespreadwhetheritiswashedornot.d.multiplemethodsshouldbeappliedtofoodtogetridofgerms.40.whichwaymayhelptocookaturkeysafely?a.rinseofftheturkeybeforeitisheated.b.keeptheturkeyawayfromthelettuceandrefrigerator.c.washhandsandpackagesbeforetakingouttheturkey.d.useathermometertocheckthetemperatureoftheturkey.41.fromwhichsectionofamagazineisthetextprobablytaken?a.culture. b.science.c.education. d.medicine.【答案】38.b39.c40.d41.b【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了食品專家說清洗可能會在廚房水槽或附近的食物中傳播火雞身上的細菌，但美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的研究強調(diào)無論是否被清洗，火雞身上的細菌都會傳播，同時指出用溫度計檢查火雞的溫度有助于安全地烹飪火雞?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheusdaisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidchapman.”可知，查普曼說，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建議相對較新，但可能還沒有流行起來，因為這違背了人們普遍認為的“清洗可以使東西干凈”的觀念，由此可知，人們不接受美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的建議是因為清洗似乎更值得信賴，故b項正確?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkeys:meltingandcooking.”可知，在那些清洗生雞肉的人中，約四分之一的人最終將細菌傳播到生菜上，但即使是一些沒有清洗雞肉的人，生菜上也有細菌，火雞身上的細菌還有其他生存的機會：融化和烹飪，由此可知，不管火雞是否被清洗，它身上的細菌都會傳播，故c項正確。【40題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“toensureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckthatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.”可知，為了確保一只家禽被徹底煮熟，他們說要用溫度計檢查它最深和最厚的部分是否達到165度，由此可知，用溫度計檢查火雞的溫度有助于安全地烹飪火雞，故d項正確?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了食品專家說清洗可能會在廚房水槽或附近的食物中傳播火雞身上的細菌，但美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的研究強調(diào)無論是否被清洗，火雞身上的細菌都會傳播，同時指出用溫度計檢查火雞的溫度有助于安全地烹飪火雞，這屬于科學(xué)范疇，因此這篇文章最有可能出自于雜志的科學(xué)版塊，故b項正確。dmicroplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.it'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.anewstudyshowsthatamericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbykierancox,aphdcandidateattheuniversityofvictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheenvironmentalprotectionagency'sreportedrespirationrates.basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."coxsays.thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofamericans'caloricintake.theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.42.whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?a.thequality. b.thequantity.c.theshape. d.thesize.43.howdidkierancox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?a.bystudyingpapers. b.bycomparingtheimpacts.c.byanalyzingthedata. d.byconductingexperiments.44.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?a.drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.b.thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.c.cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.d.peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.45.whatisthebesttitleforthetext?a.thepotentialproblemsofmicroplasticsb.microplasticscomingfromvarioussourcesc.microplasticsfoundwithinhumanbodiesd.theimpactofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth【答案】42.d43.c44.a45.c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody”可知，微塑料顆粒的長度在50到500微米之間，有多種來源，包括可以分解成越來越小的碎片的較大塑料，因此，關(guān)于這些物質(zhì)在人體的普遍存在還有很多未知之處，由此可知，微塑料顆粒的大小讓我們很難知道它們普遍存在于人體中，故d項正確。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheenvironmentalprotectionagency'sreportedrespirationrates.basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.”可知，基蘭·考克斯的研究小組還利用先前報告的空氣中微塑性物質(zhì)濃度數(shù)據(jù)和環(huán)境保護署報告的呼吸速率，評估了吸入過程中微塑料的潛在消耗量，根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員計算出，我們通過食品和飲料每年消耗的微塑料顆粒從39000到52000不等，由此可知，基蘭·考克斯的研究小組是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)來計算微塑料的潛在消耗量的，故c項正確。【44題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.”可知，這項研究的作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些只喝塑料瓶裝水的人每年會攝入90000個微塑料顆粒，而那些只喝自來水的人每年攝入4000個微塑料顆粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶裝水有助于減少微塑料的攝入，故a項正確?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.it'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.anewstudyshowsthatamericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”可知，微塑料在我們的環(huán)境中無處不在，在人類身上也發(fā)現(xiàn)這些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一項新的研究表明，美國人每年消耗的微塑料顆粒多達12.1萬個，由此可知，本文主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒，故c項正確。【點睛】文章標(biāo)題形式的主旨大意題難度在于被選選項要有高度的概括性，準(zhǔn)確全面地概括出文章內(nèi)容，因此抓住文章主題是關(guān)鍵，科普類說明文通常在第一段就會點明文章主題，例如本篇第4題，通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.it'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.anewstudyshowsthatamericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”可知，微塑料在我們的環(huán)境中無處不在，在人類身上也發(fā)現(xiàn)這些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一項新的研究表明，美國人每年消耗的微塑料顆粒多達12.1萬個，由此可知，本文主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒，故c項（人體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的微塑料）最適合作文章標(biāo)題。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。manypeopleoftenfindthemselveswakingupinthemiddleofthenight,unusuallyawakeandexcited.___46___.that'sreallyfrustrating.however,thereisnoneedtoworry.herearesomeeffectivewaystohelpyoufallasleepagain.remaininbed.foryoutofallasleep,yourheartrateneedstoslowdown.whenyougetup,yourheartrategoesup.so,avoidgoingtothebathroomduringthenightifyoucan.donoteattoolittleortoomuchfordinner.donotdrinkandfillyourbladder（膀胱）beforebed.___47___.itmaymakeyoufallasleepfaster,butitmayalsodisruptyoursleeplaterinthenight.stayinthedark.whenyoucannotsleep,ledlightsonprintersandcableboxesmaybethereason.thesameistrueforlightstreaminginthroughcracksincurtains.___48___.youshouldcoverlightswithtapeandwearasleepmask.apopularchoicehasdeepeyecupssoyoureyescanopenandshutwhileyouwearthem.quietyourmind.trywaystorelax,suchasdeepbreathing,meditation,andmindfulnessexercises.___49___.thepointistokeepyourbrainbusywithsomethingthatisnotdemandingandisrelaxing.___50___.ifyourwake-uptimeis6:30a.m.andyourclockreads3:00a.m.,do