英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)必備練習(xí)

TEST4Whenastatementisnegated,itspresuppositionis__________.當(dāng)一個(gè)語(yǔ)句的否認(rèn)，其前提是A.stilltrueB.falseC.alsonegatedD.neithertruenorfalse（正確答案：A）Pragmaticfailuremayoccur_________語(yǔ).用失誤可能發(fā)生A.amonglearnersofaforeignlanguageonlyB.communicationonlyC.inbothcross-culturalandintra-culturalcommunicationspeakersofthesamelanguageonly

incross-culturalD.among（正確答案：C）在跨文化和文化溝通中Whichofthefollowingisapairofrelationalantonyms關(guān)系反義詞A.

dead/aliveB.large/smallC.male/femaleD.husband/wife（正確答案：

D）4.A.

Thesentencepresupposes

“JohnboughtaFordB.entailsC.

”

____“Johnboughtacar.issynonymouswithD.

”isconsistentwith（正確答案：B）需要Theinferenceofconventionalimplicaturedependson_________.常例含意的推導(dǎo)A.thecontextofcommunicationB.thehearers’knowledgeofthelanguageC.thesharedknowledgeofthespeakerandthehearerD.thehearer’sknowledgeoftheCP.（正確答案：B）6.Therelationbetweenthewords“animal”and“monkey”isthatof_______.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.antonymyD.hyponymy（正確答案：D）上下義關(guān)系7.AccordingtoSearle’sclassificationofspeechtheacts,of“advising”belongstothecategoryof__________.A.directivesB.commissivesC.expressivesD.assertives（正確答案：A）指令Whichofthefollowingutterancescanserveasanexampleofthetypeofspeechactscalled“declarations”I’mawfullysorryforsteppingonyourtoes.B.Youarefired!C.WillyousitdownpleaseD.Theearthisaglobe.（正確答案：B）Theexchangebelowcanbeusedasanillustrationof_______.A:Yournewskirtisreallynice!B:No,no.Itisverycheap.A.agrammaticalmistakeB.floutingofthemaximofmanneC.apragmaticfailureD.theviolationofCP（正確答案：C）語(yǔ)用失誤Intheexchangebelowthesecondspeakerhasfloutingthemaxim違犯準(zhǔn)則of_______.A:Themoviewesawlastnightwasfantastic,don’youtthinkB:Thesoundeffectwasgood.A.qualityB.relationC.quantityD.manner（正確答案：C）relationbetween“ChristopherealizedthatWinniewasgone”and“Winniewasgone”is___________.A.synonymyB.entailmentC.presuppositionD.inconsistency（正確答案：C）預(yù)設(shè)12.“careful”inthephrase“averycarefulgirl”is__________.A.specifierB.modifierC.headD.complement（正確答案：B）修飾語(yǔ)Thesentence“C”_____“C.”A.entailsB.contradictsC.presupposesD.inlcudes（正確答案：C）預(yù)設(shè)Predicationanalysis展望分析isawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticists構(gòu)造語(yǔ)義學(xué)toanalyzethemeaningofa_______.A.morphemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence（正確答案：D）15.Thefunctionoftheutterance“Niceweather,isn’tit”is__________.A.referentialB.directiveC.phaticD.descriptive（正確答案：C）Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasic_____ofsentences.A.formB.structureC.meaningD.soundpattern（正確答案：C）“Liftand”“elevatorare”usedrespectivelyinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish,buttheyrefertothesamething.Thewordsare_____synonyms.（正確答案：B）方言AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryacts言外行為whosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled________.A.commissivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives（正確答案：A）許諾Inthephrasestructurerule“S→NPVP”,thearrowcanbereadas________.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates（正確答案：B）Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasic_____ofsentences.（正確答案：C）Utterancemeaning話語(yǔ)意義isricherthansentencemeaning;itisidenticalwiththepurposeforwhichthespeakeruttersthesentence.2.Alocutionaryistheactofsayingsomethinginthefullsenseof“say”.Specificactsthatfallintoeachtypesharethesameillocutionary言外point,butdifferintheirstrength.actofostensivecommunication明示社交communicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptimalrelevance.最正確關(guān)系性5.Reference參照iswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.argumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementsinasentence.三、TrueorFalse（每題分，總合分）samesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.（正確答案：錯(cuò)誤）toSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives（.正確答案：錯(cuò)誤）formshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense。（.正確答案：錯(cuò)誤）importantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue。.（正確答案：正確）預(yù)設(shè)和蘊(yùn)涵的重要差別是，預(yù)設(shè)不像蘊(yùn)涵，是不簡(jiǎn)單的否認(rèn)。也就是說(shuō)，假如一個(gè)句子能否認(rèn)的，原來(lái)的前提仍舊是真切的theviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics語(yǔ)義,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.語(yǔ)妄圖識(shí)。（正確答案：正確）performinganillocutionaryactofrepresentative,thespeakerismakingastatementorgivingadescriptionwhichhehimselfbelievestobetrue.。（正確答案：正確）isbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyincontext.。（正確答案：正確）8.“above”and“below”areapairofcomplementaryantonyms.。（正確答案：錯(cuò)誤）DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish。.（正確答案：錯(cuò)誤）whenamaximunderCooperativePrinciple合作原則下的一條準(zhǔn)則isblatantlyviolated公開(kāi)違犯andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.。（正確答案：正確）TEST5Thechildrenknowthetaboowords禁忌詞,thepoliteformsofadress,during______.A.atypicaldevelopmentB.grammaticaldevelopmentC.pragmaticdevelopmentD.vocabularydevelopment您的答案：C語(yǔ)用發(fā)展2._________theorizedthatacquisitionoflanguageisaninnateprocess與生俱來(lái)的過(guò)程determinedbybiologicalfactorswhichlimittheimportantperiodforacquisitionofalanguagefromroughlytwoyearsofagetopubery.A.InputHypothesisB.CriticalPeriodHypothesisC.InteractionHypothesisD.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis您的答案：B臨界周期假說(shuō)Infirstlanguageacquisition,imitationplays________.A.aminorroleB.asignificantroleC.abasicroleD.norole您的答案：A小角色Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccurs_______.withlittleconsciousinstructionwithmuchimitationwithmuchcorrectionfromtheirparentswithlittlelinguisticinput您的答案：AInthefollowingstatementsaboutmotivation,whichoneisNOTtrueA.Itisdefinedasthelearnerattitudes’andsaffectivestateorlearningdrive.B.Ithasastrongimpactonalearner’seffortsinlearningasecondlanguage.Itoccursonlywhenlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.Itplaysanimportantroleinlearner’suseoflearningstrategies.您的答案：Cmeaningthatcanbefoundinthedictionaryisthe______meaningofaword.A.connotativeB.iconicC.cultureD.denotative您的答案：D外延7.TheSapir-WhorfHypothesisisabout薩.丕爾-沃爾夫假說(shuō)A.languageandthoughtB.languageandtranslationC.culturalstructureD.secondlanguageacquisition您的答案：A8.Thefactthatalexicalitem一個(gè)詞項(xiàng)mayundergoashiftinmeaningiscalled____inlinguistics.A.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaningC.meaning-shiftD.losingofmeaning您的答案：Cmeaning-shiftLanguagechangeis_________.continuous,regular,systematic,butnotuniversaluniversal,continuous,butnotregularandsystematicalwaysregularandsystematic,butnotuniversalandcontinuousuniversal,continuousand,toalargeextent,regularandsystematic您的答案：D廣泛的，連續(xù)的，在很大程度上，按期和系統(tǒng)的theageoftwo,childrenbegintoproducetwo-wordutterancessuchas“mommysock”,whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesitsfeatureThiskindofspeechiscalledcaretakertalk.Thiskindofspeechiscalledtelegraphicspeech.Therearecontentwordsinthespeech.Therearenotfunctionelementsinthespeech.您的答案：AThelanguagecharacteristicofpeopleofthesamesocialbackgroundiscalled__________.A.idolectB.genderspeechC.sociolectD.localdialect您的答案：C方言Themoststrikingdifferencebetweenthelanguageoftheoldandthatoftheyoungisfound______.inthewaytheyconstructsentencesinthewaytheyusebodylanguage您的答案：A13.AccordingtoFergusonnvestigation,’ithehighformofalanguageisusedinallthefollowingsituationsinadiglossiccountryEXCEPT____.A.universitylecturesB.newsbroadcastC.captiononpoliticalcartoonD.sermoninChurch您的答案：C政治漫畫(huà)標(biāo)題toSapir-WhorfHypothesis,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueDifferentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround.Languagestructurepeoplehabituallyuseshowsnoinfluenceonpeople’sbehavior.Languagefilterspeople’sperceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.D.Languagepatternsdetermineorinfluencepeople’sthinkingandbehavior.您的答案：B人們習(xí)慣性地使用語(yǔ)言構(gòu)造對(duì)人們的行為沒(méi)有影響。ofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisNOTtrueLanguageuseistintedwithitsculture.Therelationshipisanalogoustothatofstructuresandprocesses.Languageexpressesculturalreality.Therelationshipoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.您的答案：B這類關(guān)系近似于構(gòu)造和過(guò)程的關(guān)系。culturethatisabstract,ambiguousandhiddenrefersto_____.A.spiritualcultureB.folkcultureC.theproductsofnatureD.whatisbornandgrows您的答案：A“Radar”isa/an______.A.blendingB.acronymC.clippingD.coinage您的答案：D錢(qián)幣制度Thestudyofhowlanguageislearnediscalled_____.A.appliedlinguisticsB.languageacquisitionC.psycholinguisticsD.pragmatics您的答案：Bthefollowingtheories,whichhasnothingtodowithchildlanguageacquisitionA.Thecontextualistviews.B.Thebehavioristviews.C.Theinnatistviews.D.Theinterationistviews.您的答案：AAccordingtosomeinvestigations,allthefollowingcharacterizewomenspeakers’speechEXCEPT_______.theytendtousesuchwordsasawfully,terriblemoreoftenthanmentheytendtobemorecorrectintheirusagethanmentheytendtospeakmorequicklythanmentheytendtousequestiontagsmoreoftenthanmen您的答案：CWhatdescriptionisTRUEwithstandarddialectItisrelatedtosomeparticulargroupoflanguageusersinChina.Itisasociallyprestigiousdialectofalanguage,henceasociolect.Itisasuperimposedformaboveovertherangeofregionaldialect.Itismostcorrectinlinguisticformsamongallthelanguagevarietiestolinguists.您的答案：C這是一個(gè)疊加的形式以上的地區(qū)方言的范圍。famousline“Myloveisared,redrose”stirsuptheimaginationofagbeautifulyounlady.Thisisthe____meaning.A.denotativeB.iconicC.connotativeD.cultural您的答案：B標(biāo)記性的ThefollowingisthelanguageusedbytwospeakersAandB.A:Ididityesterday.B:Idoneityesterday.AandB’srelativesocialstatuscanroughlybeestimatedAndBhavecomefromdifferentregionsAandBdisplaydifferentlinguisticskillsandlinguisticcompetenceAandBhavelearneddifferentlanguagesatschool您的答案：A,B方的相對(duì)社會(huì)地位能夠大體預(yù)計(jì)istruethatwordsmayshiftinmeaning,.semanticchange.Thesemanticchangeofthewordtailbelongto_____.narrowingofmeaningmeaningshiftwideningofmeaninglossofmeaning您的答案：C意義擴(kuò)大Aslateasthefifteenandsixteenthcenturies,onecouldmerelyaddnotattheendofanaffirmativesentencetonegateit,asinILovetheenot.However,inmodernEnglish,peoplewillsay“Idonotloveyou.”Thisshowschangein_____.A.vocabularyB.agreementruleC.syntacticrelationsD.negationrule您的答案：D否認(rèn)規(guī)則isdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlinguisticsystem.A.AspeechcommunityB.AraceC.AsocietyD.Acountry您的答案：A語(yǔ)言社區(qū)VariationinlanguageuseisalsoassociatedwiththesexofindividualspeakersWhichofthefollowingtermdoesthisdefinitionfitforA.RegisterVariationB.GenderVariationC.EducationVariationD.AgeVariation您的答案：

BsociolinguisticconceptdoesthisfollowingsayingbelongtoIfwedon’tbeginstudyingforthefinal,awholesemester’sworkisgoingdownthetubes.A.SlangB.EuphemismC.TabooD.Ethnicdialect您的答案：A俚語(yǔ)ofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutBlackEnglishBlackEnglishhasitsownfeaturesatthesound,word,andsentencelevel.BlackEnglishisspokenbyasmallsectorofprivilegedblacks.BlackEnglishtendstoimpresspeopleasuneducatedandinferior.BlackEnglishisjustanothernon-standardvarietyofEnglish.您的答案：B黑人英語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)小部門(mén)的特權(quán)黑人所說(shuō)的。Amongthefollowingtermsforthetypesoflanguage,whichisconsideredamoreneutralterms中立項(xiàng)A.StandardlanguageB.non-standardlanguageC.DialectsD.Speechvariety您的答案：D語(yǔ)言變體InHalliday’stermsregisterrefersto_______________________.thelanguageusedforacertainoccupationthetypeoflanguageselectedasappropriatetoatypeofsituationtheareaofoperationofthelanguageactivitythechannelofcommunicationselectedasappropriateforacertainsituation您的答案：B選定的語(yǔ)言種類為適合的一種狀況_______varietyreferstospeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.A.RegionalB.SocialC.StylisticD.Idiolectal您的答案：A地區(qū)________inaperson’speech,orwriting,usuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualtoformalaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativecontext.A.RegionalvariationB.SocialvariationC.StylisticvariationD.Idiolectalvariation您的答案：C語(yǔ)體二、TrueorFalse（每題分，總合分）reasonforFrenchtou