大學(xué)英語第三冊UNIT4全文翻譯對照

大學(xué)英語第三冊UNIT4全文翻譯對照大學(xué)英語第三冊UNIT4全文翻譯對照大學(xué)英語第三冊UNIT4全文翻譯對照資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月大學(xué)英語第三冊UNIT4全文翻譯對照版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Was

Einstein

a

Space

Alien?

愛因斯坦是外星人嗎？1

Albert

Einstein

was

exhausted.

For

the

third

night

in

a

row,

his

baby

son

Hans,

crying,

kept

the

household

awake

until

dawn.

When

Albert

finally

dozed

off

...

it

was

time

to

get

up

and

go

to

work.

He

couldn't

skip

a

day.

He

needed

the

job

to

support

his

young

family.

阿爾伯特.愛因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的兒子漢斯連續(xù)三個(gè)晚上哭鬧不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都無法入睡。阿爾伯特總算可以打個(gè)瞌睡時(shí)，已是他起床上班的時(shí)候了。他不能一天不上班，他需要這份工作來養(yǎng)活組建不久的家庭。

2

Walking

briskly

to

the

Patent

Office,

where

he

was

a

"Technical

Expert,

Third

Class,"

Albert

worried

about

his

mother.

She

was

getting

older

and

frail,

and

she

didn't

approve

of

his

marriage

to

Mileva.

Relations

were

strained.

Albert

glanced

at

a

passing

shop

window.

His

hair

was

a

mess;

he

had

forgotten

to

comb

it

again.

阿爾伯特是專利局三等技術(shù)專家。在快步去專利局上班的路上，他為母親憂心忡忡。母親年紀(jì)越來越大，身體虛弱。她不同意兒子與邁爾娃的婚事，婆媳關(guān)系緊張。阿爾伯特瞥了一下路過的商店的櫥窗，看見自己頭發(fā)凌亂，他又忘了梳頭了。

3

Work.

Family.

Making

ends

meet.

Albert

felt

all

the

pressure

and

responsibility

of

any

young

husband

and

father.

To

relax,

he

revolutionized

physics.工作，家庭，維持生計(jì)——阿爾伯特感受到了一位年輕丈夫和年輕父親所要承擔(dān)的全部壓力和責(zé)任。

他想放松下，卻使物理學(xué)發(fā)生了突破性進(jìn)展

4

In

1905,

at

the

age

of

26

and

four

years

before

he

was

able

to

get

a

job

as

a

professor

of

physics,

Einstein

published

five

of

the

most

important

papers

in

the

history

of

science--all

written

in

his

"spare

time."

He

proved

that

atoms

and

molecules

existed.

Before

1905,

scientists

weren't

sure

about

that.

He

argued

that

light

came

in

little

bits

(later

called

"photons")

and

thus

laid

the

foundation

for

quantum

mechanics.

He

described

his

theory

of

special

relativity:

space

and

time

were

threads

in

a

common

fabric,

he

proposed,

which

could

be

bent,

stretched

and

twisted.

1905年，在他被聘為物理學(xué)教授的前四年，26歲的愛因斯坦發(fā)表了科學(xué)史上最重要論文中的五篇——這些論文都是他在“業(yè)余時(shí)間”完成的。他證明了原子和分子的存在。1905年之前，科學(xué)家們對此沒有把握。愛因斯坦論證說光以微粒形態(tài)出現(xiàn)（后來被稱為“光子”），這為量子力學(xué)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。他把狹義相對論描寫為：時(shí)空如同普通織物中的線，他提出，這些線可以彎曲、拉長和交織在一起。

5

Oh,

and

by

the

way,

E=mc2.

對了，順便提一下，E

=

mc2。

6

Before

Einstein,

the

last

scientist

who

had

such

a

creative

outburst

was

Sir

Isaac

Newton.

It

happened

in

1666

when

Newton

secluded

himself

at

his

mother's

farm

to

avoid

an

outbreak

of

plague

at

Cambridge.

With

nothing

better

to

do,

he

developed

his

Theory

of

Universal

Gravitation.

在愛因斯坦之前，最近一位迸發(fā)出如此創(chuàng)造性思想的科學(xué)家當(dāng)數(shù)艾薩克牛頓爵士。事情發(fā)生在1666，為了躲避在劍橋爆發(fā)的瘟疫，牛頓去母親的農(nóng)場隱居。由于沒有什么更好的事可做，他便建立萬有引力理論。

7

For

centuries

historians

called

1666

Newton's

“miracle

year”.

Now

those

words

have

a

different

meaning:

Einstein

and

1905.

The

United

Nations

has

declared

2005

"The

World

Year

of

Physics"

to

celebrate

the

100th

anniversary

of

Einstein's

“miracle

year.”

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,歷史學(xué)家稱為1666牛頓的“奇跡年”。現(xiàn)在這些話有不同的意義：愛因斯坦和1905。聯(lián)合國已經(jīng)宣布2005年“世界物理年“慶祝愛因斯坦“奇跡年”的100周年。

8

Modern

pop

culture

paints

Einstein

as

a

bushy-haired

superthinker.

His

ideas,

we're

told,

were

improbably

far

ahead

of

other

scientists.

He

must

have

come

from

some

other

planet--maybe

the

same

one

Newton

grew

up

on.

現(xiàn)代流行文化把愛因斯坦繪畫成一位長著蓬亂頭發(fā)的超級思想家。據(jù)說他的思想不可思議地遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其他科學(xué)家。他一定是從其他星球來的——也許是牛頓長大的同一個(gè)星球。

9

"Einstein

was

no

space

alien,"

laughs

Harvard

University

physicist

and

science

historian

Peter

Galison.

"He

was

a

man

of

his

time."

All

of

his

1905

papers

unraveled

problems

being

worked

on,

with

mixed

success,

by

other

scientists.

"If

Einstein

hadn't

been

born,

[those

papers]

would

have

been

written

in

some

form,

eventually,

by

others,"

Galison

believes.

“愛因斯坦決不是外星人，”哈佛大學(xué)物理學(xué)家、科學(xué)史家彼得加里森笑著說?！八撬莻€(gè)時(shí)代的人?！彼邪l(fā)表于1905年的論文解決了當(dāng)時(shí)其他科學(xué)家正多多少少在解決的問題，“如果沒有愛因斯坦，其他科學(xué)家最終也會以某種形式撰寫出這些論文來的”加里森相信。

10

What's

remarkable

about

1905

is

that

a

single

person

authored

all

five

papers,

plus

the

original,

irreverent

way

Einstein

came

to

his

conclusions.

1905年不同尋常的是，愛因斯坦一個(gè)人撰寫的五篇論文，而且他得出結(jié)論的方法既富原創(chuàng)性又顯得不合常規(guī)。

11

For

example:

the

photoelectric

effect.

This

was

a

puzzle

in

the

early

1900s.

When

light

hits

a

metal,

like

zinc,

electrons

fly

off.

This

can

happen

only

if

light

comes

in

little

packets

concentrated

enough

to

knock

an

electron

loose.

A

spread-out

wave

wouldn't

do

the

photoelectric

trick.

例如：光電效應(yīng)。這在20世紀(jì)初期的一道難題。當(dāng)光照射到金屬（如鋅）上時(shí)，電子飛速飛離電子表面，這種現(xiàn)象只有當(dāng)光的粒子集聚的程度足以把電子擊撞松動的時(shí)候才會發(fā)生。漫延波不會產(chǎn)生光電效應(yīng)。

12

The

solution

seems

simple--light

is

particulate.

Indeed,

this

is

the

solution

Einstein

proposed

in

1905

and

won

the

Nobel

Prize

for

in

1921.

Other

physicists

like

Max

Planck

(working

on

a

related

problem:

blackbody

radiation),

more

senior

and

experienced

than

Einstein,

were

closing

in

on

the

answer,

but

Einstein

got

there

first.

Why?

答案似乎很簡單——光是粒子。事實(shí)上，這是愛因斯坦1905年提出的解答，并因此于1921年獲得諾貝爾獎。其他物理學(xué)家們，比如比愛因斯坦資歷更深、經(jīng)驗(yàn)更豐富的麥克斯普蘭克（從事研究相關(guān)的問題：黑體輻射），其研究正接近該問題的答案，但愛因斯坦捷足先登。為什么？

It's

a

question

of

authority.

這是對權(quán)威的看法問題

13

"In

Einstein's

day,

if

you

tried

to

say

that

light

was

made

of

particles,

you

found

yourself

disagreeing

with

physicist

James

Clerk

Maxwell.

Nobody

wanted

to

do

that,"

says

Galison.

Maxwell's

equations

were

enormously

successful,

unifying

the

physics

of

electricity,

magnetism

and

optics.

Maxwell

had

proved

beyond

any

doubt

that

light

was

an

electromagnetic

wave.

Maxwell

was

an

Authority

Figure.

“在愛因斯坦的時(shí)代，如果你試圖說光由粒子組成，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與物理學(xué)家杰姆斯.克拉克.馬克斯威爾持不同觀點(diǎn)。沒有人想那么做，”加里森說道。馬克斯威爾的方程式把物理學(xué)中的電學(xué)、磁學(xué)和光學(xué)統(tǒng)一起來，獲得了巨大的成功。麥克斯威爾毫無疑問地證明了光是電磁波。他可是權(quán)威人物。

14

Einstein

didn't

give

a

fig

for

authority.

He

didn't

resist

being

told

what

to

do,

not

so

much,

but

he

hated

being

told

what

was

true.

Even

as

a

child

he

was

constantly

doubting

and

questioning.

"Your

mere

presence

here

undermines

the

class's

respect

for

me,"

spat

his

7th

grade

teacher,

Dr.

Joseph

Degenhart.

(Degenhart

also

predicted

that

Einstein

"would

never

get

anywhere

in

life.")

This

character

flaw

was

to

be

a

key

ingredient

in

Einstein's

discoveries.

愛因斯坦豪不在乎權(quán)威。他不太反對別人要求他做什么，但是他不喜歡別人告訴他什么是正確的。即使在小時(shí)候他也不停地質(zhì)疑和問問題?！澳愦粼谶@里損害了全班學(xué)生對我尊敬，”他第七年級的老師約瑟夫狄根哈特博士憤怒地說。（狄根哈特還預(yù)言愛因斯坦“永遠(yuǎn)不會有出息”）這一性格缺陷成為日后愛因斯坦作出種種發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要因素。

15

"In

1905,"

notes

Galison,

"Einstein

had

just

received

his

Ph.D.

He

wasn't

beholden

to

a

thesis

advisor

or

any

other

authority

figure."

His

mind

was

free

to

roam

accordingly.

“在1905年，”加里森著重指出，“愛因斯坦剛剛獲得博士學(xué)位，他不感激于論文導(dǎo)師或任何其他權(quán)威人士?！币虼?，他的思想在自由漫游。

16

In

retrospect,

Maxwell

was

right.

Light

is

a

wave.

But

Einstein

was

right,

too.

Light

is

a

particle.

This

bizarre

duality

baffles

Physics

101

students

today

just

as

it

baffled

Einstein

in

1905.

How

can

light

be

both?

Einstein

had

no

idea.

回想起來，麥克斯威爾是正確的。光是一種波。但愛因斯坦也是對的。光是粒子。這種異乎尋常的二象性使今天選修無力101課程的同學(xué)們感到困惑，就像在1905年使愛因斯坦感到困惑一樣。光怎么可能既是波又是粒子呢？愛因斯坦無法理解。

17

That

didn't

slow

him

down.

Disdaining

caution,

Einstein

adopted

the

intuitive

leap

as

a

basic

tool.

"I

believe

in

intuition

and

inspiration,"

he

wrote

in

1931.

"At

times

I

feel

certain

I

am

right

while

not

knowing

the

reason."

困惑并沒有使愛因斯坦放慢探究的腳步。愛因斯坦不屑謹(jǐn)小慎微，他采用直覺跳躍思維作為基本工具。“我相信直覺和靈感，”他在1931年寫道。“有時(shí)盡管不知道原因，但是我肯定我是對的。18

Although

Einstein's

five

papers

were

published

in

a

single

year,

he

had

been

thinking

about

physics,

deeply,

since

childhood.

"Science

was

dinner-tableconversation

in

the

Einstein

household,"

explains

Galison.

Albert's

father

Hermann

and

uncle

Jakob

ran

a

German

company

making

such

things

as

dynamos,

arc

lamps,

light

bulbs

and

telephones.

This

was

high-tech

at

the

turn

of

the

century,

"like

a

Silicon

Valley

company

would

be

today,"

notes

Galison.

"Albert's

interest

in

science

and

technology

came

naturally."

雖說愛因斯坦在短短的一年內(nèi)發(fā)表了五篇論文，其實(shí)他童年時(shí)代就一直深入地思考物理的問題?！翱茖W(xué)是愛因斯坦在餐桌上聊天的話題?！奔永锷忉尩?。愛因斯坦的父親赫爾曼和叔叔雅各布經(jīng)營一家德國公司，制造發(fā)電機(jī)，電弧燈，燈泡、電話等諸如此類的產(chǎn)品。這是（20）世紀(jì)之初屬于高科技，“像今天的硅谷公司，”加里森著重提到?！鞍貙茖W(xué)技術(shù)與生俱來懷有興趣?！?9

Einstein's

parents

sometimes

took

Albert

to

parties.

No

babysitter

was

required:

Albert

sat

on

the

couch,

totally

absorbed,

quietly

doing

math

problems

while

others

danced

around

him.

Pencil

and

paper

were

Albert's

GameBoy!

愛因斯坦的父母有時(shí)會帶兒子參加聚會。她們不常請人看孩子：當(dāng)其他人在他周圍跳舞時(shí)，阿爾伯特坐在沙發(fā)上，全神貫注，靜靜地做數(shù)學(xué)題。筆和紙是阿爾伯特的玩具！

20

He

had

impressive

powers

of

concentration.

Einstein's

sister,

Maja,

recalled

"...even

when

there

was

a

lot

of

noise,

he

could

lie

down

on

the

sofa,

pick

up

a

pen

and

paper,

precariously

balance

an

inkwell

on

the

backrest

and

engross

himself

in

a

problem

so

much

that

the

background

noise

stimulated

rather

than

disturbed

him."

.

他有極強(qiáng)的集中思想的能力。愛因斯坦的妹妹瑪雅，回憶說：“??即使周圍非常吵鬧，他也能躺在沙發(fā)上，拿起紙和筆，悠悠地把墨水池放在一個(gè)靠背上，專心致志得解題，北京聲音不但沒有打擾他，反而激勵他?！?/p>

21

Einstein

was

clearly

intelligent,

but

not

outlandishly

more

so

than

his

peers.

"I

have

no

special

talents,"

he

claimed,

"I

am

only

passionately

curious."

And

again:

"The

contrast

between

the

popular

assessment

of

my

powers

...

and

the

reality

is

simply

grotesque."

Einstein

credited

his

discoveries

to

imagination

and

pesky

questioning

more

so

than

orthodox