英語語言學考研真題與典型題詳解1

英語語言學考研真題與典型題詳解1英語語言學考研真題與典型題詳解1英語語言學考研真題與典型題詳解1資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月英語語言學考研真題與典型題詳解1版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：1.3考研真題與典型題詳解

I.

Fill

in

the

blanks.

1.

The

features

that

define

our

human

languages

can

be

called

______

features.

(北二外2006研)

2.

Linguistics

is

usually

defined

as

the

______study

of

language.

(北二外2003研)

3.

Language,

broadly

speaking,

is

a

means

of______

communication.

4.

In

any

language

words

can

be

used

in

new

ways

to

mean

new

things

and

can

be

combined

into

innumerable

sentences

based

on

limited

rules.

This

feature

is

usually

termed______5.

Linguistics

is

the

scientific

study

of______.

6.

Modern

linguistic

is______

in

the

sense

that

the

linguist

tries

to

discover

what

language

is

rather

than

lay

down

some

rules

for

people

to

observe.

7.

One

general

principle

of

linguistic

analysis

is

the

primacy

of

______

over

writing.

8.

The

branch

of

linguistics

which

studies

the

sound

patterns

of

a

language

is

called

______.

(北二外2003研)

9.

The

branch

of

grammar

which

studies

the

internal

structure

of

words

is

called______.

(北二外2004研)

10.

______mainly

studies

the

characteristics

of

speech

sounds

and

provides

methods

for

their

description,

classification

and

transcription.

(北二外2005研)11.

Semantics

and

______investigate

different

aspects

of

linguistic

meaning.

(北二外2007研)

12.

In

linguistics,

______

refers

to

the

study

of

the

rules

governing

the

way

words

are

combined

to

form

sentences

in

a

language,

or

simply,

the

study

of

the

formation

as

sentence.

(中山大學2008研)

13.

______can

be

defined

as

the

study

of

language

in

use.

Sociolinguistics,

on

the

other

hand,

attempts

to

show

the

relationship

between

language

and

society.

14.

The

branch

of

grammar

which

studies

the

internal

structure

of

sentence

is

called

_______.

(北二外2008研)

15.

Saussure

distinguished

the

linguistic

competence

of

the

speaker

and

the

actual

phenomena

or

data

of

linguistics

(utterances)

as

and

.

The

former

refers

to

the

abstract

linguisticlinguistic

system

shared

by

all

the

members

of

a

speech

community,

and

the

latter

is

the

concrete

manifestation

of

language

either

through

speech

or

through

writing.

(人大2006研)

16.

The

description

of

a

language

as

it

changes

through

time

is

a

______

study.

17.

Linguistic

potential

is

similar

to

Saussure’s

langue

and

Chomsky’s______.

18.

One

of

the

important

distinctions

in

linguistics

is

______

and

parole.

The

former

is

the

French

word

for

“l(fā)anguage”,

which

is

the

abstract

knowledge

necessary

for

speaking，listening，writing

and

reading.

The

latter

is

concerned

about

the

actual

use

of

language

by

people

in

speech

or

writing.

Parole

is

more

variable

and

may

change

according

to

contextual

factors.19.

One

of

the

important

distinctions

in

linguistics

is

and

performance.

(人大2006研)

20.

Chomsky

initiated

the

distinction

between

______

and

performances.

(北二外2007研)

II.

Multiple

Choice

Which

of

the

following

is

NOT

a

frequently

discussed

design

feature?

(大連外國語學院2008研)

A.

Arbitrariness

B.

Convention

C.

Duality

2.Which

of

the

following

words

is

entirely

arbitrary?

(西安交大2008研)

A.

tree

B.

crash

C.

typewriter

D.

bang

3.

A

linguist

regards

the

changes

in

language

and

languages

use

as______.

A.

unnatural

B.

something

to

be

feared

C.

natural

D.

abnormal

4.

Which

of

the

following

property

of

language

enables

language

users

to

overcome

the

barriers

caused

by

time

and

place,

due

to

this

feature

of

language,

speakers

of

a

language

are

free

to

talk

about

anything

in

any

situation?

A.

Transferability.B.

Duality.

C.

Displacement.

D.

Arbitrariness:

5.

The

study

of

physical

properties

of

the

sounds

produced

in

speech

is

closely

connected

with______.

(大連外國語學院2008研)

A.

articulatory

phonetics

B.

acoustic

phonetics

C.

auditory

phonetics

6.

Which

of

the

following

statements

is

true

of

Jacobson’s

framework

of

language

functions?

A.

The

referential

function

is

to

indulge

in

language

for

its

own

sake.

B.

The

emotive

function

is

to

convey

message

and

information.C.

The

conative

function

is

to

clear

up

intentions,

words

and

meanings.

D.

The

phatic

function

is

to

establish

communion

with

others.

7.Which

of

the

following

is

a

main

branch

of

linguistics?

(大連外國語學院2008研)

A.

Macrolinguistics

B.

Psycholinguistics

C.

Sociolinguistics

8.

______

refers

to

the

system

of

a

language,

i.

e.

the

arrangement

of

sounds

and

words

which

speakers

of

a

language

have

a

shared

knowledge

of.

(西安外國語學院2006研)

A.

Langue

B.

CompetenceC.

Communicative

competence

D.

Linguistic

potential

9.The

study

of

language

at

one

point

in

time

is

a

_______

study.

(北二外2010研)

A.

historical

B.

synchronic

C.

descriptive

D.

diachronic

10.

“An

refer

to

Confucius

even

though

he

was

dead

2,000

years

ago.

”

This

shows

that

language

has

the

design

feature

of

_____.

A.

arbitrariness

B.

creativity

C.

dualityD.

displacement

11.

The

function

of

the

sentence

“Water

boils

at

100

degree

Centigrade”

is

.

A.

interrogative

B.

directive

C.

informative

D.

performative

12.Saussure

is

closely

connected

with______.

(大連外國語學院2008研)

A.

Langue

B.

Competence

C.

Etic

III.

True

or

False1.

Onomatopoeic

words

can

show

the

arbitrary

nature

of

language.

(清華2000研)

2.

Competence

and

performance

refer

respectively

to

a

language

user’s

underlying

knowledge

about

the

system

of

rules

and

the

actual

use

of

language

in

concrete

situations.

3.

Language

is

a

means

of

verbal

communication.

Therefore,

the

communication

way

used

by

the

deaf-mute

is

not

language4.

Arbitrariness

of

language

makes

it

potentially

creative,

and

conventionality

of

language

makes

a

language

be

passed

from

generation

to

generation.

As

a

foreign

language

learner,

the

latter

is

mere

important

for

us.

5.

The

features

that

define

our

human

languages

can

be

called

DESIGN

FEATURES.

(大連外國語學院2008研)6.

By

diachronic

study

we

mean

to

study

the

changes

and

development

of

language.

7.

Langue

is

relatively

stable

and

systematic

while

parole

is

subject

to

personal

and

situational

constraints.

8.

Language

change

is

universal,

ongoing

and

arbitrary.

9.

In

language

classrooms

nowadays

the

grammar

taught

to

students

is

basically

descriptive,

and

more

attention

is

paid

to

the

developing

learners’

communicative

skills.

10.

Language

is

a

system

of

arbitrary,

written

signs

which

permit

all

the

people

in

a

given

culture,

or

other

people

who

have

learned

the

system

of

that

culture,

to

communicate

or

interact.11.

Saussure’s

exposition

of

synchronic

analysis

led

to

the

school

of

historical

linguistics.

12.

Applied

linguistics

is

the

application

of

linguistic

principles

and

theories

to

language

teaching

and

learning.

13.

Wherever

humans

exist,

language

exists.

(對外經貿2006研)

14.

Historical

linguistics

equals

to

the

study

of

synchronic

study.

15.

Duality

is

one

of

the

characteristics

of

human

language.

It

refers

to

the

fact

that

language

has

two

levels

of

structures:

the

system

of

sounds

and

the

system

of

meanings.

16.

Prescriptive

linguistics

is

more

popular

than

descriptive

linguistics,

because

it

can

tell

us

how

to

speak

correct

language.IV.

Explain

the

following

terms.

1.Duality

(北二外2010研；南開大學2010研)

2.Design

features

3.Competence

4.Displacement

(南開大學2010研；清華2001研)

5.Diachronic

linguistics

6.

Descriptive

linguistics

7.Arbitrariness(四川大學2006研)

V.

Short

answer

questions

1.

Briefly

explain

what

phonetics

and

phonology

are

concerned

with

and

what

kind

of

relationships

hold

between

the

two.

(北外2002研)參考答案及解析Fill

in

the

blanks.

1.Design

(人類語言區(qū)別于其他動物交流系統(tǒng)的特點是語言的區(qū)別特征，是人類語言特有的特征。)

2.scientific

(語言學通常被定義為研究科學的語言，或對語言的科學研究。)

3.verbal

(語言是一種口頭交流的手段。)

4.productivity

(用有限表現(xiàn)無限就是能產性。)

5.language

(語言學是對語言的科學研究。)6.descriptive

(發(fā)現(xiàn)語言的規(guī)律而不是規(guī)定就是描述性。)

7.speech

(語言學研究是以口頭為基礎而不是書面。)

8.Phonology

(音系學研究支配語音分布和排列的規(guī)則以及音節(jié)的形式。)

9.Morphology

(形態(tài)學研究詞語的內部結構組織。)

10.Phonetics

(語音學研究語音，以及語音的描寫和分類。)

11.pragmatics(語義學研究詞作為詞的意義，語用學是在語境中研究意義。)

12.Syntax

(句法學研究形成正確句子的規(guī)則。)

13.Pragmatics

(語用學是在語境中研究意義。)

14.Syntax

(句法學研究語言中組合成句子的支配規(guī)則，或簡單地說，研究句子的構造。)

15.langue；parole

(語言指一個語言集團的所有成員共享的抽象語言系統(tǒng)，言語是指語言在實際使用中的實現(xiàn)。)

16.Diachronic

linguistic

(歷時語言學集中研究幾十年或幾百年的時期內兩個或比兩個更多的語言狀況的差異。)

17.Competence

(索緒爾的語言與喬姆斯基的語言能力相似，因為二者都指抽象的語言知識，不是實際使用中的語言。)

18.langue

(索緒爾用語言和言語來區(qū)分說話者的語言能力和言語上(表達的)的實際表現(xiàn)或語料。)

19.Competence

(語言能力指理想的語言使用者關于語言規(guī)則的語言知識，語言應用指語言交際中關于語言規(guī)則知識的實際使用。)

20.Competence

(喬姆斯基提出了語言能力和語言應用的根本區(qū)別。)

II.

Multiple

Choice

1.B

(語言的區(qū)別性特征主要是指任意性，雙重性，創(chuàng)造性和移位性。)

2.A

(crash是一個縮略語，ty