【上課用】高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之語法透析：主謂一致課件

主謂一致2022高考復(fù)習(xí)之語法透析01知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖主謂一致語法一致原則就近一致原則意義一致原則主語單數(shù)+謂語單數(shù)主語復(fù)數(shù)+謂語復(fù)數(shù)oreither…or…neither…nornotonly…butalsotherebe+多個(gè)主語連接主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)的情況謂語用復(fù)數(shù)的情況謂語單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)表達(dá)意義確定的情況02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)一語法一致原則主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式、動(dòng)詞不定式、不定代詞、從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Allthescientificevidenceshowsthatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarmingisdamagingourhealth.Everythingisinacompletemess,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.Whathesaidisfarfromthetruth.02考點(diǎn)精析2.主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with、togetherwith、aswellas、like、but、except、alongwith、ratherthan、including、inadditionto等時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。Amy,aswellasherbrothers,wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.IthinkTom,ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.02考點(diǎn)精析3.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有以下4種情況：(1)“a/the＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,ispopularamongthosepeople.

(2)“a/the＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋a/the＋名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人/物，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Theteacherandthepoethavejustarrived.02考點(diǎn)精析(3)“every/each/no＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋every/each/no＋名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人/物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducationinourcountry.(4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品，如aknifeandfork(一副刀叉)等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Breadandbutterisnottohistaste.02考點(diǎn)精析4.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。ThisisoneofthenovelsthathaveeverbeenwrittenbyMoYan.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhosingswellinclass.5.“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.

02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)二意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成整體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。Thewholeclass,whichismadeupoftwentyboysandfifteengirlsweretoldtostaybehindafterschooltohaveanimportantmeetingyesterday.02考點(diǎn)精析形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police、people等集合名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurdererinthemountain.警察正在山里搜尋兇手。02考點(diǎn)精析2.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority＋of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all、some、half、most、therest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Altogethermorethan70percentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.02考點(diǎn)精析3.“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Theinjuredhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.傷者已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。4.aquantityof后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；quantitiesof后無論是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)。Aquantityoftimehasbeenwastedontheproject.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.02考點(diǎn)精析5.“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasonehundred,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.

6.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。Threethousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforalittleboy.02考點(diǎn)精析7.表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)、news(消息)等作主語時(shí)，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Politicsishisfavoritesubject.8.表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國名、地名等作主語時(shí)，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。DoyouknowwhentheUnitedNationswassetup?02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)三就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、notonly...but(also)．..、not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。NotonlyJohnandTombutalsotheirsister,Mary,takesgreatinterestinthepianolessons.

Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.02考點(diǎn)精析2.在therebe句型中，若有幾個(gè)并列成分作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.03方法解讀01020304一看：主語為第一、第二人稱還是第三人稱，確定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。二看：主語為動(dòng)詞-ing短語、不定式或從句，要想到謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。三看：“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語，要想到謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)。四看：therebe等結(jié)構(gòu)，要想到就近一致原則?！拔蹇础迸袛嘀髦^一致05aswellas、with、alongwith、but等在主語后面時(shí)，要想到“就遠(yuǎn)一致”原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞和這些詞前面的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。03方法解讀Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.wasinvited

04演練提升1.Thebrainbenefits___________(see)amongpeoplewhoateroughlyoneandathirdcupsofrawgreensaday,oraboutahalf-cupofcookeddark,leafygreens.2.Asaresult,manyhavearguedthatthecurrentperiodofglobalwarming___________(be)partofanaturalpatternandthehumanroleincreatingithasbeenexaggerated.3.ThegraduationceremonytakesplaceattheendofMayorbeginningofJune,whichusually___________(include)music,awards,andaguestspeaker.wereseenisincludes04演練提升4.Asthe5Gera___________(approach),oneofthekeyconcernsfortelecomoperatorswillbehowtheycanuse5Gnetworkstomeettheneedsofhigh-densityareas.5.Feedingbirds___________(be)goodforeveryone.Birdersenjoywatchingthebirds,whilethebirdsgetenoughfoodtosurviveinbigcities.6.However,peoplewhohavedonerelatedresearchesbelievethatthefullmoon___________(affect)humanbehaviorstosomedegree.approachesis

affects04演練提升7.Johnaswellastheotherchildrenwhohavenoparents___________(take)goodcareofinthevillagenow.8.Infact,suchpr