英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料

英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料第一節(jié)基礎(chǔ)英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)元音(20個)單元音12個前元音(4個)[i:][i][e][?]后元音(5個)[ɑ:][?:][?][u:][u]中元音(3個)[?][?:][?]雙元音8個合口雙元音(5個)[ei][?u][ai][au][?i]集中雙元音(3個)[i?][u?][??]輔音(28個)清輔音(11個)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][h]濁輔音(17個)[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz][l][m][n][?][j][w][r]語音知識:

1)字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u

2)音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。即20個元音音素和28個輔音音素.

3)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。

4)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。

5)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。

6)開音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebikehomedue; b)輔音+元音he，go，hi。

7)閉音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+輔音it。8)重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。讀音規(guī)則

1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)。

2)非重讀音節(jié)[]banana，student，today，after，[i]orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。特殊讀音

1）音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀。notatall，halfanhour，Iloveyouandall、afterall。

2）失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。goodgirl，goodstudent，goodjob，expression，school，extreme。

3）音的同化：兩個特殊的音碰到一起，會發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。WouldyoudoitIamgladtomeetyou、Can'tyouseeitlastyear，thisyear。

重音A)雙音節(jié)詞

a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter，sorry。

b)有a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans-等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。a'bout，be'lieve，ad'dress，de'cide，re'port，con'demn，res'pect，com'pare，in'form，dis'cuss，im'press，mis'take，en'force，pre'pare，em'ploy，per'mit，es'cape，pro'duce，ex'claim，trans'latec)有de-，in-，re-，con-，pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān)，一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。'record，re'cord;'insult，in'sult;'conduct，con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content，con'tent。

d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的詞，有兩個重音。'out'side，'re'tell，'well-'known，'un'real，'fif'teen，'Chi'nese，'pre-'war，'post-'war。B)多音節(jié)詞

a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult，'communist，'family，e'conomy，oppor'tunity，de'mocracy。

b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音'carefully，in'definite，'comfortable，con'ductor，ac'cording，dis'turbance，'complicated，es'tablishment。

c)詞尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。cour'teous，cal'ligraphy，edi'torial，his'torian，peri'odic，mathe'matics，ex'perience，suf'ficient，i'dentify，trans'lation，re'ligious，curi'osity，pro'tective。

d)詞尾有-ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain，emplo'yee，mountai'neer，Japa'nese，ciga'rette。第二節(jié)各個音節(jié)的詳細(xì)讀音/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t//?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/′?nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/′m?ni/ugly/′?gli/come/k?m//?:/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l//?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?//?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/?′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noise/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/coin/k?in//i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai′di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?//ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/there/eε?//u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/(停泊)your/ju?//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/bε?//t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?//k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/′feiv?rit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/′nev?//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θ?:t/author/′?θ?/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps//z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/question/kwest??n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?//d?/orange/′?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d??b//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/′h?ndrid//?/she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?/shock/??k/shoe/?u://?/pleasure/′ple??/measure/′me??/television/′telivi??n//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l??/beautiful/bju:t?fl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r??/problem/′pr?bl?m/第三節(jié)音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//p?k//g?p//k?g//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr??//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://?://?//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//?d//l?:n//n?:t//p?:z//f?ks//s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l?:d//t?://st?:m//p?t//kr?p//θ?t//pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//b?z//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:′lesk//′m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves第四節(jié)音標(biāo)的分辨ThesunTongueTwister(1)Therearethirty-threetreesthere.(θ,e)(2)Abigblackbugbitthebackofthebigblackbear.Thebigblackbearbeatbackthebigblackbug.(/b/)(3)Shesellsseashellsontheseashore,andtheshellsshesellsareseashells.I′msurebecauseifshesellsshellsattheseashore,theshellsshesellsareseashellsforsure.(/θ/,/s/,/z/,/?/)(4)Thereisakitteninthekitchen.Inthekitchen,Iflythechicken.AflyfliesintothekitchenwhileI′mfryingthechicken.(/t?/)(5)Youarenoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight.Foranight,light′saslightlightandtonight′sanightthat′slight.Whenanight′slightliketonight′slight,it′sreallynotquitrighttolightnightlightswiththeirslightlight′sonthelightnightliketonight.(/n/--/l/)(6)Thesunshinesonthesmallshopsigns.(/s/--/?/)(7)Whydidn′tyoudothatwhatItoldyoutodo(//--//)(8)Thedoctor′sdaughterknockedatthelockeddoor.(9)Mikelikestowritebythenicebrightlightatnight.(10)Isthispairofscissorsofhissister′s

Yes,thisisthepairofscissorsofhissister′s.(/s/--/z/)(11)Petepickedupapieceofpaperandputitintothepaperbasket.(/p/)(12)Williamwantstoknowwhethertheweatherwillbewettertomorrow.(/w/)[i:]ee：threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekweekea：eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleasee：heshemetheseie：piecereceiveceilingfield[i]：i：sitpictureitisiflistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmilkshipwithwindowbeginy：mythmanytwentyhappydictionarye：defectdecidedelicious[e]：ea：headbreadpleasurereadye：elephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyeswellgetverystepmenlisten[E:]：ir：girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdfirstur：turnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerhurtear：learnearnearthhearder：termhernerdserveverbor：workwormworkerwordworldworse[E]：er：teacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderor：doctoractormayorauthortractorforgeto：togethertomorrowtodayWashingtoncontrolpolitepolicemano’clocka：aroundaccountagoelephantbananaChinabreakfastAmericanabovee：hundredstudentar：carfarmcardarmgardenpartystara：fastclasslastglassplantare：areu：upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscutusluckbutcuto：comemotherbrotherloveabovemonthou：troubleroughflourishoo：bloodfloodal：smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkor：shortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreau：authorcaughtour：fourmourncourtar：warmquarrelquarteraw：drawsawflawou：boughtoughtoo：foodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothschooltoonoodlecoolu：truetruthblueoo：lookgoodfootbookcookou：shouldcouldwouldu：putfullbullpullpusho：womanwolfing：singkingmorningeveningcial：socialspecialsion：propulsiontensionprogressionpassionprotrusionprovisionconclusiontelevisiontion：stationnationtranslationattentionquestionear：pearbearair：chairairfairhairpairare：carehareere：therewhereeer：beerdeerear：eardearnearere：hereea：ideaie：fierceoy：boytoyjoyoi：oilsoilvoicechoicenoisejoino：homecoldgonophonehostghostnoseow：knowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowwindowyellowoa：boatcoatgoalroad[au]ou：houseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseroundaboutow：flowerdownnowcowhowtowna：namecakelategateplaneAprilfacetakeradiospaceay：playsaymaywaytodayMayea：greatbreakai：rainpaintplainey：theygreyoo：lookgoodfootbookcookou：shouldcouldwouldu：putfullbullpullpusho：womanwolf.元音發(fā)音規(guī)則一、前元音所謂前元音是指發(fā)音時要使用舌前部，也就是說舌前部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住下齒，口形扁平，不要收圓。四個前元音中發(fā)[i:]的時候舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。發(fā)[i]的時候舌前部比[i:]稍低，牙床也開得稍大一些。上下齒之間的距離大約可以容納一個小指尖。發(fā)第三個前元音[e]的時候舌前部比[i]又要第一些，牙床也開得更大一些。上下齒之間的距離大約相當(dāng)于一個食指尖。發(fā)第四個前元音[]的時候舌前部最低，牙床開得最大。上下齒之間的距離大約相當(dāng)于一個食指加中指。二、后元音所謂后元音是指發(fā)音時要使用舌的后部，也就是說舌后部要向軟腭抬起。發(fā)后元音時舌尖可以不抵下齒。除了后元音[ɑ:]要用中常唇外，其它四個音都要用圓唇，發(fā)音時嘴要攏圓。個別的音如[u][u:]嘴唇還要向前突出。其次，要注意后元音的舌位。五個后元音中[ɑ:]的舌位最低，開口最大。[]的舌位比[ɑ:]稍高，開口度比[ɑ:]稍小。[:]的舌位比[]又要更高一些，開口度比[]再小一些。[u]的舌位比[:]又要高一些，開口度再小一些。[u:]的舌位最高，開口最小。

三、中元音所謂中元音是指發(fā)音時要使用舌的中部，也就是說舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以輕抵下齒，口形扁平或中常。[:]的舌位最高，[]的舌位最低，[]的舌位介乎兩者之間，比[:]稍低，比[]稍高。上面提到了12個單元音。英語里還有8個雙元音。這8個雙元音又可分成兩類,合口雙元音和集中雙元音,下面分別講解。四、合口雙元音所謂“合口雙元音”是指兩個元音中的第二個元音都是一個合口元音[i]或[u]。發(fā)雙元音時要注意從第一個元音向第二個元音滑動。在滑動過程中，口形、舌位都有明顯的變化。另外，還要注意雙元音的下面幾個特點(diǎn)：1