《研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》課件

研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)1英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題確立論點(diǎn)搜集材料擬定提綱寫作與修改初稿（反復(fù)多次進(jìn)行）注明參考文獻(xiàn)撰寫摘要打印校對(duì)英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題2論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title作者姓名及單位Authornameandaffiliation內(nèi)容提要 Abstract關(guān)鍵詞 Keywords正文 Textbody致謝 Acknowledgements(可?。﹨⒖嘉墨I(xiàn) References附錄 Appendix(根據(jù)需要）作者簡(jiǎn)介 Resume(視刊物而定）論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title3論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction背景分析 Background(視情況而定）材料和實(shí)驗(yàn) Materialsandexperiments實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 Results討論 Discussion結(jié)論/總結(jié) Conclusions論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction4標(biāo)題論文題目寫在第一行的正中。如果較長(zhǎng)，可寫成兩、三行。一般居中排列。題尾不加句號(hào)。論文題目一般為名詞詞組或名詞短語(yǔ)，較少使用完整的句子。在必須使用動(dòng)詞的情況下，一般用動(dòng)名詞或具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)的名詞。例如：Two-dimensionalpatternformationinsurfactant-mediatedepitaxial(取向附生的)

growthDopantdiffusioninSiGe：modelingstressandGechemicaleffects標(biāo)題5作者名稱論文的作者姓名一般寫在論文題目的下面。按照英美國(guó)家的習(xí)慣，名（firstname)在前，姓（surname/familyname/lastname)在后。如果幾個(gè)人共同撰寫，應(yīng)該逐一寫出各自的姓名，同時(shí)注明作者的工作單位。作者名稱6摘要摘要一般放在標(biāo)題頁(yè)的正文之前，用不同于正文的字體排版，以突出其顯著位置。摘要是對(duì)一篇論文的主要內(nèi)容以精煉的文字進(jìn)行高度的概括，使讀者不必閱讀論文全文即可迅速了解論文內(nèi)容，或者讓讀者對(duì)即將閱讀的論文有思想準(zhǔn)備，或者讓讀者判斷是否有通讀全文的必要。摘要只對(duì)論文信息進(jìn)行濃縮，而不架主觀評(píng)論或解釋。一般5000字?jǐn)?shù)論文，摘要長(zhǎng)度小于300字。注意abstract與summary的區(qū)別。摘要7關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞既可作為文獻(xiàn)檢索或分類的標(biāo)識(shí)，它本身又是論文的主題濃縮。讀者可以從中判斷論文的主題、研究方向、所用方法等。關(guān)鍵詞以名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)居多?？s略語(yǔ)慎用。關(guān)鍵詞8致謝論文的作者可以在論文的末尾對(duì)他人對(duì)自己工作的指導(dǎo)、幫助和資助表示感謝，即為致謝。一般置于結(jié)論之后，參考文獻(xiàn)之前。致謝9參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)的具體內(nèi)容和形式不統(tǒng)一，大家讀比較頭痛。一般包括一下三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：作者、題目、出版事項(xiàng)出版事項(xiàng)指：書刊名稱，出版地點(diǎn)，出版單位，出版年份與卷、期、頁(yè)。T.P.L.Pedersen,A.N.Larsen,andA.Mesli,Appl.Phys.Lett.75,4085(1999).H.Weman,B.Monemar,G.S.Oehrlein,S.J.Jeng,Phys.Rev.B42(1990)3109.LeeSKandStebbinJ,Structureofsilicateglassesandmeltsathighpressure:quantumchemicalcalculationsandsolid-stateNMR,JournalofPhysicalChemistryB,2004,108:5889-5900.參考文獻(xiàn)10如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔，概述與細(xì)節(jié)之間應(yīng)該平衡互補(bǔ)。內(nèi)容取舍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先是對(duì)論文本身重點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容的理解，其次是應(yīng)該考慮到讀者閱讀的方式。資料性摘要一般包括的內(nèi)容為：1、方法手段簡(jiǎn)介(Methodology)2、主要結(jié)果(Results)3、結(jié)論和建議(ConclusionsandSuggestions)如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔，概述與細(xì)節(jié)之間11摘要的語(yǔ)言摘要的時(shí)態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2、報(bào)道研究結(jié)果時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3、介紹研究過(guò)程時(shí)，可以用過(guò)去時(shí)。4、陳述結(jié)論或建議，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5、根據(jù)需要，也可以適當(dāng)用完成時(shí)。摘要的語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比其它寫作更常見(jiàn)。摘要的語(yǔ)言摘要的時(shí)態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。摘12常用句型和表達(dá)方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)AnPTCceramicispresentinthispaper.Thispaperreviewsthemethodfordealingwith…Thisarticlesummarizesthetheory…2、闡明論文寫作目的Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexploreanewmethod…Thepaperattemptstoanalyze…intermsof…Thestudyisaimedatfindingoutthesimilarities…Themainobjectiveofthisinvestigationis…Basedonourresearch,weintenttofindout…常用句型和表達(dá)方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)2、闡明論文寫作133、陳述論文的論點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)Thecarbon-relateddefectsarediscussed…Thispaperreportsthepreparationandthequantumconfinementeffectsof…Thispaperdealswith(concerns)…4、介紹研究過(guò)程和研究范圍Thecharacteristicof…wasinvestigated.Westudythesynthesismethodof…inthispaper.Theprincipleofpreparing…isproposed.Thesamplesofpyroelectricceramicwerecollectedby…ThePTCeffectismeasuredby…3、陳述論文的論點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)4、介紹研究過(guò)程和研究范圍146、闡述論證或結(jié)果Theresultsshowthat…ItisfoundthattheamorphousSishowatendencyin…Thestudyofthosepropertiesindicates…Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratethat…7、介紹結(jié)論Itisconcludedthattheabsorptionspectraof…Basedon…,thefollowingconclusioncanbedrawn…Inconclusion,theresultsshows…Theresearchhasledto…Insummary,…6、闡述論證或結(jié)果7、介紹結(jié)論158、突出論文的重點(diǎn)Thispaperfocuseson…Theprimaryconcernofthispaperis…Particularattentionisontherevolutionof…Thispaperconcentratesontheeffectsof…Theemphasisison……isthemaintopicofthispaper.8、突出論文的重點(diǎn)16

COVERLETTER(投稿信)實(shí)用指南COVERLETTER(投稿信)實(shí)用指南17什么是coverletter？coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？如何寫coverletter？常用模板例文什么是coverletter？18

1、什么是coverletter？

2、coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？

所投稿件的核心內(nèi)容、主要發(fā)現(xiàn)和意義，擬投期刊，對(duì)稿件處理有無(wú)特殊要求等。附上主要作者的中文姓名、通訊地址、電話、傳真和e-mail地址。有的雜志要求推薦幾位審稿人及其聯(lián)系方式。以及誰(shuí)已經(jīng)閱讀過(guò)該文。

說(shuō)明你論文研究的意義，以及與這個(gè)雜志的相關(guān)性；寫明沒(méi)有一搞多投等。臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)要求寫明符合倫理學(xué)要求。

3、如何寫coverletter？

在雜志的guideforauthors一般會(huì)有要求。

1、什么是coverletter？194、常用模板：

（1）Coverletter

DearMr.**

Theworkdescribedhasnotbeensubmittedelsewhereforpublication,inwholeorinpart,andalltheauthorslistedhaveapprovedthemanuscriptthatisenclosed.

IhavereadandhaveabidedbythestatementofethicalstandardsformanuscriptssubmittedtoNeuroscience.

kindregards.

Yoursincerely,

通訊作者

4、常用模板：20（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmitourmanuscriptentitled"文章title"to雜志名forpublication.

接著簡(jiǎn)單介紹你文章的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和意義，不易過(guò)多，但要突出新意和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。

Allauthorshaveseenthemanuscriptandapprovedtosubmittoyourjournal.

Thankyouverymuchforyourattentionandconsideration.

Sincerelyyours,

通訊作者

（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmit21（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,***

(addaddress)January22,2003

DearDr.**,

Enclosedherewithpleasefind3copiesofaMSby:‘***.***and***’entitled:“**********”,whichwewouldliketosubmitforpublicationinthe‘******'.

Lookingforwardtoyourdecision,

Withkindpersonalregards,

Sincerelyyours,

*****

Professorof***

（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,**22

（4）DearProf.Gil:

Thisisamanuscriptby**and**entitled“”.Itissubmittedtobeconsideredforpublicationasa“...”inyourjournal.Thispaperisnew.Neithertheentirepapernoranypartofitscontenthasbeenpublishedorhasbeenacceptedelsewhere.Itisnotbeingsubmittedtoanyotherjournal.

Webelievethepapermaybeofparticularinteresttothereadersofyourjournalasit

Correspondenceshouldbeaddressedto**atthefollowingaddress,phoneandfaxnumber,andemailaddress:

...

Thanksverymuchforyourattentiontoourpaper.

Sincerelyyours,

**

（4）23例文1例文2例文3例文4例文5例文124詢問(wèn)有無(wú)收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過(guò)郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年1月3日寄出，結(jié)果直到現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有受到編輯部的任何信息，詢問(wèn)是否已經(jīng)收到稿件。詢問(wèn)有無(wú)收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過(guò)郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年125DearEditors,

Wedispatchedourmanuscripttoyourjournalon3January2009buthavenot,asyet,receiveacknowledgementoftheirsafearrival.Wefearthatmayhavebeenlostandshouldbegratefulifyouwouldletusknowwhetherornotyouhavereceivedthem.Ifnot,wewillsendourmanuscriptagain.Thankyouinadvanceforyourhelp.

DearEditors,

Wedispatchedo26詢問(wèn)論文審查回音

背景介紹：編輯部收到您的論文時(shí)間已經(jīng)超過(guò)12周，詢問(wèn)論文是否已經(jīng)被接受或者被拒。如果您是編輯部的編輯，收到此信后，要作何答復(fù)。詢問(wèn)論文審查回音背景介紹：27DearEditors，

Itismorethan12weekssinceIsubmittedourmanuscript(No:)forpossiblepublicationinyourjournal.Ihavenotyetreceivedareplyandamwonderingwhetheryouhavereachedadecision.Ishouldappreciatedyourlettingmeknowwhatyouhavedecidedassoonaspossible.

DearEditors，

Itismorethan28Dear***,Thankyouforyoure-mail.Wewouldliketosincerelyapologizeforthelongdelayinreviewingyourarticle.Yourarticlewassenttomanydifferentreferees,mostofwhomfeltthattheywereeitherunqualifiedortheirtimewastoorestrictedtoreviewthepaper.Weunderstandthatyoumustfeelfrustrated,andwearesorryforthis.Pleaseunderstandthatwerelyentirelyonthereferee’storeturnarticlestousspeedily.Unfortunately,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Itwouldbemuchappreciatedifyoucouldsuggestanalternativerefereeforyourarticle,apersonwhomaybeabletoreviewthearticleinamoreappropriatetimeframe.Pleaseforwardthisperson’scontactdetails(e-mailaddress)tousassoonaspossible.Wewilldoourverybesttospeeduptheprocess.Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethatyouexperiencedduetothisdelay,andweappreciateyouunderstandingandtriedpatienceinthisregard.Dear***,29如何詢問(wèn)稿件以及編輯的答復(fù)背景介紹：稿件已經(jīng)寄出將近一個(gè)月，詢問(wèn)一下稿件的情況。如何詢問(wèn)稿件以及編輯的答復(fù)背景介紹：稿件已經(jīng)寄出將近一個(gè)月，30

DearEditor,Iamnotsureifitistherighttimetocontactyouagaintoinquireaboutthestatusofmysubmittedmanuscript(ref:****)althoughnearlyonemouthhavepassedsinceIcontactedyoulasttime.Iwouldbegreatlyappreciateifyoucouldspendsomeofyourtimecheckthestatusforme.Bestregards***DearEditor,31邀請(qǐng)函上沒(méi)有老外簽名，無(wú)法簽證背景介紹：老外的簽名跟我們的蓋章差不多，沒(méi)有簽名的東西是不正式的，我（Whyerect）去參加某次國(guó)際會(huì)議，簽證的時(shí)候才發(fā)現(xiàn)，粗心的老外給我的邀請(qǐng)函沒(méi)有他的簽名，我只好e-mail給她（Ms.Rose）詢問(wèn)，并馬上傳真給我。邀請(qǐng)函上沒(méi)有老外簽名，無(wú)法簽證背景介紹：老外的簽名跟我們的蓋32DearMs.Rose:IamWhyerectfromChina,whoplanstoparticipatethe11thInternationalSymposiumonDataMining2002inSyndney.Theposternumberofmypaperis007.Ifoundthe‘OFFICIALACCEPTANCELETTER’yousenttomewaslackofyoursignature.IamafraidthiswouldcausetroublewhenIgototheembassyformyvisa.CouldyoupleasesendmeafaxorelectronicversionofOFFICIALACCEPTANCELETTERwithyourautograph?Thankyou!RegardsWhyerectDearMs.Rose:33老外的答復(fù)DearWhyerect:Thankyouforyourmessage.Iamsorrythatthecorrectedinvitationhasnotreachedyou.Ihaverequestedanewmailingtobesenttoyoutoday.BestRegards,Rose老外的答復(fù)DearWhyerect:34你希望老外最好給你傳真一份，這樣你可以有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)簽證，按照大使館的規(guī)定，簽證可能需要2-3周，再寫信說(shuō)明你的意思。你希望老外最好給你傳真一份，這樣你可以有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)簽證，按35DearMs.Rose,CouldyoupleasefaxacopyofmyacceptanceletterfirstsothatIcouldhaveenoughtimeformyvisaapplication?Thevisaapplicationwilltakemeabout2-3weeksaccordingtotheembassy.Thanksalot!RegardsWhyerectDearMs.Rose,36DearWhyerect,TheinvitationletterforyourpresentationatSPIE’sInternationalSymposiumDataMining(22-27October2002)hasbeenmailed.AnAdobeacrobatpadfileoftheletterisattachedtothismessageforyouruse.WelookforwardtoyourparticipationinSydney.BestregardsRoseDearWhyerect,37一、投稿信二、詢問(wèn)有無(wú)收到稿件三、詢問(wèn)論文審查回音四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見(jiàn)五、給編輯的回信

一、投稿信38四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見(jiàn)

1.Thisisacarefullydonestudyandthefindingsareofconsiderableinterest.Afewminorrevisionarelistbelow.

2.Thisisawell-writtenpapercontaininginterestingresultswhichmeritpublication.Forthebenefitofthereader,however,anumberofpointsneedclarifyingandcertainstatementsrequirefurtherjustification.Therearegivenbelow.

3.Althoughtheseobservationareinteresting,theyareratherlimitedanddonotadvanceourknowledgeofthesubjectsufficientlytowarrantpublicationinPNAS.Wesuggestthattheauthorstrysubmittingtheirfindingstospecialistjournalsuchas–

四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見(jiàn)394.Althoughthispaperisgood,itwouldbeeverbetterifsomeextradatawereadded.

5.Thismanuscriptisnotsuitableforpublicationinthejournalof–becausethemainobservationitdescribewasreported3yearsagoinareputablejournalof-.

6.PleaseasksomeonefamiliarwithEnglishlanguagetohelpyourewritethispaper.Asyouwillsee,Ihavemadesomecorrectionatthebeginningofthepaperwheresomesyntaxisnotsatisfactory.

7.WefeelthatthispotentiallyinterestingstudyhasbeenmarredbyaninabilitytocommunicatethefindingcorrectlyinEnglishandshouldliketosuggestthattheauthorsseektheadviceofsomeonewithagoodknowledgeofEnglish,preferablenativespeaker.

4.Althoughthispaperisgood40

8.Thewordingandstyleofsomesection,particularlythoseconcerningHPLC,needcarefulediting.AttentionshouldbepaidtothewordingofthosepartsoftheDiscussionofandSummarywhichhavebeenunderlined.

9.PreliminaryexperimentsonlyhavebeendoneandwithexceptionofthatsummarizedinTable2,nonehasbeenrepeated.Thisisclearlyunsatisfactory,particularlywhenthereissomuchvariationbetweenassays.

10.Theconditionofincubationarepoorlydefined.Whatisthetemperature?Wereantibodyused?

8.Thewordingandstyleof41五、給編輯的回信1.Inreplytothereferee’smaincriticismofpaper,itispossibletosaythat–

OneminorpointraisedbytherefereeconcernsoftheextracompositionofthereactionmixtureinFigure1.Thishasnowbeencorrected.Furtherminorchangeshadbeenmadeonpage3,paragraph1(line3-8)and2(line6-11).Thesedonotaffectourinterpretationoftheresult.

2.Ihavereadthereferee’scommentsverycarefullyandconcludethatthepaperhasbeenrejectedonthesolegroundsthatitlaketoxicitydata.IadmitthatIdidnotincludeatoxicitytableinmyarticlealthoughperhapsIshouldhavedone.Thiswasforthesakeofbrevityratherthananerrororomission.

3.Thankyouforyourletterof–andforthereferee’scommentsconcerningourmanuscriptentitled“”.Wehavestudiedtheircommentscarefullyandhavemadecorrectionwhichwehopemeetwiththeirapproval.

五、給編輯的回信424.Ienclosedarevisedmanuscriptwhichincludesareportofadditionalexperimentsdoneatthereferee’ssuggestion.Youwillseethatouroriginalfindingsareconfirmed.

5.Wearesendingtherevisedmanuscriptaccordingtothecommentsofthereviewers.Revisedportionareunderlinedinred.

6.Wefoundthereferee’scommentsmosthelpfulandhaverevisedthemanuscript

7.Wearepleasedtonotethefavorablecommentsofreviewersintheiropeningsentence.

4.Ienclosedarevisedmanusc43

8.Thankyouforyourletter.IamverypleasedtolearnthatourmanuscriptisacceptableforpublicationinCancerResearchwithminorrevision.

9.Wehavethereforecompletedafurtherseriesofexperiments,theresultofwhicharesummarizedinTable5.Fromthisweconcludethatintrinsicfactorisnotaccount.

10.Wedeletedtherelevantpassagesincetheyarenotessentialtothecontentsofthepaper.

11.Ifeelthatthereviewer’scommentsconcerningFigures1and2resultfromamisinterpretationofthedata.

44

12.Wewouldhaveincludeanon-proteininhibitorinoursystem,asacontrol,ifonehadbeenavailable.

13.WeprefertoretaintheuseofTable4forreasonsthatitshouldbeclearfromthenewparagraphinsertedattheendoftheResultssection.

14.Althoughreviewerdoesnotconsideritisimportanttomeasurethetemperatureofthecells,weconsideritessential.

15.Therunningtitlehasbeenchangedto“”.

16.TheMaterialsandMethodssectionnowincludesdetailsformeasuringuptakeofisotopeandassayinghexokinase.

17.TheconcentrationofHATmedia(page12paragraph2)wasincorrectlystatedintheoriginalmanuscript.Thishasbeenrectified.Theauthorsaregratefultotherefereesforpointingouttheirerror.

12.Wewouldhaveincludean45

18.Assuggestedbybothreferees,adiscussionofthepossibilityoflaseractiononchromosomehasbeenincluded(page16,paragraph2).

19.Weincludedanewsetofphotographswithbetterdefinitionthanthoseoriginallysubmittedandtowhichascalehasbeenadded.

20.Followingthesuggestionofthereferees,wehaveredrawFigure3and4.

21.Twofurtherpapers,publishedsinceouroriginalsubmission,havebeenaddedtothetextandReferencesection.Theseare:

18.Assuggestedbybothrefe4622.Weshouldliketothanktherefereesfortheirhelpfulcommentsandhopethatwehavenowproducedamorebalanceandbetteraccountofourwork.Wetrustthattherevisedmanuscriptisacceptableforpublication.

23.Igreatlyappreciatebothyourhelpandthatoftherefereesconcerningimprovementtothispaper.Ihopethattherevisedmanuscriptisnowsuitableforpublication.

24.Ishouldliketoexpressmyappreciationtoyouandtherefereesforsuggestinghowtoimproveourpaper.

25.Iapologizeforthedelayinrevisingthemanuscript.Thiswasduetoourdoinganadditionalexperiment,assuggestedbyreferees.22.Weshouldliketotha47沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議，索要論文集

背景：會(huì)議論文被錄用，但沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議，對(duì)方郵寄了光盤，詢問(wèn)是否有紙質(zhì)論文集。沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議，索要論文集背景：會(huì)議論文被錄用，但沒(méi)有出48DearSeanThanksforsendingtheCD-ROMcopy,butIhavenotreceivedthebook(theprodeeding),Iwanttoknowwhetherabookshouldbeincluded.Asyouknow,theprintedcopywouldbemorebelievableandusefulasareference,IfIwantonehowmuchitcost?Thankyou.BestwishesJinkeDearSean49HelloDr.,Aprintedversionis125pluswhatevershippingandcurrencyconversioncosts.Theycanbeorderedandpaidforthroughthesamerouteadpreviously.CheersDr.SeanD.Dessureault2005APCOMChairmanHelloDr.,50

科技英語(yǔ)寫作語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤舉例英語(yǔ)寫作表達(dá)的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題

51科技英語(yǔ)寫作語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤舉例1

Subject-VerbAgreementsRestrictiveandNonrestrictiveClausesDanglingModifiers（垂懸修飾語(yǔ)）4

AwkwardOmissionsofVerbsandAuxiliaryVerbs

科技英語(yǔ)寫作語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤舉例521

Subject-VerbAgreements

例1Applicationofthistechniquetostudiesonphytoplanktonbiomassanditsenvironments

are

described.[說(shuō)明]Thesubjectis“application”,whichissingular.

Applicationofthistechniqueto…is

described.1

Subject-VerbAgreement53Sometimes,twosingularsubjectsjoinedby“and”causethiserror.例2GrowthandisolationofM13viruswasdescribed→Growthand

isolationofM13virusweredescribed.Exception:Asubjectthatispluralinformbutsingularineffecttakesasingularverb.例3Thenameandaddressofeachcontributorisgivenonthetitlepage.例4Researchanddevelopment

isattractingagrowingnumberofyoungscientists.Sometimes,twosingularsubjec54However,whentwoormoresubjectsarejoinedby“or”,theverbtakesthenumberoftheclosestsubject.例5Applicationoruseswerenoted.Usesorapplicationwasnoted.例6Theappropriatemetalionconcentrationortherateconstantswereused.Therateconstantsorappropriatemetalionconcentrationwasused.However,whentwoormoresubj55

Collectivenouns(集合名詞)takeasingularverbwhenthegroupasawholeismeant;inthatcasetheyareoftenprecededbytheword“the”.Collectivenounstakeapluralverbwhenindividualsofthegrouparemeant;inthatcase,theyareoftenprecededbytheword“a”.contentsmajorityrangecouplenumberseriesdozenpairvarietygroupCollectivenouns(集合名詞)take56例7Theseries

isarrangedinorderofdecreasingsize.[說(shuō)明]Referstotheseriesasaunit.例8Aseriesofcompoundsweretested.[說(shuō)明]Referstoeachcompound.《研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》課件57

例9Thenumberofmetalamidessynthesizedwasthelargesttodate.(Referstothenumberasaunit.)Anumberofmetalamidesweresynthesized.(Referstoeachamide.)例10Theseriesofcompoundswaspreparedtotestthehypothesis.(Referstotheseriesasaunit.)Aseriesofcompoundsweretested.(Referstoeachcompound.)例9Thenumberofmetalami58

“Data”canbeasingularorpluralnoun.

例11Experimentaldatathatweobtainedarecomparedwithpreviouslyreportedresults.[說(shuō)明]Referstothedataasindividualresults.例12Afterthedataaredistributed,wecanmeettodiscussthem.→Afterthedataisdistributed,wecanmeettodiscussit.[說(shuō)明]Referstothewholecollectionofdataasoneunit.

“Data”canbeasingularor59例13Noneofthesampleswassoluble.→Noneofthesamplesweresoluble.[說(shuō)明]Referstoindividuals.例14Thisgroupofworkersarewellawareoftheirresponsibilities.→Thisgroupofworkersiswellawareofitsresponsibilities.[說(shuō)明]Referstothegroupasaunit.例13Noneofthesampleswass60研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)研究生專業(yè)英語(yǔ)61英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題確立論點(diǎn)搜集材料擬定提綱寫作與修改初稿（反復(fù)多次進(jìn)行）注明參考文獻(xiàn)撰寫摘要打印校對(duì)英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題62論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title作者姓名及單位Authornameandaffiliation內(nèi)容提要 Abstract關(guān)鍵詞 Keywords正文 Textbody致謝 Acknowledgements(可?。﹨⒖嘉墨I(xiàn) References附錄 Appendix(根據(jù)需要）作者簡(jiǎn)介 Resume(視刊物而定）論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title63論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction背景分析 Background(視情況而定）材料和實(shí)驗(yàn) Materialsandexperiments實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 Results討論 Discussion結(jié)論/總結(jié) Conclusions論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction64標(biāo)題論文題目寫在第一行的正中。如果較長(zhǎng)，可寫成兩、三行。一般居中排列。題尾不加句號(hào)。論文題目一般為名詞詞組或名詞短語(yǔ)，較少使用完整的句子。在必須使用動(dòng)詞的情況下，一般用動(dòng)名詞或具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)的名詞。例如：Two-dimensionalpatternformationinsurfactant-mediatedepitaxial(取向附生的)

growthDopantdiffusioninSiGe：modelingstressandGechemicaleffects標(biāo)題65作者名稱論文的作者姓名一般寫在論文題目的下面。按照英美國(guó)家的習(xí)慣，名（firstname)在前，姓（surname/familyname/lastname)在后。如果幾個(gè)人共同撰寫，應(yīng)該逐一寫出各自的姓名，同時(shí)注明作者的工作單位。作者名稱66摘要摘要一般放在標(biāo)題頁(yè)的正文之前，用不同于正文的字體排版，以突出其顯著位置。摘要是對(duì)一篇論文的主要內(nèi)容以精煉的文字進(jìn)行高度的概括，使讀者不必閱讀論文全文即可迅速了解論文內(nèi)容，或者讓讀者對(duì)即將閱讀的論文有思想準(zhǔn)備，或者讓讀者判斷是否有通讀全文的必要。摘要只對(duì)論文信息進(jìn)行濃縮，而不架主觀評(píng)論或解釋。一般5000字?jǐn)?shù)論文，摘要長(zhǎng)度小于300字。注意abstract與summary的區(qū)別。摘要67關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞既可作為文獻(xiàn)檢索或分類的標(biāo)識(shí)，它本身又是論文的主題濃縮。讀者可以從中判斷論文的主題、研究方向、所用方法等。關(guān)鍵詞以名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)居多。縮略語(yǔ)慎用。關(guān)鍵詞68致謝論文的作者可以在論文的末尾對(duì)他人對(duì)自己工作的指導(dǎo)、幫助和資助表示感謝，即為致謝。一般置于結(jié)論之后，參考文獻(xiàn)之前。致謝69參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)的具體內(nèi)容和形式不統(tǒng)一，大家讀比較頭痛。一般包括一下三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容：作者、題目、出版事項(xiàng)出版事項(xiàng)指：書刊名稱，出版地點(diǎn)，出版單位，出版年份與卷、期、頁(yè)。T.P.L.Pedersen,A.N.Larsen,andA.Mesli,Appl.Phys.Lett.75,4085(1999).H.Weman,B.Monemar,G.S.Oehrlein,S.J.Jeng,Phys.Rev.B42(1990)3109.LeeSKandStebbinJ,Structureofsilicateglassesandmeltsathighpressure:quantumchemicalcalculationsandsolid-stateNMR,JournalofPhysicalChemistryB,2004,108:5889-5900.參考文獻(xiàn)70如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔，概述與細(xì)節(jié)之間應(yīng)該平衡互補(bǔ)。內(nèi)容取舍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先是對(duì)論文本身重點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容的理解，其次是應(yīng)該考慮到讀者閱讀的方式。資料性摘要一般包括的內(nèi)容為：1、方法手段簡(jiǎn)介(Methodology)2、主要結(jié)果(Results)3、結(jié)論和建議(ConclusionsandSuggestions)如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔，概述與細(xì)節(jié)之間71摘要的語(yǔ)言摘要的時(shí)態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2、報(bào)道研究結(jié)果時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3、介紹研究過(guò)程時(shí)，可以用過(guò)去時(shí)。4、陳述結(jié)論或建議，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5、根據(jù)需要，也可以適當(dāng)用完成時(shí)。摘要的語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比其它寫作更常見(jiàn)。摘要的語(yǔ)言摘要的時(shí)態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。摘72常用句型和表達(dá)方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)AnPTCceramicispresentinthispaper.Thispaperreviewsthemethodfordealingwith…Thisarticlesummarizesthetheory…2、闡明論文寫作目的Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexploreanewmethod…Thepaperattemptstoanalyze…intermsof…Thestudyisaimedatfindingoutthesimilarities…Themainobjectiveofthisinvestigationis…Basedonourresearch,weintenttofindout…常用句型和表達(dá)方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)2、闡明論文寫作733、陳述論文的論點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)Thecarbon-relateddefectsarediscussed…Thispaperreportsthepreparationandthequantumconfinementeffectsof…Thispaperdealswith(concerns)…4、介紹研究過(guò)程和研究范圍Thecharacteristicof…wasinvestigated.Westudythesynthesismethodof…inthispaper.Theprincipleofpreparing…isproposed.Thesamplesofpyroelectricceramicwerecollectedby…ThePTCeffectismeasuredby…3、陳述論文的論點(diǎn)或作者的觀點(diǎn)4、介紹研究過(guò)程和研究范圍746、闡述論證或結(jié)果Theresultsshowthat…ItisfoundthattheamorphousSishowatendencyin…Thestudyofthosepropertiesindicates…Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratethat…7、介紹結(jié)論Itisconcludedthattheabsorptionspectraof…Basedon…,thefollowingconclusioncanbedrawn…Inconclusion,theresultsshows…Theresearchhasledto…Insummary,…6、闡述論證或結(jié)果7、介紹結(jié)論758、突出論文的重點(diǎn)Thispaperfocuseson…Theprimaryconcernofthispaperis…Particularattentionisontherevolutionof…Thispaperconcentratesontheeffectsof…Theemphasisison……isthemaintopicofthispaper.8、突出論文的重點(diǎn)76

COVERLETTER(投稿信)實(shí)用指南COVERLETTER(投稿信)實(shí)用指南77什么是coverletter？coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？如何寫coverletter？常用模板例文什么是coverletter？78

1、什么是coverletter？

2、coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？

所投稿件的核心內(nèi)容、主要發(fā)現(xiàn)和意義，擬投期刊，對(duì)稿件處理有無(wú)特殊要求等。附上主要作者的中文姓名、通訊地址、電話、傳真和e-mail地址。有的雜志要求推薦幾位審稿人及其聯(lián)系方式。以及誰(shuí)已經(jīng)閱讀過(guò)該文。

說(shuō)明你論文研究的意義，以及與這個(gè)雜志的相關(guān)性；寫明沒(méi)有一搞多投等。臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)要求寫明符合倫理學(xué)要求。

3、如何寫coverletter？

在雜志的guideforauthors一般會(huì)有要求。

1、什么是coverletter？794、常用模板：

（1）Coverletter

DearMr.**

Theworkdescribedhasnotbeensubmittedelsewhereforpublication,inwholeorinpart,andalltheauthorslistedhaveapprovedthemanuscriptthatisenclosed.

IhavereadandhaveabidedbythestatementofethicalstandardsformanuscriptssubmittedtoNeuroscience.

kindregards.

Yoursincerely,

通訊作者

4、常用模板：80（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmitourmanuscriptentitled"文章title"to雜志名forpublication.

接著簡(jiǎn)單介紹你文章的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和意義，不易過(guò)多，但要突出新意和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。

Allauthorshaveseenthemanuscriptandapprovedtosubmittoyourjournal.

Thankyouverymuchforyourattentionandconsideration.

Sincerelyyours,

通訊作者

（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmit81（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,***

(addaddress)January22,2003

DearDr.**,

Enclosedherewithpleasefind3copiesofaMSby:‘***.***and***’entitled:“**********”,whichwewouldliketosubmitforpublicationinthe‘******'.

Lookingforwardtoyourdecision,

Withkindpersonalregards,

Sincerelyyours,

*****

Professorof***

（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,**82

（4）DearProf.Gil:

Thisisamanuscriptby**and**entitled“”.Itissubmittedtobeconsideredforpublicationasa“...”inyourjournal.Thispaperisnew.Neithertheentirepapernoranypartofitscontenthasbeenpublishedorhasbeenacceptedelsewhere.Itisnotbeingsubmittedtoanyotherjournal.

Webelievethepapermaybeofparticularinteresttothereadersofyourjournalasit

Correspondenceshouldbeaddressedto**atthefollowingaddress,phoneandfaxnumber,andemailaddress:

...

Thanksverymuchforyourattentiontoourpaper.

Sincerelyyours,

**

（4）83例文1例文2例文3例文4例文5例文184詢問(wèn)有無(wú)收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過(guò)郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年1月3日寄出，結(jié)果直到現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有受到編輯部的任何信息，詢問(wèn)是否已經(jīng)收到稿件。詢問(wèn)有無(wú)收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過(guò)郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年185DearEditors,

Wedispatchedourmanuscripttoyourjournalon3January2009buthavenot,asyet,receiveacknowledgementoftheirsafearrival.Wefearthatmayhavebeenlostandshouldbegratefulifyouwouldletusknowwhetherornotyouhavereceivedthem.Ifnot,wewillsendourmanuscriptagain.Thankyouinadvanceforyourhelp.

DearEditors,

Wedispatchedo86詢問(wèn)論文審查回音

背景介紹：編輯部收到您的論文時(shí)間已經(jīng)超過(guò)12周，詢問(wèn)論文是否已經(jīng)被接受或者被拒。如果您是編輯部的編輯，收到此信后，要作何答復(fù)。詢問(wèn)論文審查回音背景介紹：87DearEditors，

Itismorethan12weekssinceIsubmittedourmanuscript(No:)forpossiblepublicationinyourjournal.Ihavenotyetreceivedareplyandamwonderingwhetheryouhavereachedadecision.Ishouldappreciatedyourlettingmeknowwhatyouhavedecidedassoonaspossible.

DearEditors，

Itismorethan88Dear***,Thankyouforyoure-mail.Wewouldliketosincerelyapologizeforthelongdelayinreviewingyourarticle.Yourarticlewassenttomanydifferentreferees,mostofwhomfeltthattheywereeitherunqualifiedortheirtimewastoorestrictedtoreviewthepaper.Weunderstandthatyoumustfeelfrustrated,andwearesorryforthis.Pleaseunderstandthatwerelyentirelyonthereferee’storeturnarticlestousspeedily.Unfortunately,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Itwouldbemuchappreciatedifyoucouldsuggestanalternativerefereeforyourarticle,apersonwhomaybeabletoreviewthearticleinamor