《研究生專業(yè)英語》課件

研究生專業(yè)英語研究生專業(yè)英語1英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題確立論點搜集材料擬定提綱寫作與修改初稿（反復多次進行）注明參考文獻撰寫摘要打印校對英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題2論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title作者姓名及單位Authornameandaffiliation內(nèi)容提要 Abstract關(guān)鍵詞 Keywords正文 Textbody致謝 Acknowledgements(可?。﹨⒖嘉墨I References附錄 Appendix(根據(jù)需要）作者簡介 Resume(視刊物而定）論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title3論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction背景分析 Background(視情況而定）材料和實驗 Materialsandexperiments實驗結(jié)果 Results討論 Discussion結(jié)論/總結(jié) Conclusions論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction4標題論文題目寫在第一行的正中。如果較長，可寫成兩、三行。一般居中排列。題尾不加句號。論文題目一般為名詞詞組或名詞短語，較少使用完整的句子。在必須使用動詞的情況下，一般用動名詞或具有動詞性質(zhì)的名詞。例如：Two-dimensionalpatternformationinsurfactant-mediatedepitaxial(取向附生的)

growthDopantdiffusioninSiGe：modelingstressandGechemicaleffects標題5作者名稱論文的作者姓名一般寫在論文題目的下面。按照英美國家的習慣，名（firstname)在前，姓（surname/familyname/lastname)在后。如果幾個人共同撰寫，應該逐一寫出各自的姓名，同時注明作者的工作單位。作者名稱6摘要摘要一般放在標題頁的正文之前，用不同于正文的字體排版，以突出其顯著位置。摘要是對一篇論文的主要內(nèi)容以精煉的文字進行高度的概括，使讀者不必閱讀論文全文即可迅速了解論文內(nèi)容，或者讓讀者對即將閱讀的論文有思想準備，或者讓讀者判斷是否有通讀全文的必要。摘要只對論文信息進行濃縮，而不架主觀評論或解釋。一般5000字數(shù)論文，摘要長度小于300字。注意abstract與summary的區(qū)別。摘要7關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞既可作為文獻檢索或分類的標識，它本身又是論文的主題濃縮。讀者可以從中判斷論文的主題、研究方向、所用方法等。關(guān)鍵詞以名詞或名詞短語居多?？s略語慎用。關(guān)鍵詞8致謝論文的作者可以在論文的末尾對他人對自己工作的指導、幫助和資助表示感謝，即為致謝。一般置于結(jié)論之后，參考文獻之前。致謝9參考文獻參考文獻的具體內(nèi)容和形式不統(tǒng)一，大家讀比較頭痛。一般包括一下三項內(nèi)容：作者、題目、出版事項出版事項指：書刊名稱，出版地點，出版單位，出版年份與卷、期、頁。T.P.L.Pedersen,A.N.Larsen,andA.Mesli,Appl.Phys.Lett.75,4085(1999).H.Weman,B.Monemar,G.S.Oehrlein,S.J.Jeng,Phys.Rev.B42(1990)3109.LeeSKandStebbinJ,Structureofsilicateglassesandmeltsathighpressure:quantumchemicalcalculationsandsolid-stateNMR,JournalofPhysicalChemistryB,2004,108:5889-5900.參考文獻10如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準確、簡潔，概述與細節(jié)之間應該平衡互補。內(nèi)容取舍的標準首先是對論文本身重點的內(nèi)容的理解，其次是應該考慮到讀者閱讀的方式。資料性摘要一般包括的內(nèi)容為：1、方法手段簡介(Methodology)2、主要結(jié)果(Results)3、結(jié)論和建議(ConclusionsandSuggestions)如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準確、簡潔，概述與細節(jié)之間11摘要的語言摘要的時態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時，使用現(xiàn)在時。2、報道研究結(jié)果時，使用現(xiàn)在時。3、介紹研究過程時，可以用過去時。4、陳述結(jié)論或建議，用現(xiàn)在時。5、根據(jù)需要，也可以適當用完成時。摘要的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)為主，被動語態(tài)比其它寫作更常見。摘要的語言摘要的時態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時，使用現(xiàn)在時。摘12常用句型和表達方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識AnPTCceramicispresentinthispaper.Thispaperreviewsthemethodfordealingwith…Thisarticlesummarizesthetheory…2、闡明論文寫作目的Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexploreanewmethod…Thepaperattemptstoanalyze…intermsof…Thestudyisaimedatfindingoutthesimilarities…Themainobjectiveofthisinvestigationis…Basedonourresearch,weintenttofindout…常用句型和表達方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識2、闡明論文寫作133、陳述論文的論點或作者的觀點Thecarbon-relateddefectsarediscussed…Thispaperreportsthepreparationandthequantumconfinementeffectsof…Thispaperdealswith(concerns)…4、介紹研究過程和研究范圍Thecharacteristicof…wasinvestigated.Westudythesynthesismethodof…inthispaper.Theprincipleofpreparing…isproposed.Thesamplesofpyroelectricceramicwerecollectedby…ThePTCeffectismeasuredby…3、陳述論文的論點或作者的觀點4、介紹研究過程和研究范圍146、闡述論證或結(jié)果Theresultsshowthat…ItisfoundthattheamorphousSishowatendencyin…Thestudyofthosepropertiesindicates…Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratethat…7、介紹結(jié)論Itisconcludedthattheabsorptionspectraof…Basedon…,thefollowingconclusioncanbedrawn…Inconclusion,theresultsshows…Theresearchhasledto…Insummary,…6、闡述論證或結(jié)果7、介紹結(jié)論158、突出論文的重點Thispaperfocuseson…Theprimaryconcernofthispaperis…Particularattentionisontherevolutionof…Thispaperconcentratesontheeffectsof…Theemphasisison……isthemaintopicofthispaper.8、突出論文的重點16

COVERLETTER(投稿信)實用指南COVERLETTER(投稿信)實用指南17什么是coverletter？coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？如何寫coverletter？常用模板例文什么是coverletter？18

1、什么是coverletter？

2、coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？

所投稿件的核心內(nèi)容、主要發(fā)現(xiàn)和意義，擬投期刊，對稿件處理有無特殊要求等。附上主要作者的中文姓名、通訊地址、電話、傳真和e-mail地址。有的雜志要求推薦幾位審稿人及其聯(lián)系方式。以及誰已經(jīng)閱讀過該文。

說明你論文研究的意義，以及與這個雜志的相關(guān)性；寫明沒有一搞多投等。臨床實驗要求寫明符合倫理學要求。

3、如何寫coverletter？

在雜志的guideforauthors一般會有要求。

1、什么是coverletter？194、常用模板：

（1）Coverletter

DearMr.**

Theworkdescribedhasnotbeensubmittedelsewhereforpublication,inwholeorinpart,andalltheauthorslistedhaveapprovedthemanuscriptthatisenclosed.

IhavereadandhaveabidedbythestatementofethicalstandardsformanuscriptssubmittedtoNeuroscience.

kindregards.

Yoursincerely,

通訊作者

4、常用模板：20（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmitourmanuscriptentitled"文章title"to雜志名forpublication.

接著簡單介紹你文章的主要創(chuàng)新點和意義，不易過多，但要突出新意和關(guān)鍵點。

Allauthorshaveseenthemanuscriptandapprovedtosubmittoyourjournal.

Thankyouverymuchforyourattentionandconsideration.

Sincerelyyours,

通訊作者

（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmit21（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,***

(addaddress)January22,2003

DearDr.**,

Enclosedherewithpleasefind3copiesofaMSby:‘***.***and***’entitled:“**********”,whichwewouldliketosubmitforpublicationinthe‘******'.

Lookingforwardtoyourdecision,

Withkindpersonalregards,

Sincerelyyours,

*****

Professorof***

（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,**22

（4）DearProf.Gil:

Thisisamanuscriptby**and**entitled“”.Itissubmittedtobeconsideredforpublicationasa“...”inyourjournal.Thispaperisnew.Neithertheentirepapernoranypartofitscontenthasbeenpublishedorhasbeenacceptedelsewhere.Itisnotbeingsubmittedtoanyotherjournal.

Webelievethepapermaybeofparticularinteresttothereadersofyourjournalasit

Correspondenceshouldbeaddressedto**atthefollowingaddress,phoneandfaxnumber,andemailaddress:

...

Thanksverymuchforyourattentiontoourpaper.

Sincerelyyours,

**

（4）23例文1例文2例文3例文4例文5例文124詢問有無收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年1月3日寄出，結(jié)果直到現(xiàn)在沒有受到編輯部的任何信息，詢問是否已經(jīng)收到稿件。詢問有無收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年125DearEditors,

Wedispatchedourmanuscripttoyourjournalon3January2009buthavenot,asyet,receiveacknowledgementoftheirsafearrival.Wefearthatmayhavebeenlostandshouldbegratefulifyouwouldletusknowwhetherornotyouhavereceivedthem.Ifnot,wewillsendourmanuscriptagain.Thankyouinadvanceforyourhelp.

DearEditors,

Wedispatchedo26詢問論文審查回音

背景介紹：編輯部收到您的論文時間已經(jīng)超過12周，詢問論文是否已經(jīng)被接受或者被拒。如果您是編輯部的編輯，收到此信后，要作何答復。詢問論文審查回音背景介紹：27DearEditors，

Itismorethan12weekssinceIsubmittedourmanuscript(No:)forpossiblepublicationinyourjournal.Ihavenotyetreceivedareplyandamwonderingwhetheryouhavereachedadecision.Ishouldappreciatedyourlettingmeknowwhatyouhavedecidedassoonaspossible.

DearEditors，

Itismorethan28Dear***,Thankyouforyoure-mail.Wewouldliketosincerelyapologizeforthelongdelayinreviewingyourarticle.Yourarticlewassenttomanydifferentreferees,mostofwhomfeltthattheywereeitherunqualifiedortheirtimewastoorestrictedtoreviewthepaper.Weunderstandthatyoumustfeelfrustrated,andwearesorryforthis.Pleaseunderstandthatwerelyentirelyonthereferee’storeturnarticlestousspeedily.Unfortunately,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Itwouldbemuchappreciatedifyoucouldsuggestanalternativerefereeforyourarticle,apersonwhomaybeabletoreviewthearticleinamoreappropriatetimeframe.Pleaseforwardthisperson’scontactdetails(e-mailaddress)tousassoonaspossible.Wewilldoourverybesttospeeduptheprocess.Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethatyouexperiencedduetothisdelay,andweappreciateyouunderstandingandtriedpatienceinthisregard.Dear***,29如何詢問稿件以及編輯的答復背景介紹：稿件已經(jīng)寄出將近一個月，詢問一下稿件的情況。如何詢問稿件以及編輯的答復背景介紹：稿件已經(jīng)寄出將近一個月，30

DearEditor,Iamnotsureifitistherighttimetocontactyouagaintoinquireaboutthestatusofmysubmittedmanuscript(ref:****)althoughnearlyonemouthhavepassedsinceIcontactedyoulasttime.Iwouldbegreatlyappreciateifyoucouldspendsomeofyourtimecheckthestatusforme.Bestregards***DearEditor,31邀請函上沒有老外簽名，無法簽證背景介紹：老外的簽名跟我們的蓋章差不多，沒有簽名的東西是不正式的，我（Whyerect）去參加某次國際會議，簽證的時候才發(fā)現(xiàn)，粗心的老外給我的邀請函沒有他的簽名，我只好e-mail給她（Ms.Rose）詢問，并馬上傳真給我。邀請函上沒有老外簽名，無法簽證背景介紹：老外的簽名跟我們的蓋32DearMs.Rose:IamWhyerectfromChina,whoplanstoparticipatethe11thInternationalSymposiumonDataMining2002inSyndney.Theposternumberofmypaperis007.Ifoundthe‘OFFICIALACCEPTANCELETTER’yousenttomewaslackofyoursignature.IamafraidthiswouldcausetroublewhenIgototheembassyformyvisa.CouldyoupleasesendmeafaxorelectronicversionofOFFICIALACCEPTANCELETTERwithyourautograph?Thankyou!RegardsWhyerectDearMs.Rose:33老外的答復DearWhyerect:Thankyouforyourmessage.Iamsorrythatthecorrectedinvitationhasnotreachedyou.Ihaverequestedanewmailingtobesenttoyoutoday.BestRegards,Rose老外的答復DearWhyerect:34你希望老外最好給你傳真一份，這樣你可以有足夠的時間來簽證，按照大使館的規(guī)定，簽證可能需要2-3周，再寫信說明你的意思。你希望老外最好給你傳真一份，這樣你可以有足夠的時間來簽證，按35DearMs.Rose,CouldyoupleasefaxacopyofmyacceptanceletterfirstsothatIcouldhaveenoughtimeformyvisaapplication?Thevisaapplicationwilltakemeabout2-3weeksaccordingtotheembassy.Thanksalot!RegardsWhyerectDearMs.Rose,36DearWhyerect,TheinvitationletterforyourpresentationatSPIE’sInternationalSymposiumDataMining(22-27October2002)hasbeenmailed.AnAdobeacrobatpadfileoftheletterisattachedtothismessageforyouruse.WelookforwardtoyourparticipationinSydney.BestregardsRoseDearWhyerect,37一、投稿信二、詢問有無收到稿件三、詢問論文審查回音四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見五、給編輯的回信

一、投稿信38四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見

1.Thisisacarefullydonestudyandthefindingsareofconsiderableinterest.Afewminorrevisionarelistbelow.

2.Thisisawell-writtenpapercontaininginterestingresultswhichmeritpublication.Forthebenefitofthereader,however,anumberofpointsneedclarifyingandcertainstatementsrequirefurtherjustification.Therearegivenbelow.

3.Althoughtheseobservationareinteresting,theyareratherlimitedanddonotadvanceourknowledgeofthesubjectsufficientlytowarrantpublicationinPNAS.Wesuggestthattheauthorstrysubmittingtheirfindingstospecialistjournalsuchas–

四、關(guān)于論文的總體審查意見394.Althoughthispaperisgood,itwouldbeeverbetterifsomeextradatawereadded.

5.Thismanuscriptisnotsuitableforpublicationinthejournalof–becausethemainobservationitdescribewasreported3yearsagoinareputablejournalof-.

6.PleaseasksomeonefamiliarwithEnglishlanguagetohelpyourewritethispaper.Asyouwillsee,Ihavemadesomecorrectionatthebeginningofthepaperwheresomesyntaxisnotsatisfactory.

7.WefeelthatthispotentiallyinterestingstudyhasbeenmarredbyaninabilitytocommunicatethefindingcorrectlyinEnglishandshouldliketosuggestthattheauthorsseektheadviceofsomeonewithagoodknowledgeofEnglish,preferablenativespeaker.

4.Althoughthispaperisgood40

8.Thewordingandstyleofsomesection,particularlythoseconcerningHPLC,needcarefulediting.AttentionshouldbepaidtothewordingofthosepartsoftheDiscussionofandSummarywhichhavebeenunderlined.

9.PreliminaryexperimentsonlyhavebeendoneandwithexceptionofthatsummarizedinTable2,nonehasbeenrepeated.Thisisclearlyunsatisfactory,particularlywhenthereissomuchvariationbetweenassays.

10.Theconditionofincubationarepoorlydefined.Whatisthetemperature?Wereantibodyused?

8.Thewordingandstyleof41五、給編輯的回信1.Inreplytothereferee’smaincriticismofpaper,itispossibletosaythat–

OneminorpointraisedbytherefereeconcernsoftheextracompositionofthereactionmixtureinFigure1.Thishasnowbeencorrected.Furtherminorchangeshadbeenmadeonpage3,paragraph1(line3-8)and2(line6-11).Thesedonotaffectourinterpretationoftheresult.

2.Ihavereadthereferee’scommentsverycarefullyandconcludethatthepaperhasbeenrejectedonthesolegroundsthatitlaketoxicitydata.IadmitthatIdidnotincludeatoxicitytableinmyarticlealthoughperhapsIshouldhavedone.Thiswasforthesakeofbrevityratherthananerrororomission.

3.Thankyouforyourletterof–andforthereferee’scommentsconcerningourmanuscriptentitled“”.Wehavestudiedtheircommentscarefullyandhavemadecorrectionwhichwehopemeetwiththeirapproval.

五、給編輯的回信424.Ienclosedarevisedmanuscriptwhichincludesareportofadditionalexperimentsdoneatthereferee’ssuggestion.Youwillseethatouroriginalfindingsareconfirmed.

5.Wearesendingtherevisedmanuscriptaccordingtothecommentsofthereviewers.Revisedportionareunderlinedinred.

6.Wefoundthereferee’scommentsmosthelpfulandhaverevisedthemanuscript

7.Wearepleasedtonotethefavorablecommentsofreviewersintheiropeningsentence.

4.Ienclosedarevisedmanusc43

8.Thankyouforyourletter.IamverypleasedtolearnthatourmanuscriptisacceptableforpublicationinCancerResearchwithminorrevision.

9.Wehavethereforecompletedafurtherseriesofexperiments,theresultofwhicharesummarizedinTable5.Fromthisweconcludethatintrinsicfactorisnotaccount.

10.Wedeletedtherelevantpassagesincetheyarenotessentialtothecontentsofthepaper.

11.Ifeelthatthereviewer’scommentsconcerningFigures1and2resultfromamisinterpretationofthedata.

44

12.Wewouldhaveincludeanon-proteininhibitorinoursystem,asacontrol,ifonehadbeenavailable.

13.WeprefertoretaintheuseofTable4forreasonsthatitshouldbeclearfromthenewparagraphinsertedattheendoftheResultssection.

14.Althoughreviewerdoesnotconsideritisimportanttomeasurethetemperatureofthecells,weconsideritessential.

15.Therunningtitlehasbeenchangedto“”.

16.TheMaterialsandMethodssectionnowincludesdetailsformeasuringuptakeofisotopeandassayinghexokinase.

17.TheconcentrationofHATmedia(page12paragraph2)wasincorrectlystatedintheoriginalmanuscript.Thishasbeenrectified.Theauthorsaregratefultotherefereesforpointingouttheirerror.

12.Wewouldhaveincludean45

18.Assuggestedbybothreferees,adiscussionofthepossibilityoflaseractiononchromosomehasbeenincluded(page16,paragraph2).

19.Weincludedanewsetofphotographswithbetterdefinitionthanthoseoriginallysubmittedandtowhichascalehasbeenadded.

20.Followingthesuggestionofthereferees,wehaveredrawFigure3and4.

21.Twofurtherpapers,publishedsinceouroriginalsubmission,havebeenaddedtothetextandReferencesection.Theseare:

18.Assuggestedbybothrefe4622.Weshouldliketothanktherefereesfortheirhelpfulcommentsandhopethatwehavenowproducedamorebalanceandbetteraccountofourwork.Wetrustthattherevisedmanuscriptisacceptableforpublication.

23.Igreatlyappreciatebothyourhelpandthatoftherefereesconcerningimprovementtothispaper.Ihopethattherevisedmanuscriptisnowsuitableforpublication.

24.Ishouldliketoexpressmyappreciationtoyouandtherefereesforsuggestinghowtoimproveourpaper.

25.Iapologizeforthedelayinrevisingthemanuscript.Thiswasduetoourdoinganadditionalexperiment,assuggestedbyreferees.22.Weshouldliketotha47沒有出席會議，索要論文集

背景：會議論文被錄用，但沒有出席會議，對方郵寄了光盤，詢問是否有紙質(zhì)論文集。沒有出席會議，索要論文集背景：會議論文被錄用，但沒有出48DearSeanThanksforsendingtheCD-ROMcopy,butIhavenotreceivedthebook(theprodeeding),Iwanttoknowwhetherabookshouldbeincluded.Asyouknow,theprintedcopywouldbemorebelievableandusefulasareference,IfIwantonehowmuchitcost?Thankyou.BestwishesJinkeDearSean49HelloDr.,Aprintedversionis125pluswhatevershippingandcurrencyconversioncosts.Theycanbeorderedandpaidforthroughthesamerouteadpreviously.CheersDr.SeanD.Dessureault2005APCOMChairmanHelloDr.,50

科技英語寫作語法錯誤舉例英語寫作表達的幾個問題

51科技英語寫作語法錯誤舉例1

Subject-VerbAgreementsRestrictiveandNonrestrictiveClausesDanglingModifiers（垂懸修飾語）4

AwkwardOmissionsofVerbsandAuxiliaryVerbs

科技英語寫作語法錯誤舉例521

Subject-VerbAgreements

例1Applicationofthistechniquetostudiesonphytoplanktonbiomassanditsenvironments

are

described.[說明]Thesubjectis“application”,whichissingular.

Applicationofthistechniqueto…is

described.1

Subject-VerbAgreement53Sometimes,twosingularsubjectsjoinedby“and”causethiserror.例2GrowthandisolationofM13viruswasdescribed→Growthand

isolationofM13virusweredescribed.Exception:Asubjectthatispluralinformbutsingularineffecttakesasingularverb.例3Thenameandaddressofeachcontributorisgivenonthetitlepage.例4Researchanddevelopment

isattractingagrowingnumberofyoungscientists.Sometimes,twosingularsubjec54However,whentwoormoresubjectsarejoinedby“or”,theverbtakesthenumberoftheclosestsubject.例5Applicationoruseswerenoted.Usesorapplicationwasnoted.例6Theappropriatemetalionconcentrationortherateconstantswereused.Therateconstantsorappropriatemetalionconcentrationwasused.However,whentwoormoresubj55

Collectivenouns(集合名詞)takeasingularverbwhenthegroupasawholeismeant;inthatcasetheyareoftenprecededbytheword“the”.Collectivenounstakeapluralverbwhenindividualsofthegrouparemeant;inthatcase,theyareoftenprecededbytheword“a”.contentsmajorityrangecouplenumberseriesdozenpairvarietygroupCollectivenouns(集合名詞)take56例7Theseries

isarrangedinorderofdecreasingsize.[說明]Referstotheseriesasaunit.例8Aseriesofcompoundsweretested.[說明]Referstoeachcompound.《研究生專業(yè)英語》課件57

例9Thenumberofmetalamidessynthesizedwasthelargesttodate.(Referstothenumberasaunit.)Anumberofmetalamidesweresynthesized.(Referstoeachamide.)例10Theseriesofcompoundswaspreparedtotestthehypothesis.(Referstotheseriesasaunit.)Aseriesofcompoundsweretested.(Referstoeachcompound.)例9Thenumberofmetalami58

“Data”canbeasingularorpluralnoun.

例11Experimentaldatathatweobtainedarecomparedwithpreviouslyreportedresults.[說明]Referstothedataasindividualresults.例12Afterthedataaredistributed,wecanmeettodiscussthem.→Afterthedataisdistributed,wecanmeettodiscussit.[說明]Referstothewholecollectionofdataasoneunit.

“Data”canbeasingularor59例13Noneofthesampleswassoluble.→Noneofthesamplesweresoluble.[說明]Referstoindividuals.例14Thisgroupofworkersarewellawareoftheirresponsibilities.→Thisgroupofworkersiswellawareofitsresponsibilities.[說明]Referstothegroupasaunit.例13Noneofthesampleswass60研究生專業(yè)英語研究生專業(yè)英語61英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題確立論點搜集材料擬定提綱寫作與修改初稿（反復多次進行）注明參考文獻撰寫摘要打印校對英文科技論文寫作程序選擇論題62論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title作者姓名及單位Authornameandaffiliation內(nèi)容提要 Abstract關(guān)鍵詞 Keywords正文 Textbody致謝 Acknowledgements(可?。﹨⒖嘉墨I References附錄 Appendix(根據(jù)需要）作者簡介 Resume(視刊物而定）論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)論文題目 Title63論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction背景分析 Background(視情況而定）材料和實驗 Materialsandexperiments實驗結(jié)果 Results討論 Discussion結(jié)論/總結(jié) Conclusions論文正文構(gòu)成引言/概述 Introduction64標題論文題目寫在第一行的正中。如果較長，可寫成兩、三行。一般居中排列。題尾不加句號。論文題目一般為名詞詞組或名詞短語，較少使用完整的句子。在必須使用動詞的情況下，一般用動名詞或具有動詞性質(zhì)的名詞。例如：Two-dimensionalpatternformationinsurfactant-mediatedepitaxial(取向附生的)

growthDopantdiffusioninSiGe：modelingstressandGechemicaleffects標題65作者名稱論文的作者姓名一般寫在論文題目的下面。按照英美國家的習慣，名（firstname)在前，姓（surname/familyname/lastname)在后。如果幾個人共同撰寫，應該逐一寫出各自的姓名，同時注明作者的工作單位。作者名稱66摘要摘要一般放在標題頁的正文之前，用不同于正文的字體排版，以突出其顯著位置。摘要是對一篇論文的主要內(nèi)容以精煉的文字進行高度的概括，使讀者不必閱讀論文全文即可迅速了解論文內(nèi)容，或者讓讀者對即將閱讀的論文有思想準備，或者讓讀者判斷是否有通讀全文的必要。摘要只對論文信息進行濃縮，而不架主觀評論或解釋。一般5000字數(shù)論文，摘要長度小于300字。注意abstract與summary的區(qū)別。摘要67關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞既可作為文獻檢索或分類的標識，它本身又是論文的主題濃縮。讀者可以從中判斷論文的主題、研究方向、所用方法等。關(guān)鍵詞以名詞或名詞短語居多?？s略語慎用。關(guān)鍵詞68致謝論文的作者可以在論文的末尾對他人對自己工作的指導、幫助和資助表示感謝，即為致謝。一般置于結(jié)論之后，參考文獻之前。致謝69參考文獻參考文獻的具體內(nèi)容和形式不統(tǒng)一，大家讀比較頭痛。一般包括一下三項內(nèi)容：作者、題目、出版事項出版事項指：書刊名稱，出版地點，出版單位，出版年份與卷、期、頁。T.P.L.Pedersen,A.N.Larsen,andA.Mesli,Appl.Phys.Lett.75,4085(1999).H.Weman,B.Monemar,G.S.Oehrlein,S.J.Jeng,Phys.Rev.B42(1990)3109.LeeSKandStebbinJ,Structureofsilicateglassesandmeltsathighpressure:quantumchemicalcalculationsandsolid-stateNMR,JournalofPhysicalChemistryB,2004,108:5889-5900.參考文獻70如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準確、簡潔，概述與細節(jié)之間應該平衡互補。內(nèi)容取舍的標準首先是對論文本身重點的內(nèi)容的理解，其次是應該考慮到讀者閱讀的方式。資料性摘要一般包括的內(nèi)容為：1、方法手段簡介(Methodology)2、主要結(jié)果(Results)3、結(jié)論和建議(ConclusionsandSuggestions)如何寫摘要摘要的內(nèi)容摘要的寫作必須準確、簡潔，概述與細節(jié)之間71摘要的語言摘要的時態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時，使用現(xiàn)在時。2、報道研究結(jié)果時，使用現(xiàn)在時。3、介紹研究過程時，可以用過去時。4、陳述結(jié)論或建議，用現(xiàn)在時。5、根據(jù)需要，也可以適當用完成時。摘要的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)為主，被動語態(tài)比其它寫作更常見。摘要的語言摘要的時態(tài)1、敘述研究方法和目的時，使用現(xiàn)在時。摘72常用句型和表達方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識AnPTCceramicispresentinthispaper.Thispaperreviewsthemethodfordealingwith…Thisarticlesummarizesthetheory…2、闡明論文寫作目的Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexploreanewmethod…Thepaperattemptstoanalyze…intermsof…Thestudyisaimedatfindingoutthesimilarities…Themainobjectiveofthisinvestigationis…Basedonourresearch,weintenttofindout…常用句型和表達方法1、回顧或介紹相關(guān)專業(yè)知識2、闡明論文寫作733、陳述論文的論點或作者的觀點Thecarbon-relateddefectsarediscussed…Thispaperreportsthepreparationandthequantumconfinementeffectsof…Thispaperdealswith(concerns)…4、介紹研究過程和研究范圍Thecharacteristicof…wasinvestigated.Westudythesynthesismethodof…inthispaper.Theprincipleofpreparing…isproposed.Thesamplesofpyroelectricceramicwerecollectedby…ThePTCeffectismeasuredby…3、陳述論文的論點或作者的觀點4、介紹研究過程和研究范圍746、闡述論證或結(jié)果Theresultsshowthat…ItisfoundthattheamorphousSishowatendencyin…Thestudyofthosepropertiesindicates…Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratethat…7、介紹結(jié)論Itisconcludedthattheabsorptionspectraof…Basedon…,thefollowingconclusioncanbedrawn…Inconclusion,theresultsshows…Theresearchhasledto…Insummary,…6、闡述論證或結(jié)果7、介紹結(jié)論758、突出論文的重點Thispaperfocuseson…Theprimaryconcernofthispaperis…Particularattentionisontherevolutionof…Thispaperconcentratesontheeffectsof…Theemphasisison……isthemaintopicofthispaper.8、突出論文的重點76

COVERLETTER(投稿信)實用指南COVERLETTER(投稿信)實用指南77什么是coverletter？coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？如何寫coverletter？常用模板例文什么是coverletter？78

1、什么是coverletter？

2、coverletter的內(nèi)容主要包括那些？

所投稿件的核心內(nèi)容、主要發(fā)現(xiàn)和意義，擬投期刊，對稿件處理有無特殊要求等。附上主要作者的中文姓名、通訊地址、電話、傳真和e-mail地址。有的雜志要求推薦幾位審稿人及其聯(lián)系方式。以及誰已經(jīng)閱讀過該文。

說明你論文研究的意義，以及與這個雜志的相關(guān)性；寫明沒有一搞多投等。臨床實驗要求寫明符合倫理學要求。

3、如何寫coverletter？

在雜志的guideforauthors一般會有要求。

1、什么是coverletter？794、常用模板：

（1）Coverletter

DearMr.**

Theworkdescribedhasnotbeensubmittedelsewhereforpublication,inwholeorinpart,andalltheauthorslistedhaveapprovedthemanuscriptthatisenclosed.

IhavereadandhaveabidedbythestatementofethicalstandardsformanuscriptssubmittedtoNeuroscience.

kindregards.

Yoursincerely,

通訊作者

4、常用模板：80（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmitourmanuscriptentitled"文章title"to雜志名forpublication.

接著簡單介紹你文章的主要創(chuàng)新點和意義，不易過多，但要突出新意和關(guān)鍵點。

Allauthorshaveseenthemanuscriptandapprovedtosubmittoyourjournal.

Thankyouverymuchforyourattentionandconsideration.

Sincerelyyours,

通訊作者

（2）

DearDr.主編name:

Wesubmit81（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,***

(addaddress)January22,2003

DearDr.**,

Enclosedherewithpleasefind3copiesofaMSby:‘***.***and***’entitled:“**********”,whichwewouldliketosubmitforpublicationinthe‘******'.

Lookingforwardtoyourdecision,

Withkindpersonalregards,

Sincerelyyours,

*****

Professorof***

（3）Dr.***

Editor-in-Chief,**82

（4）DearProf.Gil:

Thisisamanuscriptby**and**entitled“”.Itissubmittedtobeconsideredforpublicationasa“...”inyourjournal.Thispaperisnew.Neithertheentirepapernoranypartofitscontenthasbeenpublishedorhasbeenacceptedelsewhere.Itisnotbeingsubmittedtoanyotherjournal.

Webelievethepapermaybeofparticularinteresttothereadersofyourjournalasit

Correspondenceshouldbeaddressedto**atthefollowingaddress,phoneandfaxnumber,andemailaddress:

...

Thanksverymuchforyourattentiontoourpaper.

Sincerelyyours,

**

（4）83例文1例文2例文3例文4例文5例文184詢問有無收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年1月3日寄出，結(jié)果直到現(xiàn)在沒有受到編輯部的任何信息，詢問是否已經(jīng)收到稿件。詢問有無收到稿件背景介紹：稿件通過郵寄方式已經(jīng)于2009年185DearEditors,

Wedispatchedourmanuscripttoyourjournalon3January2009buthavenot,asyet,receiveacknowledgementoftheirsafearrival.Wefearthatmayhavebeenlostandshouldbegratefulifyouwouldletusknowwhetherornotyouhavereceivedthem.Ifnot,wewillsendourmanuscriptagain.Thankyouinadvanceforyourhelp.

DearEditors,

Wedispatchedo86詢問論文審查回音

背景介紹：編輯部收到您的論文時間已經(jīng)超過12周，詢問論文是否已經(jīng)被接受或者被拒。如果您是編輯部的編輯，收到此信后，要作何答復。詢問論文審查回音背景介紹：87DearEditors，

Itismorethan12weekssinceIsubmittedourmanuscript(No:)forpossiblepublicationinyourjournal.Ihavenotyetreceivedareplyandamwonderingwhetheryouhavereachedadecision.Ishouldappreciatedyourlettingmeknowwhatyouhavedecidedassoonaspossible.

DearEditors，

Itismorethan88Dear***,Thankyouforyoure-mail.Wewouldliketosincerelyapologizeforthelongdelayinreviewingyourarticle.Yourarticlewassenttomanydifferentreferees,mostofwhomfeltthattheywereeitherunqualifiedortheirtimewastoorestrictedtoreviewthepaper.Weunderstandthatyoumustfeelfrustrated,andwearesorryforthis.Pleaseunderstandthatwerelyentirelyonthereferee’storeturnarticlestousspeedily.Unfortunately,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Itwouldbemuchappreciatedifyoucouldsuggestanalternativerefereeforyourarticle,apersonwhomaybeabletoreviewthearticleinamor