機械制造技術課程設計-泵體加工工藝及鉆4-M6螺紋孔夾具設計

頁致謝課程設計剛開始有許多疑點，經(jīng)過老師的分析與指導，才能順利地完成這項任務。在此要感謝我們的指導老師對我悉心的指導，感謝老師給我們的幫助。在這次課程設計中也使我們的同學更進一步的交流與探討，同學之間互相幫助，有什么不懂的大家在一起商量，聽聽不同的看法對我們更好的理解知識、解決問題有很好的推動效果，所以在這里要感謝同學的幫助。當遇到棘手的問題時，通過查閱資料，瀏覽各種各樣的書籍，對順利地完成課程設計起到了很大的作用。在此感謝各資料、書籍的作者為我們創(chuàng)作出如此優(yōu)秀的刊物。無論是老師還是同學或者是書刊作者，不管是當面的還是間接的，對順利完成課程設計都有不可忽視的作用。真誠地感謝他們!最后，很感謝閱讀這篇課程設計的人們。感謝你們抽出寶貴的時間來閱讀這篇課程設計。參考文獻切削用量簡明手冊,艾興、肖詩綱主編,機械工業(yè)出版社出版，1994年機械制造工藝設計簡明手冊，李益民主編，機械工業(yè)出版社出版，1994年機床夾具設計，哈爾濱工業(yè)大學、上海工業(yè)大學主編，上海科學技術出版社出版，1983年機床夾具設計手冊，東北重型機械學院、洛陽工學院、一汽制造廠職工大學編，上?？茖W技術出版社出版，1990年金屬機械加工工藝人員手冊，上?？茖W技術出版社，1981年10月機械制造工藝學，郭宗連、秦寶榮主編，中國建材工業(yè)出版社出版，1997年李福生等.實用數(shù)控機床技術手冊[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2015.于華等，數(shù)控機床的編程與實例[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2013.曹永潔，王凌云.典型零件數(shù)控加工工藝—項目式教學法.北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2016.劉志偉，張偉文，李會玲,機床夾具設計案例教學的研究[J].現(xiàn)代制造技術與裝備，2013（6）.數(shù)字化手冊編委會，機床夾具設計手冊[M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2014.附錄INTEGRATIONOFMACHINERY（Fromelectricalandmachineryindustry）ABSTRACTMachinerywasthemodernscienceandtechnologydevelopmentinevitableresult,thisarticlehassummarizedtheintegrationofmachinerytechnologybasicoutlineandthedevelopmentbackground.Summarizedthedomesticandforeignintegrationofmachinerytechnologypresentsituation,hasanalyzedtheintegrationofmachinerytechnologytrendofdevelopment.Keyword：integrationofmachinery，technology，presentsituation，productt，echniqueofmanufacture，trendofdevelopment0.Introductionmodernscienceandtechnologyunceasingdevelopment,impelleddifferentdisciplineintersectingenormouslywiththeseepage,hascausedtheprojectdomaintechnologicalrevolutionandthetransformation.Inmechanicalengineeringdomain,becausethemicroelectronictechnologyandthecomputertechnologyrapiddevelopmentandformstothemechanicalindustryseepagetheintegrationofmachinery,causedthemechanicalindustrythetechnicalstructure,theproductorganization,thefunctionandtheconstitution,theproductionmethodandthemanagementsystemhashadthehugechange,causedtheindustrialproductiontoenterinto“theintegrationofmachinery”by“themachineryelectrification”forthecharacteristicdevelopmentphase.1.Integrationofmachineryoutlineintegrationofmachineryisrefersintheorganizationnewownerfunction,thepowerfunction,intheinformationprocessingfunctionandthecontrolfunctionintroducestheelectronictechnology,unifiesthesystemthemechanismandthecomputerizationdesignandthesoftwarewhichconstitutesalwaystocall.Theintegrationofmachinerydevelopmentalsohasbecomeonetohaveuntilnowownsystemnewdiscipline,notonlydevelopsalongwiththescienceandtechnology,butalsoentrustswiththenewcontent.Butitsbasiccharacteristicmaysummarizeis:Theintegrationofmachineryisembarksfromthesystemviewpoint,synthesiscommunitytechnologiesandsoonutilizationmechanicaltechnology,microelectronictechnology,automaticcontroltechnology,computertechnology,informationtechnology,sensingobservationandcontroltechnology,electricpowerelectronictechnology,connectiontechnology,informationconversiontechnologyaswellassoftwareprogrammingtechnology,accordingtothesystemfunctiongoalandtheoptimizedorganizationgoal,reasonabledispositionandthelayoutvariousfunctionsunit,inmulti-purpose,highgrade,redundantreliable,inthelowenergyconsumptionsignificancerealizethespecificfunctionvalue,andcausestheoverallsystemoptimizationthesystemsengineeringtechnology.Fromthisproducesfunctionalsystem,thenbecomesanintegrationofmachinerysystematicortheintegrationofmachineryproduct.Therefore,“integrationofmachinery”covering“technology”and“product”twoaspects.Onlyis,theintegrationofmachinerytechnologyisbasedontheabovecommunitytechnologyorganicfusiononekindofcomprehensivetechnology,butisnotmechanicaltechnical,themicroelectronictechnologyaswellasothernewtechnicalsimplecombination,piecestogether.Thisistheintegrationofmachineryandthemachineryaddsthemachineryelectrificationwhichtheelectricityformsintheconceptbasicdifference.Themechanicalengineeringtechnologyhasthemerelytechnicaltodevelopthemachineryelectrification,stillwasthetraditionalmachinery,itsmainfunctionstillwasreplaceswiththeenlargementphysicalstrength.Butafterdevelopstheintegrationofmachinery,microelectroninstallmentbesidesmaysubstituteforcertainmechanicalpartstheoriginalfunction,butalsocanentrustwithmanynewfunctions,liketheautomaticdetection,theautomaticreductioninformation,demonstratetherecord,theautomaticcontrolandthecontrolautomaticdiagnosisandtheprotectionautomaticallyandsoon.Notonlynamelytheintegrationofmachineryproductishuman'shandandbodyextending,human'ssenseorganandthebrainslook,hastheintellectualizedcharacteristicistheintegrationofmachineryandthemachineryelectrificationdistinguishesinthefunctionessence.2.Integrationofmachinerydevelopmentconditionintegrationofmachinerydevelopmentmaydivideinto3stagesroughly.20thcentury60'sbeforeforthefirststage,thisstageiscalledtheinitialstage.Inthistime,thepeopledeterminationnotonowninitiativeusestheelectronictechnologythepreliminaryachievementtoconsummatethemechanicalproducttheperformance.SpeciallyinSecondWorldWarperiod,thewarhasstimulatedthemechanicalproductandtheelectronictechnologyunion,thesemechanicalandelectricalunionmilitarytechnology,postwartransferscivilly,topostwareconomicalrestorationpositivefunction.Developedandthedevelopmentatthattimegenerallyspeakingalsoisatthespontaneouscondition.Becauseatthattimetheelectronictechnologydevelopmentnotyetachievedcertainlevel,mechanicaltechnicalandelectronictechnologyunionalsonotimpossiblewidespreadandthoroughdevelopment,alreadydevelopedtheproductwasalsounabletopromotemassively.The20thcentury70~80agesforthesecondstage,maybecalledthevigorousdevelopmentstage.Thistime,thecomputertechnology,thecontroltechnology,thecommunicationdevelopment,haslaidthetechnologybasefortheintegrationofmachinerydevelopment.Large-scale,ultralargescaleintegratedcircuitandmicrocomputerswiftandviolentdevelopment,hasprovidedthefullmaterialbasefortheintegrationofmachinerydevelopment.Thistimecharacteristicis:①AmechatronicswordfirstgenerallyisacceptedinJapan,probablyobtainsthequitewidespreadacknowledgmentto1980slaststagesintheworldwidescale;②Theintegrationofmachinerytechnologyandtheproductobtainedtheenormousdevelopment;③Thevariouscountriesstarttotheintegrationofmachinerytechnologyandtheproductgivetheverybigattentionandthesupport.1990slaterperiods,startedtheintegrationofmachinerytechnologythenewstagewhichmakesgreatstridesforwardtotheintellectualizeddirection,theintegrationofmachineryentersthethoroughdevelopmenttime.Atthesametime,optics,thecommunicationandsoonenteredtheintegrationofmachinery,processesthetechnologyalsozhantoappeartinyintheintegrationofmachinerythefoot,appearedthelightintegrationofmachineryandthemicrointegrationofmachineryandsoonthenewbranch;Ontheotherhandtotheintegrationofmachinerysystemmodelingdesign,theanalysisandtheintegratedmethod,theintegrationofmachinerydisciplinesystemandthetrendofdevelopmenthasallconductedthethoroughresearch.Atthesametime,becausethehugeprogresswhichdomainsandsoonartificialintelligencetechnology,neuralnetworktechnologyandopticalfibertechnologyobtain,openedthedevelopmentvastworldfortheintegrationofmachinerytechnology.Theseresearch,willurgetheintegrationofmachineryfurthertoestablishtheintegritythefoundationandformstheintegritygraduallythescientificsystem.Ourcountryisonlythenstartsfromthebeginningof1980sinthisaspecttostudywiththeapplication.TheStateCouncilhadbeenestablishedtheintegrationofmachineryleadinggroupandlistsas“863plans”thistechnology.Whenformulated“95”theplanandin2010developedthesummaryhadconsideredfullyoninternationaltheinfluencewhichandpossiblybroughtfromthisabouttheintegrationofmachinerytechnologydevelopmenttrend.Manyuniversities,collegesandinstitutes,thedevelopmentfacilityandsomelargeandmiddlescaleenterpriseshavedonethemassiveworktothistechnicaldevelopmentandtheapplication,doesnotyieldcertainresult,butandsoontheadvancedcountriescomparedwithJapanstillhasthesuitabledisparity.3.Integrationofmachinerytrendofdevelopmentintegrationsofmachineryarethecollectionmachinery,theelectron,optics,thecontrol,thecomputer,theinformationandsoonthemulti-disciplinaryoverlappingsyntheses,itsdevelopmentandtheprogressrelyonandpromotethecorrelationtechnologydevelopmentandtheprogress.Therefore,theintegrationofmachinerymaindevelopmentdirectionisasfollows:3.1Intellectualizedintellectualizationsare21stcenturyintegrationofmachinerytechnologicaldevelopmentimportantdevelopmentdirections.Theartificialintelligenceobtainsdaybydayintheintegrationofmachineryconstructor'sresearchtakes,therobotandthenumericalcontrolenginebedintellectualizationistheimportantapplication.Heresaid“theintellectualization”istothemachinebehaviordescription,isinthecontroltheoryfoundation,theabsorptionartificialintelligence,theoperationsresearch,thecomputerscience,thefuzzymathematics,thepsychology,thephysiologyandthechaosdynamicsandsoonthenewthought,thenewmethod,simulatethehumanintelligence,enableittohaveabilitiesandsoonjudgmentinference,logicalthinking,independentdecision-making,obtainsthehighercontrolgoalinorderto.Indeed,enabletheintegrationofmachineryproducttohavewiththehumanidenticalintelligence,isnotimpossible,alsoisnonessential.But,thehighperformance,thehighspeedmicroprocessorenabletheintegrationofmachineryproducttohavepreliminaryintelligentorhuman'spartialintelligences,theniscompletelypossibleandessential.Inthemodernmanufactureprocess,theinformationhasbecomethecontrolmanufactureindustrythedeterminingfactor,moreoveristhemostactiveactuationfactor.Enhancesthemanufacturesysteminformation-handlingcapacitytobecomethemodernmanufacturesciencedevelopmentakeypoint.Asaresultofthemanufacturesysteminformationorganizationandstructuremulti-level,makestheinformationthegain,theintegrationandthefusionpresentsdrawsupthecharacter,informationmeasuremulti-dimensional,aswellasinformationorganization'smulti-level.Inthemanufactureinformationstructuralmodel,manufactureinformationuniformrestraint,disseminationprocessingandmagnanimousdataaspectsandsoonmanufactureknowledgelibrarymanagement,allalsowaitforfurtherbreakthrough.Eachkindofartificialintelligencetoolandthecomputationintelligencemethodpromotedthemanufactureintelligencedevelopmentinthemanufacturewidespreadapplication.Akindbasedonthebiologicalevolutionalgorithmcomputationintelligentagent,inincludestheschedulingprobleminthecombinationoptimizationsolutionareaoftechnology,receivesthemoreandmoreuniversalattention,hopefullycompletesthecombinationoptimizationquestionwhenthemanufacturethesolutionspeedandthesolutionprecisionaspectbreaksthroughthequestionscaleinpairstherestriction.Themanufactureintelligencealsodisplaysin:Theintelligentdispatch,theintelligentdesign,theintelligentprocessing,therobotstudy,theintelligentcontrol,theintelligentcraftplan,theintelligentdiagnosisandsoonarevariousThesequestionkeybreakthrough,mayformtheproductinnovationthebasicresearchsystem.Between2modernmechanicalengineeringfrontsciencedifferentscienceoverlappingfusionwillhavethenewscienceaccumulation,theeconomicaldevelopmentandsociety'sprogresshashadthenewrequestandtheexpectationtothescienceandtechnology,thuswillformthefrontscience.Thefrontsciencealsohassolvedandbetweenthesolutionscientificquestionborderarea.Thefrontsciencehastheobvioustimedomain,thedomainandthedynamiccharacteristic.Theprojectfrontsciencedistinguishedinthegeneralbasicscienceimportantcharacteristicisithascoveredthekeyscienceandtechnologyquestionwhichtheprojectactualappeared.Manufacturesystemisacomplexlarge-scalesystem,forsatisfiesthemanufacturesystemagility,thefastresponseandfastreorganizationability,mustprofitfromtheinformationscience,thelifesciencesandthesocialsciencesandsoonthemulti-disciplinaryresearchresults,theexplorationmanufacturesystemnewarchitecture,themanufacturepatternandthemanufacturesystemeffectiveoperationalmechanism.Makesthesystemoptimizationtheorganizationalstructureandthegoodmovementconditionismakesthesystemmodeling,thesimulationandtheoptimizedessentialtarget.Notonlythemanufacturesystemnewarchitecturetomakestheenterprisetheagilityandmayreorganizeabilitytothedemandresponseabilitytohavethevitalsignificance,moreovertomadetheenterprisefirstfloorproductionequipmenttheflexibilityandmaydynamicreorganizationabilitysetahigherrequest.Thebiologicalmanufactureviewmoreandmoremanyisintroducedthemanufacturesystem,satisfiesthemanufacturesystemnewrequest.Thestudyorganizesandcirculatesmethodandtechniqueofcomplicatedsystemfromthebiologicalphenomenon,isavalidexitwhichwillsolvemanyhardnuttocracksthatmanufacturingindustryfacefromnowoncurrently.Imitatingtolivingwhatmanufacturingpointismimicrylivingcreatureorganoffromtheorganization,frommatchmore,fromgrowthwithfromevolutionetc.functionstructureandcirculatemodeofakindofmanufacturingsystemandmanufacturingprocess.Themanufacturingdrivesinthemechanismunder,continuouslybyone'sownperfectraiseonorganizingstructureandcirculatingmodeandthustoadapttheprocessof[with]abilityfortheenvironment.Forfromdescendbutthelastproductproceedtogetheradesignandmakeacraftrulestheautoofthedistanceborn,producesystemofdynamicstatereorganizationandproductandmanufacturingthesystemtendautomaticallyexcellentprovidedtheoriesfoundationandcarryoutacondition.Imitatetolivingamanufacturingtobelongtomanufacturingscienceandlifescienceof\"thefargoodluckismiscellaneoustohandover\",itwillproducetothemanufacturingindustryfor21centurieshugeofinfluence.Theresearchcontentswhichimitatestolivingamanufacturinghastwoaspectscurrently:1:FacingtotheimitatingoflifelivingsamanufacturingStudygeneralregulationandmodelofbiologicalphenomenon,forexampletheorganizationstructureoftheinformationprocessingtechnique,livingcreatureintelligence,livingcreaturetypeofartificiallife,cellautomachine,livingcreatureandcirculatetheevolutionofmodeandlivingcreatureandtendexcellentmechanismetc.2:FacetomakeofimitatingandlivingingmanufacturingTheresearchimitatestolivingmanufacturingsystemoffromorganizemechanismandmethod,suchas:Basedonfullinformationsharingbiologicalmodellingprincipleofdesign,basedonmulti-autonomyunitcoordinationdistributionalcontrolandbasedonevolutionmechanismoptimizationstrategy;Researchbiologicalmodellingmanufactureconceptsystemandfoundation,forexample:Biologicalmodellingspaceformaldescriptiontechniqueandinformationmappingrelations,biologicalmodellingsystemandevolutionaryprocessorderofcomplexitygaugingdevice.Themechanicalbiologicalmodellingandthebiologicalmodellingmanufactureismechanicaldisciplineandsoonscienceandlifesciences,informationscience,materialssciencehighfusions,itsresearchcontentincludinggrowthformingcraft,biologicalmodellingdesignandmanufacturesystem,intelligentbiologicalmodellingmachineryandbiologicalformingmanufactureandsoon.Atpresentdoestheresearchworkmostlywillbethefrontexploringwork,hasthebrightbasicresearchcharacteristic,ifholdstheopportunitytostudy,possiblywillhavetherevolutionarybreakthrough.Fromnowonwillbesupposedtopayattentiontheresearchareawillhavethebiologytoprocesstechnical,thebiologicalmodellingmanufacturesystem,basedonthefastprototypetechniqueofmanufactureorganizationengineering,aswellaswithbio-engineeringcorrelationkeytechnologiesfoundationandsoon.Since3moderntechniqueofmanufacturetrendofdevelopment1990s,thevariouscountriesallhascarriedonthetechniqueofmanufactureresearchandthedevelopmentasthenationalkeytechnologiesgivesprioritytodevelopment,likeUS'sadvancedtechniqueofmanufactureplansAMTP,Japan'sintelligencetechniqueofmanufacture(IMS)internationalcooperationplan,SouthKorea'shigh-levelmoderntechnologynationalplan(G--7),Germany'smanufacture2000planswithEuropeanEconomicCommunity'sESPRITandBRITE-EURAMplan.Alongwithhightechnologyandnewtechnologyandsoonelectron,informationunceasingdevelopment,themarketdemandpersonalizationandthediversification,futurethemoderntechniqueofmanufacturedevelopmentgeneraltrendwillbetotheprecision,theflexibility,thenetwork,thevirtualization,intellectualized,thegreenintegration,theglobalizationdirectiondevelops.Thecurrentmoderntechniqueofmanufacturetrendofdevelopmenthasfollowingnineaspectsapproximately:(1)Informationtechnology,themanagementtechnologyandtheprocessingtechnologycloseunion,themodernmanufactureproductionpatterncanobtaindevelopsunceasingly.(2)Designtechnologyandmethodmoremodernized.(3)Formationandthetechniqueofmanufactureprecision,themanufactureprocessrealizethelowenergyconsumption.(4)Newspecialprocessingmethodformation.(5)Developsnewonegenerationultraprecise,thesupervelocitymanufactureequipment.(6)Processingcraftdevelopsbythetechniquefortheengineeringscience.(7)Implementsthenon-pollutiongreenmanufacture.(8)Inmanufacturingindustrywidespreadapplicationvirtualrealitytechnology.(9)Makeshumanist.3.2Modularmodulationsareoneitemimportantandthearduousproject.Becausetheintegrationofmachineryproducttypeandthemanufactureraremany,butthedevelopmentandthedevelopmenthavestandardmechanicalconnection,electricalconnection,powerconnection,theenvironmentconnectionintegrationofmachineryproductunitareanitemextremelycomplexalsoaretheextremelyimportantmatters.Ifthedevelopmentcollectiondeceleration,theintelligentvelocitymodulation,theelectricalmachineryinabodypowerunit,havefunctionandsoonvision,imageryprocessing,recognitionandrangefindercontrolunits,aswellaseachkindcancompletethemodeloperationthemechanism.Thus,mayusethestandardunittodevelopthenewproductrapidly,simultaneouslyalsomayexpandthescaleofproduction.Thisneedformulateseachstandard,inordertovariousparts,unitmatchandconnection.Asaresultoftheconflictsofinterest,verywillbedifficulttoformulateinternationalorthedomesticthisaspectstandardinthenearfuture,butmightthroughsetupsomebigenterprisestoformgradually.Obviously,theadvantagewhichfromtheelectricalproductstandardization,theseriationbringsmayaffirm,regardlessofistoproducesthestandardintegrationofmachineryunittheenterprisetoproducetheintegrationofmachineryproducttheenterprise,theformalizationwillgivetheintegrationofmachineryenterprisetobringthehappyfuture.3.3Network1990s,thecomputertechnologyandsoontheprominentachievementisthenetworking.Networkingstartingwiththerapiddevelopmentforthescienceandtechnology,theindustrialproduction,political,themilitary,theeducationmagnanimousactpersondailylifehasallbroughtthehugetransformation.Eachkindofnetworktheglobaleconomy,theproductionlinksupintoasinglestretch,enterprise'scompetitionwillalsoglobalize.Oncetheintegrationofmachinerynewproductdevelops,solongasitsfunctionisoriginal,thequalityisreliable,veryquickcanthebest-sellingwholeworld.Asaresultofthenetworkpopularization,isontherisebasedonnetworkeachkindoflong-distancecontrolandthesurveillancetechnology,butlong-distancecontrolterminaldeviceitselfistheintegrationofmachineryproduct.Thefieldbusandthelocalareanetworktechnologywasthedomesticelectricappliancesnetworkhasbecomethesituation,(homenet)connectedusingthefamilynetworkeachkindofdomesticelectricappliancestakethecomputerasthecentralcomputerintegrationelectricalappliancessystem(computerintegratedappliancesystem,CIAS),causedthepeopleathometosharetheinconvenienceandthejoywhicheachkindofhigh-techbrought.Therefore,theintegrationofmachineryproductfacesthenetworkdirectiontodevelopwithoutdoubt.3.4Microminiaturizedmicrominiaturizationemergeintheendof1980s,refersistheintegrationofmachinerytotheminiaturemachineandthemicroscopicdomaindevelopmenttendency.Overseasnameitmicroelectronmechanicalsystem(MEMS),makesageneralreferencethegeometrysizenottosurpass1-3CMtheintegrationofmachineryproduct,andtomicron,nanometerleveldevelopment.Themicrointegrationofmachineryproductvolumesmall,consumesenergyfew,themovementisflexible,inaspectsandsoonbiologicalmedicalservice,military,informationhastheincomparablesuperiority.Themicrointegrationofmachinerydevelopmentbottleneckliesinthemicromechanicaltechnology,themicrointegrationofmachineryproductprocessingusesthefineprocessingtechnology,namelyultraprecisetechnology,itincludingphotoetchingtechnologyandetchingtechnologytwokinds.3.5greenindustriesliveddevelopedforthepeoplehavebroughtthehugechange.Thematerialisatthesametimerich,thelifeiscomfortable;Ontheotherhand,theresourcesreduce,theecologicalenvironmentreceivestheseriouspollution.Therefore,thepeopleappealtheprotectionenvironmentresources,thereturnnature.Thegreenproductconceptarisesatthehistoricmomentunderthiskindofcall,thegreenisthetimetendency.Thegreenproductinitsdesign,themanufacture,theuseandinthedestructionlifeprocess,conformstothespecificenvironmentalprotectionandthehumanhealthrequest,harmlessortheharmareextremelyfewtotheecologicalenvironment,theresourcesusefactorisextremelyhigh.Thedesigngreenintegrationofmachineryproduct,hasthebroaddevelopmentfuture.Theintegrationofmachineryproductgreenmainlyisrefers,whenusedoesnotpollutetheecologicalenvironment,aftertheabandonmentcanrecycletheuse.Oneof3.6Systematizedsystematizationperformancecharacteristicsisthesystemarchitecturefurtherusesopenstyleandthepatternizingmainlinestructure.Thesystemmaythenimbleconfiguration,carryontailorsandthecombinationwillfully,simultaneouslyseeksrealizesthemulti-subsystemcoordinationcontrolandthesynthesismanagement.Secondperformanceisthecorrespondencefunctionbigenhancement,generallybesidesRS232,butalsohasRS485,theDCSpersonification.Thefutureintegrationofmachinerywillevenmorepaygreatattentiontotheproductandhuman'srelations,theintegrationofmachinerypersonificationwillhavetwomeanings.Oneis,theintegrationofmachineryproductfinallyuserisahuman,howentrustswiththeintegrationofmachineryproductperson'sintelligence,theemotion,thehumannatureappearsmoreandmoreimportantly,speciallytheoppositepartyusestherobot,itshigh-levelboundaryistheman-machineintegration.Anotherimitatesthebiologicalmechanism,developseachkindofmechanicalandelectricalbodycoloredproduct.Infact,manyintegrationofmachineryproductsallaredevelopedanimal'sinspiration.4.Conclusionsinsummary,theintegrationofmachineryappearanceisnotisolated,itismanyscienceandtechnologydevelopmentcrystallization,isthesocialproductiveforcesdevelopsthecertainstageinevitablyrequest.Certainly,alsohaswiththeintegrationofmachineryrelatedtechnologyverymany,andalongwiththescienceandtechnologydevelopment,thetendencywhicheachkindoftechnologywillfusemutuallymoreandmoreisobvious,theintegrationofmachinerytechnologybroadprospectsfordevelopmentmoreandmorewillbealsobright.機電一體化摘要機電一體化是現(xiàn)代科學技術發(fā)展的必然結果,本文簡述了機電一體化技術的基本概要和發(fā)展背景。綜述了國內外機電一體化技術的現(xiàn)狀，分析了機電一體化技術的發(fā)展趨勢。關鍵詞機電一體化技術現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)品制造技術發(fā)展趨勢1．緒論現(xiàn)代科學技術的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動了不同學科的交叉與滲透，導致了工程領域的技術革命與改造。在機械工程領域，由于微電子技術和計算機技術的迅速發(fā)展及其向機械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機電一體化，使機械工業(yè)的技術結構、產(chǎn)品機構、功能與構成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化，使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機械電氣化”邁入了“機電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。2．機電一體化概要機電一體化是指在機構得主功能、動力功能、信息處理功能和控制功能上引進電子技術，將機械裝置與電子化設計及軟件結合起來所構成的系統(tǒng)的總稱。機電一體化發(fā)展至今也已成為一門有著自身體系的新型學科，隨著科學技術的不但發(fā)展，還將被賦予新的內容。但其基本特征可概括為：機電一體化是從系統(tǒng)的觀點出發(fā)，綜合運用機械技術、微電子技術、自動控制技術、計算機技術、信息技術、傳感測控技術、電力電子技術、接口技術、信息變換技術以及軟件編程技術等群體技術，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功能目標和優(yōu)化組織目標，合理配置與布局各功能單元，在多功能、高質量、高可靠性、低能耗的意義上實現(xiàn)特定功能價值，并使整個系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)工程技術。由此而產(chǎn)生的功能系統(tǒng)，則成為一個機電一體化系統(tǒng)或機電一體化產(chǎn)品。因此，“機電一體化”涵蓋“技術”和“產(chǎn)品”兩個方面。只是，機電一體化技術是基于上述群體技術有機融合的一種綜合技術，而不是機械技術、微電子技術以及其它新技術的簡單組合、拼湊。這是機電一體化與機械加電氣所形成的機械電氣化在概念上的根本區(qū)別。機械工程技術有純技術發(fā)展到機械電氣化，仍屬傳統(tǒng)機械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的體力。但是發(fā)展到機電一體化后，其中的微電子裝置除可取代某些機械部件的原有功能外，還能賦予許多新的功能，如自動檢測、自動處理信息、自動顯示記錄、自動調節(jié)與控制自動診斷與保護等。即機電一體化產(chǎn)品不僅是人的手與肢體的延伸，還是人的感官與頭腦的眼神，具有智能化的特征是機電一體化與機械電氣化在功能上的本質區(qū)別。3．機電一體化的發(fā)展狀況機電一體化的發(fā)展大體可以分為3個階段。20世紀60年代以前為第一階段，這一階段稱為初級階段。在這一時期，人們自覺不自覺地利用電子技術的初步成果來完善機械產(chǎn)品的性能。特別是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，戰(zhàn)爭刺激了機械產(chǎn)品與電子技術的結合，這些機電結合的軍用技術，戰(zhàn)后轉為民用，對戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟的恢復起了積極的作用。那時研制和開發(fā)從總體上看還處于自發(fā)狀態(tài)。由于當時電子技術的發(fā)展尚未達到一定水平，機械技術與電子技術的結合還不可能廣泛和深入發(fā)展，已經(jīng)開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品也無法大量推廣。20世紀70~80年代為第二階段，可稱為蓬勃發(fā)展階段。這一時期，計算機技術、控制技術、通信技術的發(fā)展，為機電一體化的發(fā)展奠定了技術基礎。大規(guī)模、超大規(guī)模集成電路和微型計算機的迅猛發(fā)展，為機電一體化的發(fā)展提供了充分的物質基礎。這個時期的特點是：①首先在日本被普遍接受，大約到20世紀80年代末期在世界范圍內得到比較廣泛的承認；②機電一體化技術和產(chǎn)品得到了極大發(fā)展；③各國均開始對機電一體化技術和產(chǎn)品給以很大的關注和支持?；M入深入發(fā)展時期。一方面，光學、通信技術等進入了20世紀90年代后期，開始了機電一體化技術向智能化方向邁進的新階段，機電一體機電一體化，微細加工技術也在機電一體化中嶄露頭腳，出現(xiàn)了光機電一體化和微機電一體化等新分支；另一方面對機電一體化系統(tǒng)的建模設計、分析和集成方法，機電一體化的學科體系和發(fā)展趨勢都進行了深入研究。同時，由于人工智能技術、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡技術及光纖技術等領域取得的巨大進步，為機電一體化技術開辟了發(fā)展的廣闊天地。這些研究，將促使機電一體化進一步建立完整的基礎和逐漸形成完整的科學體系。我國是從20世紀80年代初才開始在這方面研究和應用。國務院成立了機電一體化領導小組并將該技術列為“863計劃”中。在制定“九五”規(guī)劃和2010年發(fā)展綱要時充分考慮了國際上關于機電一體化技術的發(fā)展動向和由此可能帶來的影響。許多大專院校、研究機構及一些大中型企業(yè)對這一技術的發(fā)展及應用