專題03謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞-2022年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之語法貫通+題型突破（新高考專用）（含答案解析）

專題03謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞.時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)已成為語篇型填空的必考內(nèi)容。高考卷語篇型填空以對時(shí)態(tài)的考查為主,以對語態(tài)的考查為輔。對于時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要集中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等常見時(shí)態(tài)。此外，在考查時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí)還會考查主謂一致問題。主謂一致主要考查主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞應(yīng)加"-s'be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用is;一般過去時(shí)中,be動(dòng)詞用was或were。.短文改錯(cuò)主要考查:①時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的錯(cuò)用;②過去分詞與過去式的混用;③一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,主語為單數(shù)第三人稱時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞需加，力的用法。.對于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的考查主要體現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)中。主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞最基本的用法，如4青態(tài)動(dòng)詞后需加動(dòng)詞原形而非過去式;對于虛擬語氣的考查主要集中在表示“命令、建議、請求、要求”的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形"，且should可以省略。.未來高考卷仍然會以考查最基本的時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）為主、仍然會采用考查時(shí)態(tài)為主，語態(tài)為輔的原則。.語篇型填空對非謂語動(dòng)詞用法的考頻為:作賓語一作狀語一作定語一作主語、表語一作補(bǔ)語。而短文改錯(cuò)對非謂語動(dòng)詞用法的考頻為:作賓語一作狀語,且在考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語??????????????????????時(shí)主要考查介詞后需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。.以后的高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，而且非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、作狀語及作定語仍會是考查重點(diǎn)。.非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語可能會成為高考的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。（2021四川綿陽一診,67）BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystemadoptsauniquetwo-waycommunicationsystem,includingitsability（receive）messagessentbypeoplefromareaswithpoorsignals.【答案】toreceive【解析】此處考查固定用法abilitytodosth.”做某事的能力”。（2021天津八校聯(lián)考,28）（release）onSeptember25,2020,Leap,whichfocusesonthestoryofChineseWomenVolleyballTeam,soonbecameagreathit.【答案】Released【解析】此處表示“她沒有從她(從事了)36年的事業(yè)中退休的計(jì)劃”。名詞plan(s)后常跟不定式作定語,planstodosth.意為”做某事的計(jì)劃”。(2019全國11,68)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.【答案】saying【解析】句意:當(dāng)我們接到一個(gè)電話說她入圍時(shí)，我們以為這是個(gè)玩笑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,say與acall之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式saying,"saying…”作后置定語，說明acall的內(nèi)容。(2019全國111,62)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get)there.【答案】.toget【解析】句意:在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?雨下得非常大，我們不禁想知道還要多久才能到達(dá)那里。ittakessb.sometimetodosth,意為”做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間:其中it作形式主語,動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語。(2019天津』0)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.【答案】designed【解析】此處course與design之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作后置定語。(2019江蘇,32)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.【答案】recognizing【解析】句意:隨著更多的國家認(rèn)識到中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用，中國的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞recognize與其邏輯主語morecountries之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。(2018全國111,64&65)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel(challenge).［答案］looking;challenged【解析】句意:我趕緊彎腰低頭,避免與他直視，這樣他就不會感覺受到挑戰(zhàn)。第一空在avoid后作賓語,avoiddoingsth.表示”避免做某事”，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;第二空在系動(dòng)詞feel之后,作表語，且challenge和主語he為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。(2018全國n,70)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide/saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.【答案】feeding【解析】此處為狀語從句的省略，且feed與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。(2018浙江11月,62)Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem(call)caffeinism.【答案】called【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是cause,此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞;problem與call之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。(2018全國1,62)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.【答案】tosee【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。(2018W匕京,10)Ordinarysoap,(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.【答案】used【解析】句意:普通肥皂,如果使用得當(dāng)，能有效應(yīng)對細(xì)菌。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作條件狀語,use與句子的主語是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。(2018江蘇,26)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.【答案】exceeding【解析】句意:這段時(shí)間約13500個(gè)新的就業(yè)崗位被創(chuàng)造出來，超過了市場分析師預(yù)計(jì)的12000個(gè)。exceed與句子主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。60?(2018全國111,70)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.【解析】tostay【解析】此處考查allowsb.todosth.”允許某人做某事”，故填不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(2018天津,7)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take).【答案】taken【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，動(dòng)詞take與myphotograph之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。(20181匕京,3)(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.【答案】Traveling【解析】句意:沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣且有意義的經(jīng)歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,is前的部分為主語，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。(2018浙江,59)Istillremember(visit)afriendwhoMlivedhereforfiveyears...【答案】visiting【解析】結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示”記得做過某事”，因此用rememberdoingsth.,故填visiting。(2017乙卷(全國1),63)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat...【答案】toprocess【解析】句意:動(dòng)植物油和鹽是飲食中非常重要的部分。我們需要它們來加工吃的食物。此處考查"berequiredtodosth.(被需要來做某事)(2017丙卷(全國111),61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term(rest).【答案】.resting【解析】spendsometimedoingsth.是固定用法，故填restingo(20174匕京,27)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.【答案】tosave【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在很多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)卡，以節(jié)約他們的寶貴時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。(2017J匕京,30)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.【答案】ranging【解析】句意:國家公園有大量的野生動(dòng)物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞,且空處與其邏輯主語alargecollectionofwildlife為主謂關(guān)系，故填rangingo(2017天津，10)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch).【答案】tocatch【解析】句意:整個(gè)會議上我一直在看鐘表，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。本空所在部分用了havesth.todo結(jié)構(gòu)表示“有某事要做”，因此這里用不定式。(2017丙卷(全國III),65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.【答案】toprove【解析】wanttodo是固定搭配，故填toprove□(2016四川，64)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething(eat)!【答案】toeat【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式作定語修飾不定代詞somethingo71.(2016丙卷(全國111),64)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.【答案】using【解析】use與其邏輯主語People之間是主謂關(guān)系,故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。(2016丙卷(全國111),63)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.【答案】tocreate【解析】句意:熟練的工人為了創(chuàng)造獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)，還把各種硬木與金屬結(jié)合起來。本空在句中作目的狀語，因此用不定式。(2016天津,4)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,(make)airconditioningunnecessary.【答案】making【解析】句意:冷風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶襲來，使得開空調(diào)沒有必要?？仗幵诰渲凶鹘Y(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果，且與句子主語之間為主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。(2016乙卷(全國1),67)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.【答案】introducing【解析】動(dòng)詞include后要跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，所以此空填introducing。（2020全國II）Inordertorelease（由我們的學(xué)習(xí)造成的壓力）,IwenttoXingxingFarm（摘一些橘子）togetherwithmyclassmateslastweekend.（2020全國H）（沐浴在陽光下），wesangandlaughedwhilepickingoranges.（2020天津5月）1also（喜歡看一些有趣的）EnglishfilmsontheInternet,whichhelps（提高我的聽說技能）.（2020江蘇）AlltheseeffortsmadetheinaccessiblethingsaboutChina（很容易被外國觀眾理解）.（2019全國I）（了解到中國畫展覽將要舉辦）atthegallerynextmonth,Iamwritingtoapply（成為一名志愿者）.［答案］75.thepressureresultingfromourstudy;topicksomeoranges76.Bathedinsunshine.enjoywatchingsomeinteresting;（to）improvemylisteningandspeakingskills.easilyunderstoodbytheforeignaudience.KnowinganexhibitionofChinesepaintingswillbeheld;tobecomeavolunteer【提高訓(xùn)練】A專項(xiàng)語篇型填空（非謂語動(dòng)詞）Standingatthewindowofanexpensiveshopwasayoungwoman1（dress）inbluejeans.Shewentinandasked2（see）adressinthewindow.Theassistant3（serve）herdidnotlikethewayshedressedandtoldherthedresswassold.Thewomanwalkedoutoftheshopangrily.4（decide）topunishtheassistant,thewomanreturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorning.Findingtherudeassistant,sheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,hewaseager5（serve）herthistime.Withgreatdifficulty,heclimbedintotheshopwindow6（get）thedress.Seeingthis,thewomansaidthatshedidn'tlikeit.Shemadetheassistant7（bring）almosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinally8—（buy）thedressshehadaskedforatfirst.Shewasverypleasedwithwhatshehaddone.9（recognize）thewomanbynow,theassistantdidn'tfeelangry.Instead,hefeltsorryforwhathehaddonethedaybefore,10（apologize）toherforwhathehaddone.Thewomanforgavehimandlaterbecamearegularcustomeroftheshop.【解析】本文講述了顧客和售貨員之間發(fā)生的故事。.dressed動(dòng)詞dress表示“穿衣服”，這里用過去分詞作后置定語。.toseeask后接不定式作賓語，表示”要求做某事”。.servingserve與Theassistant為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。.Havingdecided這里用動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語，用其完成式表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。.toserve這里用beeagertodosth.表示“渴望做某事”。.toget此處用不定式作目的狀語。.bring動(dòng)詞make后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。.buying空處位于介詞before后，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。.Havingrecognized這里用動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語用其完成式表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。.apologizing空處所在句已有謂語動(dòng)詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語，且apologize與其邏輯主語he之間為主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。B語法填空(2021山東部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)綜合測試)KangYu,a24-year-oldvolunteerteacherinaremotetowninthemountainsofYunnanprovince,wasteachingcalligraphytotheeighthgraderswhenallof]sudden,thecloudsseemedtoburstandtheelectricitywentout.2(see)thatthestudentswerestaringattherain,Kang3(immediate)gotaburstofinspiration.Shetoldthemtogooutside,underashelter,toenjoytherainandcomebacktowritesomethinglikeapoem.Much4hersurprise,theworkswrittenbythestudentswerefarbeyondherexpectations!Inspiredbythatclass,Kangfoundedthenon-profitorganization,EnlightenOurFuture,tohelpChineseyoungstersimprovetheirmentalwell-beingandtheirexamgradesthroughpoetrycompositionand5(appreciate),Shemanagedtopersuade13schools6(adopt)the“Four-SeasonPoetryLessons11project,withateachingplan,contentandmethodssheprovided.Sofar,thepoetrylessons7(design)bytheorganizationhavehelped68,000studentsin823primaryandmiddleschools,mostlyinpoorareas.NowEnlightenOurFuture8(run)bythreefull-timeworkers,includingKang,60part-timeworkers,280backupsandmorethan1,000volunteers.What'sgreataboutpoetryisthatitcanhelponetofindan9(effect)waytocommunicatewithoneself,shesays.nWhattheyneedisnotsympathy,butrecognition,10Ithinkwillinfluencetheirwholelife.”【解析】24歲的志愿者教師康瑜在云南省山區(qū)一個(gè)偏僻的小鎮(zhèn)上教書法。一場大雨使教室斷電，她便讓學(xué)生去看雨并創(chuàng)作詩歌。學(xué)生們的作品遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了她的預(yù)期，這件事啟發(fā)她創(chuàng)立了非營利組織“是光“，通過詩歌創(chuàng)作和欣賞幫助中國青少年改善心理健康和考試成績。l.a考查固定搭配。allofasudden”突然”為固定搭配。2.Seeing考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗帪榉侵^語動(dòng)詞，與主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。mmediately考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，此處修飾動(dòng)詞got,故用副詞形式。.to考查固定搭配。Muchtohersurprise意為”令她十分驚訝的是”，符合語境。.appreciation考查名詞。此處表示"通過詩歌創(chuàng)作和欣賞”,and連接并列成分,composition為名詞，故此處應(yīng)填appreciate的名詞形式。.toadopt考查固定用法。persuadesb.todosth.”說服某人做某事”為固定用法。.designed考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞lessons,空處與lessons構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞形式。.isrun考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。Now提示時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又此處表述客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語EnlightenOurFuture為單數(shù)，應(yīng)是被運(yùn)營，與run是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填isrun?！局R儲備】用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，需要先判斷該動(dòng)詞是作謂語還是為非謂語動(dòng)詞,如果是作謂語，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)問題。.effective考查形容詞。修飾名詞需要用形容詞,空處修飾名詞way,應(yīng)用形容詞effective”有效的”。.which考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句冼行詞為recognition,指物，空處在該定語從句中作主語，故用whicho【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主干為"soonbecameagreathit”,空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，且release與主語Leap之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填過去分詞形式。（2021安徽江淮十校二測,42）Thoughhestudiedforthecivilserviceexamtobecomeacivilservantlikehisfather,DuFufailed（pass）andspentmanyyearstraveling.【答案】topass【解析】句意:盡管杜甫為了像父親一樣成為一名官員而參加了科舉考試,但他沒有通過考試，接著開始了多年的游歷生活。failtodo…意為”失敗，未做成”，為固定搭配，故填topasso（2021山西太原質(zhì)量監(jiān)測,63）Thepeopleborninthe1980sor1990sbelievethat（save）foodisavirtue.【答案】saving【答案】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處與food為賓語從句的主語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填savingo5.（2021黑龍江哈爾濱部分學(xué)校第一次考試,64）Plumrains,often（occur）duringJuneandJuly,refertothelongperiodofcontinuousrainyorcloudyweather.【答案】occurring【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句謂語為referto,故空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，與其邏輯主語是主謂關(guān)系,所以填occurringo（2021j折江1月,62）In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries（study）hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.【答案】studied【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句謂語動(dòng)詞為had,故該空填非謂語動(dòng)詞，且作后置定語修飾countries;又study（研究）與countries之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作已完成，故填studiedo（2020全國1,66）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4（find）andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【答案】tofind【解析】usesth.todosth.”使用來做某事”。故填不定式tofind。（2020全國H,63）Theyrepresenttheearth（come）backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.【答案】coming【解析】句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞represent,空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。theearth和come之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且不表將來，所以填coming。(2020全國H,68)Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.【答案】tocare【解析】此處考查"Sth.+be+c@.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)。注意此處用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。(2020浙江,60)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.【答案】tochange【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，”農(nóng)業(yè)使人們首次體驗(yàn)到科技改變生活的力量"，此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。(2020天津，14)Thedancer'sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeet(clap)for10minutesattheendoftheshow.【答案】clapping【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)句意可知,此處是havesb.doingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)，故填clapping。(20204匕京,8)Apieceofstone(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.【答案】found【解析】此處表示在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句謂語為suggests,主句主語為"Apieceof…beach”,設(shè)空處需用非謂語,find和stone之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故填foundo(2020浙江1月,60)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomesolderthanbefore.【答案】compared【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，且compare與邏輯主語oldgenerations是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填comparedocomparedto也可看作固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“與相比”，作狀語。(2019全國111,70)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【答案】listening【解析】listen與其邏輯主語we之間是主謂關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing作伴隨狀語。(2019天津,4)(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.【答案】Learning【解析】句意:學(xué)會批判性地思考是當(dāng)今兒童未來所需的一項(xiàng)重要技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是is,is之前的內(nèi)容是主語，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing短語作主語，表示一般性的陳述概念，故用動(dòng)詞-ing。(2018全國1,63)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.【答案】dying【解析】reduceone'sriskof…意為"降低某人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,介詞of后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語。(2018全國II,64)Anotherreasonforcom'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.【答案】toimprove【解析】句意:玉米(產(chǎn)量)增加的另一個(gè)原因:為了改善水質(zhì)，政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米代替水稻。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。Wearingthecorrectclothesfordifferentoccasionswasveryimportant,despiteitmeant(change)clothesfiveorsixtimesaday.【答案】changing【解析】句意:在不同的場合穿著恰當(dāng)?shù)囊路欠浅Ｖ匾?，盡管這意味著一天要換五六次衣服。meandoingsth.”意味著做某事”，符合句意。Asmorepeoplearedecidingnot(eat)meatandanimalproducts,vegetarianism(素食主義)isbecomingonerisingtrendintheUK.【答案】toeat【解析】句意:隨著越來越多的人決定不吃肉和動(dòng)物制品，素食主義在英國正成為一種上升趨勢。decide(not)todosth.”決定(不)做某事”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。Wecanalsoremindteenagersthatweshouldwashourhandsandfollowotherheathadvicenotonly(protect)ourselves,butalsotohelptoeasethestress.【答案】toprotect【解析】句意:我們還可以提醒青少年，我們應(yīng)該洗手并且遵從其他健康建議，不僅為了保護(hù)自己，也為了幫助緩解壓力?？崭袼诰湟延兄^語，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，此處表示目的。notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。Accordingtoresearch(publish)intheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition.peoplewhoatemoreredmeatorprocessedmeatintheirdiethadahigherchanceofdyingfromalong-lastingdisease.【答案】published【解析】句意:根據(jù)發(fā)表在《美國臨床營養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究，飲食中食用較多紅肉或加工肉類的人死于長期疾病的概率更高。空處作后置定語修飾research,publish與其邏輯主語research之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用過去分詞，表示“被發(fā)表“。Sadly,histeamarrivedatQomolangmaBaseCamp,only(inform)thatalljourneyshadbeenstoppedbecauseofanavalanche(雪崩)thathadkilled16people.［答案】tobeinformed【解析】逗號前的句子中已有謂語動(dòng)詞arrived,逗號后無連詞，故空格處用非謂語動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)語境以及空前的only可知，空處用不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示一種意料之外的結(jié)果。inform與句子主語histeam為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。Aninternationalteam(lead)byscientistsoftheuniversityhasdevelopedtheworld'sfirst3Dartificialeyewithbettercapabilitiesthananyotherexistingbionic(能力超人的)eyes,(bring)newhopetopatientswithvisualimpairment(視力受損).【答案】led;bringing【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,Aninternationalteam為主語,hasdeveloped為謂語，句中已有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，所以設(shè)空處均應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。因team與lead為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作后置定語，表示"被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)"。bring與前面整個(gè)句子所表述的事情為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞-ing作伴隨狀語。Forme,Icouldnotresistthisopportunity(experience)thelifeofaChineseemployeeandlearnsomuchaboutChineseculture.【答案】toexperience【解析】句中已有謂語couldnotresist,故空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞;由語境可知，此處用來修飾名詞opportunity,故用不定式作后置定語。(Consider)thatvocabularyerrorsoftenleadtocommunicatingobstacles,teachersshouldpayspecialattentiontostudents9vocabularyerrors.【答案】Considering【解析】句意:考慮到詞匯錯(cuò)誤往往會導(dǎo)致交際障礙，教師應(yīng)該格外關(guān)注學(xué)生的詞匯錯(cuò)誤。consideringthat為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"考慮到，就而論TeresaAmabileofHarvardBusinessSchoolhasspentmorethanadecade(study)theworkhabitsof238people,collectingatotalof12,000diaryentriesamongthem.【答案】studying【解析】spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定句型，意為”花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。此處省略了介詞in,更要注意要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。Heencouragedthestudents(study)scienceandcontributetothedevelopmentofChina.【答案】tostudy【解析】句意：他鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，為中國的發(fā)展作貢獻(xiàn)。此處考查encouragesb.todosth.”鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”，因此空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)(2021河南名校聯(lián)考,61&62)AntForest(found)byAntFinancialServicesGrouphasreceiveda2019ChampionsoftheEarthaward,theUN'shighestenvironmentalhonor.AntForestimprovesgreenerlifestylesbyinspiringusers(reduce)carbonemissionsintheirdailylivesandbetterprotecttheenvironment.【答案】founded;toreduce【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一句的謂語為hasreceived,第一空應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，且found與其邏輯主語AntForest為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以第一空填founded;第二空考查固定表達(dá)inspiresb.todosth.”激勵(lì)某人做某事”，故第二空填toreduceo(2021江蘇百校聯(lián)考,67&68)Youmayhavenoticedhowbusytreesquirrelsareinfall,(search)foreverylastseedandnutthatcanbefoundandstockingtheirtreehomeswithenoughfood(get)themthroughwinter.【答案】searching;toget【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,search和其邏輯主語treesquirrels構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故第一空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式searching;第二空為不定式短語作目的狀語，所以填toget。（2021貴州貴陽摸底考試,70）Ialsolookforwardto（open）chancestoexposethepeopleofmycountrytoChineseculture.【答案】opening【解析】此處lookforwardtodoingsth為固定表達(dá)，意為"盼望做某事"，所以填openingo（2021山西太原質(zhì)量監(jiān)測,64）Youngpeoplealsogivetheiropinionsonhow（help）reducefoodwaste.［答案】tohelp【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為“特殊疑問詞+不定式短語”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作介詞。n的賓語,故填tohelpo（2021陜西百校聯(lián)盟第一次模擬,61）A56-year-oldenthusiasticbackyardbirdwatchernamedStuartDahlquistspentyears（leave）outfoodforafamilyofcrows.【答案】leaving【解析】此處考查固定表達(dá)spendsometimedoingsth.,意為“花時(shí)間做某事”，所以填leaving033.（2021河北衡水中學(xué)期中,80）Busily（employ）incleaninghisshoes,hedidn'tnoticemycoming.【答案】employed【解析1根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作原因狀語，且employ與其邏輯主語he為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，再結(jié)合固定搭配beemployedindoingsth.可知，空處應(yīng)填employedo（2021廣東四市名校聯(lián)考,36）Amassivewildfireforcesthousandsofpeople（flee）theirhomes.【答案】toflee【解析】句意:一場大規(guī)模的野火迫使成千上萬的人逃離家園。forcesb.todosth.意為"迫使某人做某事”，故填t。fleeo（2021遼寧六校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考,60）Theplantsareirrigatedby（use）asimpledripsystem（滴灌系統(tǒng)）.【答案】using【解析】介詞后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，根據(jù)介詞by可知，空處用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填using。（2020廣東六校聯(lián)考,62）TheteafromChinaisingreatabundance.（tell）ifapotofteaisniceyoucanmainlyrelyonthecolor,smell,tasteandform.【答案】Totell【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語，故用動(dòng)詞不定式Totello（2020山東臨沂期中,64）Peoplewithahealthylifestyleandgoodgeneticinheritance（遺傳特征)tend(score)nyoungerHontheseassessments.【答案】toscore【解析】句意:擁有健康生活方式和好的遺傳基因的人往往在這些評價(jià)中獲得高分。此處考查固定用法,tendtodosth.”往往做某事，(2020四川綿陽一診,61)LiNabecamethefirstAsian-bornplayer(head)totheInternationalTennisHallofFamein2019.【答案】tohead【解析】被theonly,thefirst,thesecond,