仁愛版2020年秋九年級英語上學(xué)期期中備考-知識點歸納

仁愛英語九年級上學(xué)期期中備考--知識點歸納Unit1Topic1Greatchangeshavetakenplacethereandmyhometownhasbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.takeplace發(fā)生 (必然性地、有計劃地、有安排)happento……身上)拓展：happen是不及物動詞，不能接賓語，因此表示某人發(fā)生某事的正確表達是：sth.happentosb.“某人發(fā)生某事”而sb.happentodo表示某人碰巧做了某” taketheplaceof代替ButthereweresomanypeoplethatIcouldn’tfindagoodplacetotakephotos.so...that...句型中的so是副詞，常常用來修飾形容詞或副詞，意思是“如此/這么……以致于……”常用句型為：主語+謂語+so+adj./adv.+that從句。so+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。so+many/much/few/little（少）+名詞+that從句。拓展：在such...句型中，such……。+that從句。such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句。Theregoesthebell.觀察主語和謂語主語是名詞：Herecomesthebus.主語是代詞：Hereyouare.【注意】通常情況下，在以here,now,there,then,in,out等副詞開頭的句子里，當(dāng)謂語動詞是be,come,go等詞，①主語是名詞時，構(gòu)成完全倒裝，需要把謂語動詞置于主語之前。②若主語是代詞時，用部分倒裝句，即把主語放在謂語動詞之前。Whatawonderfulexperience!experience 經(jīng)驗不可數(shù)經(jīng)歷可數(shù)感嘆句What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)+!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+(主語+謂語)+!What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)+!Whataclevergirlsheis! Whatgoodchildrentheyare! Whatbadweatheritis!How+形容詞/副詞+(主語+謂語)+!How+主語+謂語+!How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+(主語+謂語)+!Howcleversheis! Howtimeflies! Howniceaboyheis!Ithinkitmakesmehappytohelpothers.makesb.do使某人做某事makesb./sth.+adj使 怎么樣makesb./sth.+(頭銜，職位名稱不加冠詞)讓某人當(dāng)......ThoughIhadnotimetotravel,Istillfeltveryhappy.though/although conj. 雖然，盡管，即使【注意】不能與but連用；但though/although可以跟still連用，以加強轉(zhuǎn)折語氣。havenotimetodosth. 沒有時間做某事Don’thaveanytimetodosth.ShehasseenthechangesinBeijingherself.see...oneself=see...withone’sowneyes親眼看見拓展：seedo看見、聽見、注意某人做了（常做）某事Hearnoticesbdoingsth看見、聽見、注意某人正在做某事Fewchildrenhadthechancetoreceiveagoodeducation.Peoplehavelittlemoneytoseeadoctor.a就有沒afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，幾乎沒a就有沒alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，“幾乎沒” alittle 一點點 Peoplekeptintouchwiththeirfriendsandrelativesfarawaymainlybyletterortelegram.keepintouchwithsb.與……保持聯(lián)系getintouchwithsb.與……取得聯(lián)系losetouchwithsb.……失去聯(lián)系faraway拓展：farawayfrom＋某地，離某地遙遠。awayfrom前面有具體數(shù)字時使用Helivestwomiles(away)fromhere. Helivestwomilesaway.Chinahasdevelopedrapidlysincethereformanddevelop v.（使）（使）發(fā)達；開發(fā)n.development 【常見詞組】withthedevelopmentof...隨著 發(fā)展adj. developed發(fā)達的developing發(fā)展中的Therearemorekindsoffoodandclothestosatisfypeople’sneeds.satisfyv.使（某人）滿意或滿足besatisfiedwith…=bepleasedwith…意為“對……感到滿足”拓展：bepleasedtodosth. 高興做某事ChildrencanstudynotonlyinmodernschoolsbutalsoontheInternet.notonly…butalso不……而…… 并列主語時，就近原)拓展：neither...nor 既……也…… either...or 或……或…… therebe 句型Beijinghasmaderapidprogressandithasalreadysucceededinhostingthe2008OlympicGames.makeprogress取得進步(progress為不可數(shù)名) makeprogressin/withsth.在某方面取得進步succeedindoing 成功做某事 besuccessfulindoing成功地做成某事Manypeoplestayathomehavingarest,readingbooksandwatchingHavingarest,readingbooksandwatchingTV是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。所表達的動作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作（stayathome）而發(fā)生的。Unit1Topic2Idon’twanttogothereanynot……anymore=nomore“不再nomore一般位于句尾或句首;與瞬時動詞連用，表程度不再增加，次數(shù)不再重復(fù)拓展：not……anylonger意為“不再”，相當(dāng)于nolonger,nolonger用于實意動詞之前、助動詞或be動詞之后，或位于句尾或句首。與延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞連用，表示時間上的“不再”持續(xù)。eg.Hedidn’tliveinBeijinganylonger.他不再住在北京了。Becausethereweretoomanypeople.toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞，表“太多……”toomany+可數(shù)名詞，表“太多……”muchtoo+形容詞，表“太……”Ireallyhategoingtoaplacelikethat. likethat/this像那樣這樣like有兩種用法：(1)用作動詞(v.),“愛好，喜歡”,后面可接名詞、代詞、動名詞或不定式喜歡做某事liketodosth. 表示一次性具體的行為 likedoingsth. 表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)的動作Howdoyou感……怎么” Wouldliketodo想要做某”(2)用作介(prep.),像”,like前邊一般要有belooklike=lookthesame“看起來像”feellikedoingsth.“想要做某事”What’s……like“……怎么樣”SodoI.So/Neither/Nor+be/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+另一個主語 （某某也一樣/也不這樣此為倒裝句，表示前面提到的肯否定情況也同樣適合另外一個主體?！咀⒁狻看司渌玫臅r態(tài)要與前句的時態(tài)相同，“be/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞”的形式要與后面的主語一致。武林秘籍：也是或確是so情主也是so主情確實eg.(1).---Ireallyhatetogotosuchaplace. So武林秘籍：也是或確是so情主也是so主情確實(2).---Tinaisn’talazygirl. Neither/NoramI.我也不是)拓展：So+主語+be/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞 的確如此此句表贊同，主語與上文指同一人或物。eg.---Itwascoldyesterday. Soitwas)Whatalargepopulation!population人口；居民。常用形容詞large和small來表示人口的多少。做主語時位于動詞用單數(shù)。What’sthepopulationof…… 詢問人口是多少強調(diào)人口中一部分人時用復(fù)數(shù)……h(huán)as/haveapopulationof…… 有……人口強調(diào)人口中一部分人時用復(fù)數(shù)拓展：Threequartersofthepopulationofthecountryarefarmers.Anditisincreasingby80millioneveryyear.increase 使增加，增大，增多increaseby+倍數(shù)百分/數(shù)+頻:“增加……倍或百分……”或每年/月/分/...增加 ”increaseto+具體增加后的數(shù)字:增加到了……Ithasalreadyreached1.3billion,andIndiaissecondwith1.1billion.reach,arriveat\in,getto達到(2)second位居第二拓展：second 表秒”Itshowsthatthepopulationindevelopingcountriesislargerthanthatindevelopedcountries.句中的that指代thepopulation.that指上文中表示物體的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞those指上文中表示物體的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Luckily,Chinahascarriedouttheone-childpolicytocontrolthepopulation.luck運氣 luckily幸運地 lucky幸運的(2)carryout實行，進行，執(zhí)行Whatmeasuresdoyouthinkshouldbetakentocontrolthepopulation?takemeasurestodosth. 采取措施做某事Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld,andaboutonefifthofthepeopleintheworldliveinChina.英語中分數(shù)的表達法口訣：子基母序，子＞1，母加s.例如：三分之一onethird; 五分之一onefifth; 三分之三threethirds; 五分之四fourfifths名代單，謂單名代復(fù)，謂復(fù)注意:四分之一也可說成aquarter;ahalf名代單，謂單名代復(fù)，謂復(fù)拓展： 分數(shù)+of+名詞+ 謂語動詞Ithasbecomeoneofthebiggestsocialproblemstoday.oneof+the++名詞復(fù)數(shù)Thereareabout1.3billionpeopleinChina. 13billion 13億 billionsof 數(shù)以億計的拓展：基數(shù)詞hundred，thousand，million，billion前有數(shù)字不加s，undredsof成百上千thousandsof成千上萬Peopleliveclosetonatureandtrytoprotectit.①close v.關(guān)上 adj.closed關(guān)閉的adj.親密的，很近的 becloseto離……很近，……很親密②nature意作自時，前不加the naturaladj.自然的③ trytodosth. 盡力去做某事trydoingsth. 嘗試去做某事Theyarecarefulwithgarbageanddiscouragecuttingtrees.①care careful仔細的，認真的adj. carefully careless粗心的adj. carelesslyadv.②courage n.勇氣encourage鼓勵v. encouragesb.todosth.discourage使氣餒，使沮喪v. discouragedoingsth.Ourpublictransportationisexcellenttoo. 四個”的區(qū)別too放于肯定句句末，單詞前有逗號eitheralso放于句中aswell放于句末，單詞前無逗號Howdoyoulikelivingthere?

Unit1Topic3Howdoyoulike(doing)sth?=Whatdoyouthinkof(doing)sth? ……怎么樣？Youwillgetusedtoitverysoonifyoucome.get/beusedto(doing)sth.意為“習(xí)慣于（做）某事”。Eg. Hecan’tgetusedtotheweatherhere.他不習(xí)慣這兒的天氣。鞏固：usedtodosth 過去常常做某現(xiàn)在不做了，只用于一般過去beusedtodo被用來做某事Andyoucangotoplays,concertsandoperaseverydayifyoulike.gotoplays,concertsandoperas去看戲劇、欣賞音樂會和歌劇everyday 做定語。everyday“”，做狀語。Martinshowedmeaninterestingarticle.showsb.sth=showsth.tosb.把某物展示給某人看showsb.around 帶某人四處參觀show(great/no)interestinsth. /對某物沒有興趣show n.Oncetheyfindpeopleinneed,theydecideonsuitablewaystoofferthemhelp.once:連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意思為：一……就……。 once:adv.一次 once:adv.曾經(jīng)，一度inneed:在困難中，在貧困中 need:n.食物，錢或生活來源短缺，缺乏decide(not)todosth. 決定不)做某事makeadecisiontodosth.決定做某事decideon(doing)sth. 選定拓展：Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情。Ithinkitisimportantforthosepeopletofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth=Itis+adj.+that……(2)feelgoodaboutoneself自我感覺良好，有信心Somevolunteersdrovetopickupthepeopleinneed.pick v. 采摘pickupsth 撿起；接收某物picksb.up (開)接某人Oneofabasichumanneedsisahome.basicadj.基本的，根本的 base n.基礎(chǔ)，基地 vt.基于，……建立在baseon以……為基礎(chǔ)Whateverthecauseofhomelessnessis,theeffectsarethesame.effect名詞”effective形容詞”affect動詞“”Thegovernmentineverycountryhasworkedformanyyearstosupportthehomelessbutmoreneedtobedone.supportvt.supportsbinsth支持某人某事n.支撐，支持者givesupporttosb給某人提供支持Wemustthinkofthehomelessaspeople,notjustasproblems.thinkof……as......=regard……as……把……認為……，把……看成……By2012,ProjectHopehadraised8.73billionyuan.raise 籌raisemoney raise指借助外力將物體抬升至某一高度 raiseyourhand抬升，舉起 和rise的區(qū)別飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng) rise不及物動詞，多用于自然界現(xiàn)象或人從躺、坐等姿起立thesun/sealevel/temperaturerisesProjectHopehasmadeimportantcontributionstoboththeeducationandthehealthofchildren.contribution貢獻n.（可數(shù)） contribute做貢獻v.to“doing” be/getusedtodoingsth.payattentiontodoing注意做某事lookforwardtodoing期盼做某事preferdoingtodoing寧可做某事sticktodoing堅持做某事makecontributionstodoing為某事做貢獻、Unit2Topic1…andyoucouldseebeesandbutterfliesdancing.seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事（經(jīng)常性或完整過程）seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事（正在進行）Itsmellsterrible.系動詞的分類表示狀態(tài)的系動詞 be;feel;smell;sound;taste;seem;appear;look;keep;remain;stay;stand表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞 become;turn;grow;fall;get;go;comeLook,thereareseveralchemicalfactoriespouringwastewaterintothestream.Therebe+sth./sb.doingsth.”o…倒入(3)waste adj.廢棄的，無用的 n.浪費，廢棄物 v.浪費It’sdifficultformetobreathe.breathev.呼吸 breatheout呼出；breathein吸入注意：breath n. takeadeepbreath 深深地吸一口氣；holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸beoutofbreath停止呼吸What’sthefactorymakestoomuchnoiseandIcan’tsleepwellatnight.What’sworse更糟糕得是，用于描述形勢得惡化。What’smore而且，并且，更為重要得是Ican’tbeartheenvironmenthere.bear v.容忍 can’tbearsb./sth. beardoing/todosth.拓展：stand也有容忍，忍受的意思。Ihopethegovernmentwillsolvethisproblemsoon.anywayadv.“無論如何”通常用于轉(zhuǎn)換話題，結(jié)束談話回到原話題。hopetodosth. hopethat+從句wishtodosth. wish從句wishsb.todosth wishsb.sth.注意: hopen.希望；wishn.祝愿，祝福Lightpollutionisharmfultobirds.harmfuladj.對......有害的beharmfulto對......有害harmn.損害；傷害，危害doharmto對 造成傷害Itwasreportedthat......據(jù)報……ItItwasreportedthat......據(jù)報……Itissaidthat......據(jù)說……，Itisbelievedthat 人們相……Itiswellknownthat......眾所周知……nobetterthan=almostasbad/badlyas不比……好，和……一樣糟例如：HisEnglishspeakingisnobetterthanmysister’s. Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus,includingairpollution,soilpollution,noisepollutionandlightpollution.①include.包括,including是介詞，后一般接名詞。②各種各樣的污染：airpollution,soilpollution,noisepollution,waterpollution,lightpollution.Forexample,peoplemaylosetheirhearingiftheyworkinanoisyplaceforalongtime.①loseone’shearing=hearingloss()②noise噪音，常指不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲。n. noisy嘈雜的，吵鬧的adj.區(qū)別：voice嗓音，一般指人的聲音，說話、唱歌。sound作“聲音”，“響聲”講時，可以指人或動物發(fā)出的聲音，或物體碰撞的聲言。這個詞的使用范圍很大?？梢哉f，大自然的任何“聲音”都可以用sound。Eg.Don’tmakeanynoise! Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound. Thegirlhasabeautifulvoice.Unit2Topic2Thewindoutsideisblowingstrongly. blowstrongly/hard刮大風(fēng)rain/snowheavily/hardWhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetjustnow,Icouldn’tseeanything.while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句只能是延續(xù)性動詞。whenwhilesb1.bedoing,sb2.bedoing.Treescanstopthewindfromblowingtheearthaway. stopsb./sth.(from)doingsth.preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth. (from)blowsth.away把…吹/刮走 blow-blew-blown washsth.away把…沖走，…洗掉拓展：blowout吹滅 putout撲滅Althoughwehavebuilt“TheGreenGreatWall”,westillneedtodosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.althoughconj.“”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于though,although比較正式。eg:Although/Thoughheisverytired,hegoesonwithhiswork.althoughthough時，不能同時使用but,although/though后可與yetstill連用。eventhough.need v. ,needtodosth.,否定：don’tneedtodosth.情態(tài)動,needdosth., 否定：needn’tdoneed n.需要，需求“許多，大量”Peoplehavecutdownsuchalargenumberoftreesthatthelandchangeintodesert.anumberof“許多，大量”“數(shù)目”anumberof ++“數(shù)目”thenumberofthenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語動詞單數(shù)eg:Thereareanumberofcarsintheparkinglot.Thenumberofthecarsisabout200.停車場停了大量的車。車的數(shù)量大約是200。鞏固：such+a(n)+++that“…………”+that從句。alotof/lotsof和plentyof許多”Someanimalsareindangerofdyingout.indangerof處的危險中dieout滅絕comeintobeing產(chǎn)生，開始存在，誕生鞏固：die-died-died v.死亡 deathn. dying現(xiàn)在分詞Humanshavecometorealizetheimportanceofprotectinganimals. cometorealize逐漸意識到Butthegovernmentisdoingsomethingusefultoprotecttheenvironment.dosomethingusefultodosth=takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事somethinguseful adj修飾不定代詞時，放在后面，作后置定語。somewherewarm一些暖和的地方；nothingserious 沒什么嚴重的Noneofuslikespollution.noneof(三者及三者以上)+可數(shù)n復(fù)數(shù)+謂v單或復(fù)noneof(三者及三者以上)+不可數(shù)n+謂v單noneof(三者及三者以上)+代詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂v單或復(fù)拓展：neither都不”Howmany/much引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，否定回答用noneWho引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，否定回答用nooneeveryone每個人，只指人不指物，后不加of，強調(diào)整體。謂語單數(shù)。everyone+表范圍的of短語Weshoulddoeverythingwecantoprotecttheenvironment. wecaneverything+todosth.Noneofuswouldliketoseedirtywaterandrubbishlyingaround. 沒有人想看見四處是臟水和垃圾。lie躺/位于lie-lay-lain lying現(xiàn)在分詞Allovertheworld,peoplehavecutdownmillionsoftrees. cutdown砍下拓展cut變形：cut-cut-cut;cutting拓展toff 切斷（電源，水，中斷 ephoneestoffduringecutup 切碎 Hopieces把某物切碎Toomuchharmfulradiationfromthesunpassesthroughtheholeandreachestheearththrough prep.穿越，從中間穿過 Thetwofriendswerewalkingthroughtheforest.across prep.橫跨……，橫穿TheGreatGreenWallisacrossthenorthwestofChina.cross v.橫穿，從表面穿過，過馬路、過橋等Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.易混詞辨析：though盡=although thought想法（think的過去式）direct adj.直接的v.指揮，指.directly adv.直接地director導(dǎo)演 direction方向，指導(dǎo)Inthepassage,blanketreferstocarbondioxidearoundtheworld.referto指的…… 過去式referredTheseaseemstohavethebestanswer.seem +adj.（詳情參考系表結(jié)構(gòu)）+todosthItseemsthat+從句Wecansolvetheproblemoftheshortageofwater.①解決問題：solve/dealwiththeproblem拓展②theshortageof缺乏 beshortof缺乏拓展beshortfor…是……=forshortEg.TVisshortfortelevision=WecalltelevisionTVforshort.Howcanweavoidaseriouswatershortage? avoidv.+sth./doingsth.be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事lookforwardtodoing期盼做某事sticktodoing堅持做某事payattentiontodoing注意做某事preferdoingtodoing寧可