研究生英語多維教程探索課文原文及課后題課

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ｔheuｓeｏfEｎglish,ｕnprotecｔedasourlaｎguａgeｉsfromthｅiｎterferｅｎcｅofemerｇingａｎdａmbitｉousｅｎtｒeｐreneurｓ.Nevertｈeｌess,IｐrefｅrｓeｅinｇEnglisｈdevelｏｐastheliｎguafrａncaaroｕｎdtheｗｏrｌdｒaｔhｅｒthanbeinｇsuｆｆocatｅｄfoｒthesakeｏfso-caｌledpｕriｔｙbｙsoｍｅill－adviｓｅdlegｉslativｅprｏｃeｓs.Unit２ＬiesandTｒuthWhatiｓtruth？–andthｅｏppｏｓiｔeｑuestionthatgoeswithit:whatmakｅsaliｅ?Phｉlosopｈers,tｅachers,aｎｄreｌｉgiousleaｄｅrsｆrｏmａｌlｃｕltuｒeｓanｄpｅrｉodｓoｆhｉstoｒyhaveｏfｆeredmanｙanｓwerstothesequestiｏns.AmｏngＥurｏ－Nｏｒth-Aｍeriｃanｗriters,theｒｅisgeneralａgreemenｔonｔwopoｉｎts.Ｔheｆｉrｓtiｓthatｗhatｗecａlla“l(fā)ie”ｍuｓtbetoldｉnｔentionally–tｈaｔis,iｆsomeonetelｌｓａnuntrutｈbuttｈeybelｉeｖeittoｂeｔrue,wｅdｏｎ’tｃonsidｅｒtｈemaliａr．Thesecondｐoiｎtistｈａｔpｒacticallyeｖeryoｎelies，anｄliesfｒequently.Buttherｅtｈeagｒeemenｔｅndｓ．Oneratｈeｒextrｅmeｐoｉｎtoｆｖiewisthatlｙingｉsalwaysbadandｔhatweshouｌdtrytofiｎdwａysａｖoiｄdoingｉt.Thereasonisthatｌyｉｎghurtsnoｔoｎlythelistener,butalsotheｌiａr.Eaｃhliemaｋesthenｅｘtoneｅasiｅrｔｏteｌl，andｔheliarcoｍeｓnｏtonlｙtｏdisreｓpecthｅrselｆ,buttomistruｓtotｈers,ｗhomshebｅlieveswｉlllieaｓeasilyaｓshe．Inasociｅty,ｗｈerｅlｙiｎgiscｏmmon，trｕstbeｃoｍesimpossible,ａndwiｔhouttrust,ｃｏｏpeｒatioｎｃannotexist.Furthermore,bｙlyingtｏpｅopｌｅ,wereｍｏvｅtheｉｒｐowerｔomaｋeimpｏrtａntcｈoｉceｓabｏｕthowtospendｍonｅy,ｗhａt(yī)futurｅcareertｏtake,wｈatmedicaltｒｅaｔｍｅｎttotａke.Toｗardthｅｏppｏsｉｔｅeｘｔrｅmｅisｔhepｏsitｉonthaｔａltｈoughｓomｅｌieｓａreevil，manyｏthｅｒsarenot–ｉｎfaｃt,tｈeyａrenｅcessarｙtohoｌdourｓｏcietｙｔogeｔｈer．Ｗelｉｅinｈarmlessｗayｓtｏproｔｅｃtother’sfeｅlingsａndtｏbｅtｔeｒouｒrelationship.Thｅseaｒenoｔliｅｓthａt(yī)ｔrｙtｏｈuｒtotheｒs.Ｗelaughattheｂoｓs’ｓjｏｋewhiｃｈwehavehｅardbeｆoｒｅandｗhiｃｈshｅｄoeｓn’ttｅllｖerywell；wｅｐretendintｅrestｉｎafrienｄ’ｓstｏryofｓｏmｅtｈinｇuninｔｅｒｅｓtiｎgthatｈａppenedｔｏhim.Ｉfsomｅｏneaｓkｓｕsaquestionthatiｓveryｐｅrｓonalandｉsｎｏneoftheirbｕsiness,wemaylｉeinｒespｏnsｅ．Somｅtｉmｅswelｉetoprotecttherｅpuｔａt(yī)ionorevｅｎtｈeliｆｅofanｏtherpｅrson.Onalａrgersｃale，governmentmaｙprotectnａt(yī)ｉonalsｅcuriｔybｙlｙiｎg.Eacｈpｅrsonseemstohａｖeｓｏｍepoinｔａt(yī)ｗhicｈtheydrａwthｅliｎｅbeｔweenanａｃceｐｔａblelｉｅandａｂadlｉe.Obviｏusｌy,ｔhｉｓpointｖaｒiesfｒｏmindivｉｄualtoindiviｄualanｄfrｏmcuｌturｅtocuｌture.Asoｍｅtｉmespainfulｐartoｆgｒowingupｉsrｅａlizingｔhaｔnｏtｅveryoneｓharesyoｕｒｏｗnｉｎdiｖidualdefiｎｉｔionofhoneｓty．Youｒpaｒenｔsaｎｄｙouｒculturｅｍａyteａchyouthaｔlｉarssuffer,butaｓyougｏtｈroughｌｉfe,ｙoufindtｈａt(yī)ｏｆｔeｎtheyｄon’t:inｆａｃt,diｓhｏnｅstpeopleｏftensｅemtoｐｒｏspeｒmｏreｔｈａnhoｎestonｅs.Ｗｈataｒｅyoｕtodowiththisrealizａt(yī)iｏn？Itｍaｙmakeyoｕrmoralbelｉefsloｏkｗeakandsillyincomｐａrisｏn,aｎdyｏumaybｅgintoｑｕｅstionthem.Ｉttakeｓaｇreaｔdealoｆstｒengthandcouragetoｃoｎtｉnuelivinｇaｎｈonestliｆeiｎtheｆaceｏfsｕｃhｒealiｔy.Ｌｉｔtｌeｗhiteｌies:Thisisournaｍeｆorlｉeｓthatｗecｏnｓidｅｒhａｒmlessandｓocｉaｌlyａｃcｅｐtabｌe.Ｔheyarｅｕsuallytｏｌｄtｏpｒotectｔheｌiaroｒthｅfeelinｇｓoftｈeｌistener.Mｏstｏfthemｗoｕldbｅcｏｎｓiｄeredｓocｉallieｓ，anｄtheyinｃludｅａｐｏｌoｇiesａndexｃuses：“Ｉtｒiedtocａlｌyou,butyouｒlineｗasbusｙ.”“Ｙou’rekiddiｎg!Yｏudｏｎ’tlｏoklikｅyｏｕ’veｇainedapｏuｎd.”Somepeople,ｈoweｖer，woｕｌdconsideｒitaccｅpｔablｅtoｌieｔｏsavetheｍｓeｌｖｅsfromｒｅｓponsibiｌiｔyinａbusiｎｅsstransactｉon:“AfterIgothoｍe,Inoticeｄｔhａt(yī)itwasbｒｏken,ｓｏI’ｍrｅturninｇitandｗouldｌikｅmymｏneyｂacｋ.”O(jiān)ccasionallyａ“l(fā)ittlewhitelｉe”mａyhaveａveryprofoundefｆecｔoｎｔhelｉｖesｏfｔhelｉｓｔeners,aｎdmaｙeｖenbackｆｉｒe.AuthorＳｔephaniｅErｃssonteｌlsｏfthewｅlｌ-meaniｎｇU.S.Armyseｒgeantwhotoldａｌieａｂoutonｅｏfhismｅnwhohａdbeenkilｌeｄinａcｔｉoｎ.Theserｇeanｔreｐｏrteｄtheｍaｎaｓ“misｓingｉｎaｃtｉon，”nｏtkillｅd,sｏthatthemilitarywouldcｏntiｎuesendingｍoneyｔotheｄｅaｄman’sfaｍilｙeveryｍｏnth.Ｗhａｔhｅdidｎ’tconsiderｗａsthatbeｃauｓｅoｆhislｉｅ，ｔｈefamiｌycoｎtinuｅｄtoliｖeinｔhatｎａrroｗsｐacebetweeｎhopeandloss,alwaｙswatcｈingforｔhemａiｌoｒjuｍpingwhｅntheｔelｅphｏｎｅｏrthedoorbeｌｌrang．Tｈｅynｅverwereａbｌeｔｏｇothrｏuｇｈtｈｅnormalｐrｏceｓsｏfｓorrｏｗinｇｆｏｒ,andtｈenａccｅpting,thedeathｏftheirfathｅrandhusbａnd.Ｔhewifeneveｒｒｅmaｒｒied.Whｉchwａsｗｏrｓe，thｅｌieorthetrｕtｈ?Didthesｅrgeanthavｅtherighttodowhａt(yī)ｈｅｄidtothem?Ｗhatwereallymｅanwhenwecallanunｔrutha“l(fā)ｉttｌewhitelie”ｉsthaｔweｔｈinkiｔｗaｓjｕstiｆｉabｌｅ.Intoｔhisｃategｏｒyfaｌlmａnyｏfｔｈelｉestoｌdwithiｎthｅwallｓofｇoｖernｍeｎt．Aｐerｓonmayｌｉetoｇovernmenｔ,ｏragoｖeｒnmeｎtoffｉciａlmayliｅｔotｈepublic，anｄｂeｌiｅvｅtｈａt(yī)bydoinｇsｏ,hebecｏmesahｅro.Clearｌy，ｈowever，oneperson’s“l(fā)ittlewhiteliｅ”iｓaｎotｈｅｒｐｅrson’ｓ“dirtylｉe．”Thatbringsustothesecondcategory:Dirtylies:Ｔhereareｌiestoldwｉthintenttoharmtｈｅlｉstenerorathirdｐaｒtｙandtoｂenefｉtthelｉａr.Intｏthiｓcａｔegoryfalltｈeｌiesｏfsoｍｅdisｈonｅstsalesperｓons,ｍeｃhanicｓ,repaiｒｍen;hｕsbaｎdｓorwｉｖeswｈｏarｅhavinｇanaffairwithsomeonｅelse;teenagerｓｗｈolieｔoｇetｏｕtoftｈｅhouseinｏｒdｅrｔoｄoｔｈinｇｓthattheirｐarentｓｗｏuldｄiｅiｆｔhｅyknewaboｕtit；drｕgaddicｔswhｏｂegfａmilymｅmｂersformoneytoｓｕpｐｏrtｔhｅiｒhabit.Dirtylieｓｍybｅtｏｌdtｏiｍｐroｖeoｎeperｓｏｎ’srｅputaｔiｏnbｙｄestｒoyｉnganｏtｈer’s,toｈurｔacｏlleaｇue’sｃhancｅｓoｆpromoｔiｏｎsｏthａt(yī)thｅliarｗilｌbeａdｖaｎｃed.Ｌiesofomission:Somepeoplebｅlievetｈatlｙingcoｖersｎotｏｎlywhａt(yī)ｙｏｕsaｙ,butalsｏwｈａt(yī)youcｈooｓenotｔｏsaｙ．Ifyou’retryingtｏsｅｌlacａrthatburnｓaloｔofｏｉl,bｕｔthebuyerｄoｎ’taｓkaboｕtthａｔparticulａrfeaｔurｅ，ｉsitalienotｔotellthｅm?ＩnｔhｅUｎitedStates，afavoriteｐlａｃeｔowithhoｌdtheｔｒuthisonpeople’siｎｃometaxretuｒns.Thegovｅrnmentcoｎsidersthiｓaｎｕnqｕestiｏｎableliｅ,andifcaugｈt,ｔhesｅｐeoｐlｅareｓeverelypuniｓhed.Ifomissionｃaｎbelyｉng，hiｓｔoryｂoｏksaregreａt(yī)ｌiarｓ.Uｎtilrｅｃｅntly,ｍostＵ.S.ｈistｏrytｅｘtboｏkｓpａiｎｔeｄＣhｒistopｈerColumbuspurelyasahero,themaｎwho“dｉｓcｏveredＡｍerica,”aｎdhａdｎothiｎｇtoｓａyaboｕthisdaｒkersｉde.Moreover，mｏstNatｉveＡmeｒicａｎａndＡfricａｎ-Ａmeriｃaｎcontributorstｏsciｅｎce，tｅｃhnology,ｉnｖention,ｌｉteｒaｔure,arｔ,ｄiｓcｏｖｅrｙ,ａｎdotherａrｅａsofｃivｉlizationuｓｅdtoｂeomｉttｅdfｏrmchildren’sｓcｈｏoｌｂｏｏks．Maｎypeoｐleｃonsideredtｈisａｌie,aｎdtｏday’ｓhiｓtoryｂoｏksusuaｌlymentionatｌeastsｏｍeｏｆit，tｈｏｕghnotasmucｈassoｍepeｏｐｌemｉｇhtlikｅ.Faｌsepromiseｓ:Ｔhｉscategｏｒyismadｅupｏfｐromisesthatthepromiseｒkｎowsarefａlｓe,thathehasnoｉntentionofkeepｉngeｖｅnａstheｗorｌdｌeavehiｓlips.Whilｅsomeareｆaiｒlyｈaｒmｌeｓsaｎdsociaｌ,otheｒsａreｔakｅｎｍoresｅｒiouslyaｎdcanhuｒttｈｅlisteｎeｒ:“I’llneverdoitagain,Iｐroｍｉse．”Aｄveｒtｉｓersanｄpoliticｉａｎssufｆerfｒomterrｉblesｔｅｒeotyｐeｓｂecauｓeofthｅfalsepromｉsesofsｏｍｅoftheiｒnｕｍbeｒ:“Loｓe5０pouｎdsintwｏweeks．”“Reａdｍyliｐs:Noneｗｔaxes．”Probablyeveryonｅwoulｄａgｒeｅthatifｗｅmakeaｐrｏmiｓebuthavenointentｉonofkeepiｎgit,wｅliｅ．Ｂuｔｗhatｉfwerｅallydoplanｔokｅeｐit,aｎｄtheｎsomethingｈapｐenｓtopreｖentit?Ｃonsidｅrtheｊoｕrｎａlｉstwhoproｍｉsｅｓｎｏttoindenｔifyhｉsreｓouｒces,ｂutｔhｅnisprｅssurｅdbyhisnewｓpａperorbytｈelaw.Ｈowfarｓhouldｈegotokeｅphisword？Iｆｈeｂｒｅakshisｐromiｓe,ｉｓhｅｄｉｓhonest?Ｌiｅstooneｓeｌｆ:Thisｉsｐerｈapstheｓaddesｔanｄmｏstpａt(yī)hｅtickｉｎdoflying.Ｔｈesearｅtheｌｉeｓtｈaｔprevenｔusfrommaｋingｎeededｃhangeｓｉnoｕrｓｅlｖeｓ：“IｋnowIdranｋ/ｓpｅnｔ/atｅtoｏmuchｙeｓterdaｙ，bｕtＩcancontroｌiｔanytiｍeIｒeaｌlywａntto.”Buｔtｈereiｓafiｎelｉneｂetweennorｍaldreａmsａndａmbitｉonsontheonehａnｄ,ａnｄdeｃeiｖingourselvｅｓontheother，andweｈaｖｅtobｅcａrefulwherewｅdrａｗit．It’sｃｏmｍonforｙoungpeoｐleｔodreamofrisingtｏｔhetopｏfｔｈeircoｍpany,ofwinnｉｎgａＮｏbelPrｉze,ｏfｂｅｃomingｆａmouｓorｒicｈ;buｔistｈatseｌf-deｃeption,oｒｓimplyhｕmannaｔuｒe?Wｅretheｙlyingtothemｓｅlves?Moｒelikely,thｅｙreaｌlybｅlｉｅvｅdtｈaｔｓucｈaｆutureｗasoｐｅnｔotｈｅm,beｃauｓetheyhadseeｎithappeｎｔｏｏthers.Wｅshouldｎ’tbetoohaｒdｏnoｕrｓelves，buｔifwehａveｔurｎedablｉndeyetｏouｒｆaulｔs,wｅshoulｄtakeａnhoneｓtｌooｋｉnthemirror．Ｔhereｉsnoｑuesｔioｎｔhaｔthｅｔeｒms“l(fā)ｙing”ａnd“honeｓty”havedｅｆinitionstｈatｖaｒyａcrosscuｌturebｏｕｎｄarｉes．Memｂersofｏｎecuｌtureｍaysterｅotypemembersｏfanotheｒａs“greａt(yī)lｉars,”“untrustwｏｒtｈy,”ｏr“aｆraidtofacethetruth.”Butwhａt(yī)maylieｂehindｔhesedｉfferencesisthaｔoneｃulturevalｕeｓfactｕaｌiｎfｏｒmａt(yī)ionevenifithurｔs,whilｅanotｈerplacesmｏｒevalｕｅｏnsｅnsitivitｙtoｏtherpｅｏplｅ’sfeelinｇｓ.Wｈilｅtheｍｅmberｓｏfｅaｃhcuｌｔureｂeｌievethatofｃｏurseｔｈeirvａlｕesarｅtherightoneｓ,theｙaｒeuｎlikelyｔｏcoｎvincememｂｅrsofotheｒcultureｓtochaｎgeｏvｅr.Anｄthat’s“thetruｔh.”Unit3Geｎerａt(yī)ionXIt’sofｔｅｎsａidthatkidstodayareｎ’tｗｈatthｅyusｅdｔｏbe．Ｂutisthisnewgｅneraｔionofteenaｇersandyounｇaduｌts，coｍmonｌyｒeferrｅdtｏａs“ＧeｎeratiｏnX”orthe“ｂabybｕｓteｒｓ,”reallｙsoｄifferenｔfrompreviouｓgeneraｔｉons?Whatｍakesthemtｉck?Wｈatｉｍpａctｗｉllthｅｙｈaｖeｏnｕｓandｏuriｎｓｔiｔｕtｉonｓaｓweｍoveintothefuturｅ?CｕｒrｅntTrｅndsTwｅntyyｅarsago,emｐlｏyｅｒsdiｄn’tｗorｒyaｂoutfindｉnｇｅnouｇｈgｏｏdpeopｌe.Ｊｕｓtｌikeａｂｏxoftissｕes，ｔhｅｒewａsａｌwayｓanothercaｎｄidａt(yī)ethaｔｗｏｕｌdｐoprightup．Ｂutｔhｅ18-ｙeａｒbabyｂooｍoｆ１946-19６４,whenｂｉrtｈrａt(yī)espｅakedaｔ25.3bｉrthspeｒ1,000ｐopuｌation,waｓfｏlloｗedbythｅ１1－yｅar“babｙｂuｓｔ,”wｈeｎｔheratefｅlltoalowof１4．6birｔhｓper1,000.Ｔhismｅansthesmallestpoolofｅntｒｙ-levｅlｗorkeｒｓsincethe１930s．“GeneratｉonX,”ａsｔheｙwｅredubbedinａ１９91nｏvelbyＣａnaｄiaｎwriterDougｌasCouplanｄ,realizｅthenumｂersarｅonｔheirsiｄe.Tｈeｙａrenoｗｍainlyintheir20ｓ,andtheｙseetｈeｍselvesasveｒyｍａrketableinthewoｒkplacｅ．Theyｆeeltｈａt(yī)ｔｈeycanbｅｐａｔｉentwhenchoosingajob，aｎdtheycanlookｆｏrtｈｅｂestwages．ＴｈisｇｅneratｉoｎhａｓwatcｈedmorｅＴV，andａsａｒesuｌthasprobablｙｗiｔｎｅssｅdmoｒｅviolｅｎceandｍurdｅrs,thanａnygｅneｒａt(yī)ioｎsinｈｉstｏry．Iｎａddition,theｉｒgｌoomyviewｏfthｅworｌdhasbeeｎshapedｂyｎumerousnegaｔiveｅvents,ｓuｃhaｓthｅPeｒsiａnGulfＷar,escalａt(yī)ｉngｃrｉｍe,riｏtｓ,AＩDS,thenucleaｒｔhreａt(yī),ａnｄｐoｌlutｉon.Tｈｅyparｅntspracticedbiｒthｃoｎtｒolandａboｒｔionandwerehｉghlyconcｅrnedabout“makingｉt”fｉnａnｃiaｌｌy．Abouｔ４0%ofX’ｅrsarｅｐroducｔｓofdivorcｅ,aｎdmaｎｙwerebroughtｕpinsｉnｇle－pａrentｈomes.Thｅｅｍotioｎaｌupheavalandcｏｎｆlictthiscａｕseshelpedsｈapeｔhｅｉrvieｗofthefａmｉlｙandtheｗorld．ItｓｅemｓtohavesentoutaneｇativemessａgetoＸ’ersaboｕtｔheｉｒｖaluｅandｗorth．Manｙyoungbelieveｔhａt(yī)thｅiｒeconｏmicｐｒospectsaregｌoomｙ.Tｈeｙbeｌieｖｅｔhaｔtｈｅywｉlｌｎotdｏasｗellｆｉnａnｃiallyａstheiｒparｅntｓｏrtｈeirｇrandｐarents.Ｔheyknowthａt(yī)tｈeａveｒａgｅinｃomeforｙoungｐeople，evenwiｔｈtwoｏrｔｈreecoｌlｅgｅｄｅgrees,ｈasdecｌｉnedsignｉfｉcantlyoverthｅpasｔgeｎerations.Mａnyｆeeｌｔhａt(yī)ｔheirｃhancesoffinｄingthｅjobandsalarytｈeywantaｒｅblｅak.Ｃoｕpｌeｗiththehighｄｉvｏrcerａt(yī)eｗｉththeｆａcttｈatmanyｗerelaｔｃｈkeｙｃhｉldreｎandｙｏugetaｇeｎｅraｔｉonwhoｍａyｈavehaｄｍｏretｉmｅalｏnethananyｉnｈｉstoｒy.Theyareａlsothefirsttoｓｐendconsｉｄerabｌetimeinｄaｙcaｒe．Aｔｈomｅ，tｈｅｙｗereweanedｏnTV,hｉgｈｔech,vｉdeｏｇａｍeｓ，andｃomputerｓ．Theｙbecameindependｅｎtatayoungage.Mａnyhaｄｔoｇrｏwupfasｔ,takinｇonfaｍiｌｙresｐonsｉｂilｉtiesｏrparｔ-ｔimｅjoｂstohelpoｕt．Ａllｔhishasｈelpｅｄthembｅｃomeｖｅryfreedom-minｄeｄ,indiviｄuaｌistic，andself-absorｂeｄ.Manｙreｓentｔhｅfａｃttｈatthｅirpaｒentsweｒenｏｔhoｍetoｓpｅndmｏｒetiｍeｗiｔhthem.Anofｔenｈeardsｅntiｍentisthatthｉngｓwillbedifferｅnｔwｈeｎtheｙraｉsｅtheiroｗｎfamilies.Theloyaltyandｃｏｍmitmｅnｔtotｈeworkｐｌａceｔhatpreviousgｅｎerａt(yī)ｉonsｈadisgone．ＧｅｎeｒationX’erswatchedtheiｒgraｎｄpａｒentｓsｌavｅawayoｎlｙtoreｃeiveagolｄwａt(yī)chandpensionuponrｅｔirｅmeｎｔ.Thｉrtyorｍorｅyearsofｌｏyaｌtyｓometiｍｅsｅndedwithasecuｒityguaｒｄheｌpingthemtocｌeanｏutｔheｉrdesksａndescorｔinｇthemouttｈｅｄoｏｒ.Theirparenｔs’dedｉcatiｏntothecｏｍpanyhａｓbeenrepaidwithdｏwnｓｉzingandlａyoffs.Youｎgpｅoplefeeltｈereｉsnｏｓuｃｈthiｎgaｓjｏｂsｅcｕｒity.Thｅｙfeeｌtheydon’ｔｗanｔtowaiｔarｏｕndａnｄpａytheirdｕeswｈentｈereｉsnolｏng－tｅrmcｏmmitmenｔｆromｔheｔｏp.Theｙcａn’tbeliｅvethatｔheiｒｂoｏmerbosseｓspeｎｄ６0ormｏrehouｒsaweekaｔａjoｂthattｈeycoｎstａnｔlｙcompｌaiｎabout.Thｅystrongｌybeliｅvetｈereｉｓｌifeafｔeｒworｋ.ＧenerationX’ersｔaｋelongｅrtomａkejobchoicｅｓ.Theyloｏkｕponajｏbaｓtｅｍｐorａｒyiｎｓtｅadofasacareeｒ,partlｙbecausetｈeywａｎttokeepｔｈｅiropｔionsoｐeｎ.Theyarｅalｗaysｌookｉngtoｊumpshｉpwhenthｅycanupgradｅtheiｒｓituation.Theywilｌｏftｅnlｅａｖeaｊobａt(yī)tｈｅhiｎtofabetｔｅrpｏsitiｏn.Tｈisgeneratioｎｓeemｓｔodｏｔｈinｇsatａmuｃhlaｔeraｇeｔｈantheirｐaｒｅnts.Tｈeygraduaｔeｆroｍｃollegelaｔeｒ,stａyathomeｌｏngeｒ,anｄmarｒyｍucｈlaｔｅr．Ｍanywholeaｖehｏmecomeｂacｋagａiｎ,someｔimesmorｅｔhａnonce.Ｔhｉｓiｓdｕeｉnparttothehigｈcoｓｔoflivｉngandtheｆactｔhatmaｎyhａvepilｅｄupｈugｅstuｄｅnｔloａｎdｅｂts.Ｉncｏntrastｗiththebabyｂoomers,whｏcouldn’ｔwａiｔtoｌｅavehoｍe,GenerationＸ’erssａvetheirｍoneｙsotｈeｙcａnlivｅbeｔteｒｗｈenｔheｙdoleave.Iｔmａyｂetｈａt(yī)ｓｏｍejustｗanttodｅｌａytheｔｉｍｅwhentｈeyａreontheｉroｗn,bｅｃａusetｈeyspeｎtsoｍucｈｔimealoneaｓchiｌdren．ＭanyoｆＸ’ｅrs’parenｔswｅreｂuｓyinｔhｅmorninggｅttingreadyforworkａnｄtｏoｔirｅdtohaveanyquａlitytiｍewithtｈeirchｉｌdreｎatnight.X’erｃｌaｓｓｒｏomswerｅofｔeｎoveｒｃrｏwｄｅd.ItwaｓｈardfｏrtｈeX’erstogｅtｎｏtｉcｅｄ，ｓｏａsadｕlｔstheｙhaｖeanｅｅdtobenｏtｉced.Ｏften,theysｅekthatattenｔioｎｉnthewoｒkplace.Whetｈｅｒfroｍwａt(yī)ｃｈiｎgTVoｒｆrombeiｎgspoilｅｄｂytheｉrguiｌt-ｒｉdｄeｎ，seldom-ｈomeｐａreｎtsoｒgｒａnｄparents，X’eｒsｈａveｃometoexｐeｃｔawｈｏｌelotfoｒnｏthｉng.Thｅyhａｖeasｔrｏngｐropｅnsｉｔｙｆｏrinｓtantgrａt(yī)ificatｉｏｎ,ｗantiｎgitalｌanｄwaｎｔiｎgitfａｓt.ThｅirfavorｉtｅTVｐｒｏｇrａmsａresoapoｐeras．Tｈeywoｕldｌikeｔｈｅｉrworｌdtｏｂｅfilleｄwiththｅsamegｏoｄ-lookingpeoｐlｅ,ｄrｅｓｓedinthelaｔestｆasｈiｏns,ｗithlｏtsofmｏneyaｎdprestige,aｎdwｉthｏuｔｈａvｉngtoworktoohaｒｄ.ItｉｓｎoｔｕnｃommonfｏｒX’erstoｇetouｔｏfhｉghsｃhoｏlanｄeｘｐｅcｔtobeｐａｉｄweｌldespｉｔeｍiｎｉmalｓkillｓ.Mａnyｄｉsdaｉｎlow-wａｇe“McJｏｂｓ”atfast-foｏｄcｈａins.Youｎgcolleｇegradｕatｅslooｋtostａｒtａt(yī)highpａｙｉngｐｏsitionsｗitｈpoｗｅraｎdpeｒks.Theyhaｖeｌittlepaｔienceforwoｒkingtheiｒwａyup.Ｙeｔ,ｔhｅＸ’erｓfｅｅｌthatmakingmonｅyisｎoｔａsiｍporｔanｔasexｐeriencｉｎｇlife.Tobeaｗorkahｏｌｉciｓtohaveｎｏlife．Ｃonｓequenｔly,aparaｄｏxｅxiｓtsbｅtwｅenhoｗthｅｙviewlifeａｎdwhattheythinkｔheyneedfroｍｉt.ＦｕtureTｒendsTｈｅfirstboomersareonlｙ10or12yeａrsawａyfroｍrｅｔｉring–ａndfｉnallｙoｕtoｆthewａｙofthenextgenerａt(yī)ion.ThｅX’erswiｌｌbegintotakｅoverinpolitｉcs,ａrtsａnｄcｕｌtｕre，ｅｄucation,mｅｄｉa，ａndbusinｅsｓ.Thiｓshoｕlｄｌｅaｄtoａt(yī)iｍeofbetterprobleｍｓｏlvingandqｕicｋｅrsｏｌutｉons,astheｙｈatepoliticalmａneuveringａｎdwａnttogetｔosolutionsｉnafast，ｎo-nonｓeｎsewａy．Ｘ’ersｄon’tｌiｋetheｆactthattｈｅirｐａrｅnｔsｓｐenｔｓoｍａｎｙhourｓworkinｇ.Ｔhｅｙｐroｍisetodoｂetｔerwithｔｈeirｃｈildren，ｂeiｎgｍｏreaｃcesｓiｂlｅａndpｒｏvｉdinｇａmorｅstａblehｏｍelife．Ｓincemanyｏｆthemwillmarrylaterwhｅnthｅyaｒemoｒｅmature,thedｉｖｏrｃｅrａt(yī)ewiｌlfinａllybegiｎｔoｄiｐ.WhenX’eｒscontroltｈｅｏrgaｎｉzａｔioｎｓoftoｍoｒrow,tｈｅｙｗillcreateashortｅrworkweｅk，sopeoplｅｗillhavemoｒｅtimetoｓｐendwｉｔｈtｈeirfaｍiliｅsａｎdlｅiｓurｅactiｖiｔies.Proｄuctiｖｉtywon’tsｕffer，ａsｔeｃhnｏｌogywillｅnaｂｌepeopｌetobeｍorepｒｏductiｖｅ.Ｉｎaddiｔｉon,tｈeX’eｒs’ｄｉsｄainfoｒofficepoliticsaｎddｅsireｔosoｌｖeproblｅmsｆasterwiｌliｍｐrｏveprｏｄuｃtｉvitｙ.Ｉfｏrganｉzaｔｉonsdonotmaｎaｇeｔheirhumaｎreｓｏｕrｃesbettｅr,X’erswillleaｖetｏfindorcｒeａt(yī)eamorｅｈumaｎeｗｏrkpｌace.ＭanyＧeｎerａt(yī)ｉoｎX’eｒsｈａveafrｅｅdom-miｎdedａnｄｉndiviｄualｉｓtiｃnatｕｒe.Theｙlｉkeｔoｂｅlｅfｔaｌonetosｏlveprobｌｅms.Ｔheyareapeｒfeｃtgrouptobｅcomeｃonsultａnts，asalreadyevidencedbysｏmanyventｕrｉnｇoｕtｏnthｅｉrｏwn.OrgaｎｉｚatｉoｎswｉｌｌcomｅtorelｙoｎｔｈeX’ers’entｒｅprｅneurｉalspirittofoｓteriｎnovaｔion．Ｔｈｅywilｌcrｅateｓysｔemsthａt(yī)willａllow“inｔｒａpreneurs”ｔｏcreatｅａndrunsｍallbｕｓineｓseswithinａbｕsｉｎess.Theｏrganｉｚaｔion’ｓfinanciaｌsupportwiｌlａｌlｏwｙouｎgpeｏｐletoｒeseaｒcｈandcreaｔeｎｅwprｏductｓatuｎparａlleledraｔeｓ.Oｕtsiｄｅentｒeprｅｎｅurｓoftｈisｇenerationwillteaｍuｐwiththese“intrａpreneurｓ”tocreaｔejoiｎtventｕreｓ．GenerａｔionX’ershavestａrtedｔｏuseｔheｉrtecｈnｏloｇｙskｉｌｌstocｒeaｔeｖirtｕalbuｓinesseｓ,andtheywilｌｂｅthedriｖiｎｇｆoｒcebeｈiｎdｔhisｍarketpｌaceinthｅfutuｒe.Theｙhavｅbeenquicｋtotaｋeadｖａntagｅｏfｔhｅloweroveｒheａdandquicｋstaｒt-ｕpsthａt(yī)tｈｅInternetpｒovides．Beingaｂletoreａchmillｉoｎsofpeoplewithｎewideasaｎdpｒoductsiｎstａnｔｌｙａt(yī)tractstｈｉｓgenerａｔiｏn.ＧeneratioｎXｈａsｅｖｏlvedindramaticallｙdiｆferentｗayｓthanpｒeｖiousｇｅnｅrationｓ.Whatmotｉvatedpasｔｇeｎｅｒａt(yī)ionsｉsfardｉffｅｒeｎtfｒｏmwhａt(yī)motivａt(yī)esthisｎeｗｂreeｄ.Bｕtthechanｇｅｓwiｌlｂefortｈebettｅrｉnｍanywaｙｓ.Kiｄsｍａｙｎotｂeｗhａｔtheｙusedtobe,buｔifwelisten,tｈereisａlotwecanlearnｆrｏmtｈeｍ.Tｈefｕｔureｗｉllbeａｂｅttｅrｐｌａｃｅｉfwｅdo.Unit4ＳｕcceｓsAｙoｕnｇmａnofhｕmｂleoriｇｉnsｃametoNｅwYoｒkfroｍthｅMiｄweｓttoｓｅeｋｈｉsfoｒｔunｅ.Hedreamed,iｎtｈｅＡmerｉｃanｗａy,ofｂｅcoｍingamillionaｉre.HｅtiredｈisluckoｎＷaｌlStrｅｅt.Hｅｗasdilｉgｅnｔaｎdｓｈrewdand,whｅnｈeｈadtｏ，dｅvｉous.HｅpuｔtｏgeｔｈerｔｈeNatiｏnaｌWorldwiｄeUｎｉversaldealandｈedidｓoｍeｔhiｎgｓｗｉthanelectroｎicsaｃquｉｓitｉoｎtｈaｔwouｌdｎ’ｔｂearexplainiｎｇ．Ｈesucｃeeｄeｄevｅnbeyondhisｄrｅaｍ：ｈemadｅｔｗelvｅmilliondolｌａrs.Atｆirsttｈｅｙｏungmanassｕｍedthateｖｅryｔｈiｎgwａｓwｏｒkingoutspｌｅnｄidｌy.“Ｉsn’tｉsgｒａnd?”hesａｉdｔohiswife，onceitｗaｓａｐｐaｒentｔhaｔhehadmaｄetwelvemｉｌlｉoｎdｏllars．“No,itｉsｎ’t,”hｉｓｗifesaｉd.“You’rｅaｎoboｄｙ．”“Buｔtｈａt(yī)’sｉmｐoｓｓible，”thｅｙoungmansaid．“Ｉ’mｒｉｃhpersoｎ.Weliｖeiｎanerａt(yī)hａｔcelebraｔesrichｐｅople.Richｐｅｏｐleａrｅshowniｎtｈenｅwspapeｒsinthｅｃoｍｐanyｏfmoviesｔａｒsandfaｍousｎoveｌistsanddｉstｉnguiｓheddｒessdｅsigneｒs.Thｅnａmeｓoftherｉcｈｅstcｏrｐorａｔeraiderｓａreknｏｗntｏeveryscｈｏoｌｂoy.Ｔhereａrｅrichreaｌestａt(yī)esharkswｈｏｓefacesapｐearｏｎthecoｖersofｇｌossymａgａｚｉneｓ.”“Yoｕrswon’ｔ,”ｈisｗiｆesaiｄ.“Yoｕ’reaｎobody.”“BuｔＩhaｖｅtwelvemｉlliondoｌlａrs,”ｔheyounｇmansaid．“Sodoaｌotofｐeoｐle,”hiｓwifesaiｄ.“Theｙ’ｒｅnｏbodies,too.”“Ｉcｏuldbuyｏurwayｏnｔotｈｅcｏmmitｔｅeｓｏfiｍpｏrtantcharitｙbａlls，”tｈeyounｇｍanｓaｉd.“Thenｗe’dbemeｎtｉoneｄinthecolumns.”“Don’tｋidyourｓeｌｆ,”hｉswifeｓaid.“Ｔheiｍpoｒｔａntcommitteesareａｌrｅａdyｆilｌeｄwｉthpeoplewhoarｅreａｌlyrｉｃｈ.ＰeoplelikeuswouldendupｗorkiｎgｏnsomeｔhiｎgliｋｅadinnerdancetobeneｆｉttheＡｍｅｒｉcanPsoriasiｓFｏundation.”“BｕtIownaco-ｏｐａpartｍenｔonFifthAveｎueｔｈat’swoｒthtwomiｌlioｎdｏｌｌars,”theｙoungｍａnsａid．“Tｗo-miｌliｏｎ-dｏllａrco-oｐsaｒeadｉmeadoｚen,”hｉswifesaiｄ，“ｓｏtoｓpｅak.”“Ihaｖeastrｅtcｈlimousiｎe，”thｅｙｏｕngmansaiｄ．“It’stｗenｔy-ｏｎeandhalffeetlｏｎg．”“Noｂodyｆａmoｕｓhaｓｅｖerriｄdｅｎit，”hiswifesaiｄ.“ＨenrｙＫiｓｓingerandCalviｎKｌeinhａveｎｅverhｅardofyou.Yoｕ’reａｎobｏdｙ.”Theｙoｕngmaｎwasｓilentｆｏrawhile.“Ａreｙoｕｄisａppointｅｄwithme?”hefiｎalｌysaidtｏｈisｗiｆｅ.“ＯｆcouｒｓeI’ｍdｉsappoinｔｅdｉnｙｏu，”shesaiｄ,“Ｗheｎyouaｓkedmｅｔomaｒryyｏｕ,yoｕsaidyｏuwｏｕｌdsureｌyamoｕntｔｏsomeｔhing．HｏwwasItokｎowthatyｏu’dtuｒnoutｔobeaｎobody?”Foｒａmomentｔheyｏuｎgmanlｏokｅddefeａｔｅd.Tｈenhesｑuareｄhｉｓshoulｄersａｎdclearｅdｈisthroaｔ.“Ｉ’llmａｋethｅmpaｙatteｎtioｎ,”ｈｅsaiｄ,“Ｉ’lｌbｕyaｐroｆｅssiｏnalfootballteamaｎdargueaｌｏｔwitｈtｈecｏachinpublic.Ceｌebrｉtieswilｌｊoinｍetｏｗatcｈbiｇgaｍesfｒｏｍtheowneｒ’sbox．”“Yoｕcan’ｔｂｕyaprofｅｓsionａｌfooｔｂａｌlteａmｆortwelvemiｌｌiondｏlｌars”hiｓwｉfeｓａid.“Ｐroｆessionalfootbａlｌteamｓcｏstｂiｇbuckｓ.”“ＴｈenI’lｌbuyaｍagazineandappoiｎｔmｙｓelfchiefcｏluｍnisｔ,”ｔｈｅyoｕngmanｓaｉｄ.“Aｔinyｂuｔeｘcｅedｉnglyflatteringpｉcｔureoｆmewillrｕｎnｅｘｔtomycｏlumnevｅrywｅｅk.Theoｗnｅrｓofpｒofｅsｓiｏnalfootbalｌteamswillｉｎvitemetowaｔchbiggａmeｓfromtheｏwner’sboｘ．”“Youmｉghtｂｅabletobuyｏｎｅofthoseｗeeｋly-shoppｅrtｈrｏwawaysfortwelvemiｌlｉｏndollａｒｓ,butnotareａlmagazine，”hｉｓwifｅsaid,“Yｏucａn’ｔbuyaｒｅａlmaｇazinefoｒｃhiｃkenfeed.”“Isthａt(yī)whatyｏｕｃallwhａt(yī)wehave？”theyouｎgmaｎasked.“Iｓｔｗｅlvemilliondｏｌｌａrschicｋeｎｆｅｅd?”“Iｔ’sｎoｔabiｇbucks,”hｉswifesａiｄ.“WhａｔｃaｎI(lǐng)telｌyｏu?”“Bｕtthaｔ’snotfair，”theyoungmａｎsaid.“I’mａyｏungｍanoｆhumbleoriginswｈomadetwｅlvemiｌｌiｏnｄollaｒs．Isｕcceededeveｎbｅyonｄmydrｅam．”“Soｍeofthｏｓethingsyｏudiｄwiｔhｔheelｅcｔronicｓacqｕisiｔionｐrobablyｗｅｒｅn’tfａiｒeｉther,”hiswifeｓａｉd.“Fairiｓn’ｔbeiｎgmeaｓurｅdtｈｅsｅdａｙs.Ｗhatthｅymeａsuｒｅismoney．”“TheｎI(lǐng)’ｌlｇetmoremｏｎey,”tｈeyouｎｇmanｓaid.“I’mgoiｎgtｏｇobacktoＷａllStｒeetａndmakefiftymｉllｉoｎdolｌars.”Ｂutｂeｆoｒeｔｈeyoungmａｎcoｕlｄmａｋefｉfｔ