常用國(guó)際法詞匯

常用國(guó)際法詞匯Jusgentium萬(wàn)民法Lawofnations萬(wàn)國(guó)法PublicInternationallaw國(guó)際公法Oppenheim奧本海HugoGrotius胡果·格勞秀斯Universal//general//specialinternationallaw普遍/一般/特殊國(guó)際法Featuresofinternationallaw國(guó)際法的特征Naturesofinternationallaw國(guó)際法的性質(zhì)Internationalcomity國(guó)際禮讓codificationofinternationallaw國(guó)際法的編纂InternationalLawCommission（theILC）（聯(lián)合國(guó)）國(guó)際法委員會(huì)EffectsofIL國(guó)際法的效力Thebasisofinternationallaw國(guó)際法的效力根據(jù)Naturalists自然法學(xué)派Positivists實(shí)在法學(xué)派Gratians格老秀斯派（Compromiseschool“折中”學(xué)派）socialsolidarityschool社會(huì)連帶法學(xué)派normalism規(guī)范法學(xué)派theoryofpowerpolitics權(quán)力政治說(shuō)theoryofpolicy-oriented政策定向說(shuō)CongressofWestphalia威斯特伐利亞公會(huì)Martin丁韙良sourcesofinternationallaw國(guó)際法的淵源Internationalcustom國(guó)際習(xí)慣materialelement“物質(zhì)因素”psychologicalelement“心理因素”generalpractice通例Usage慣例opiniojuris“法律確信”resolutionsofinternationalorganizations國(guó)際組織的決議Generalprinciplesoflaw一般法律原則judicialdecisions司法判例Theteachings//writingsofpublicists公法學(xué)家學(xué)說(shuō)Contractualtreaty契約性條約Law-makingtreaty造法性條約ApplicationofIL國(guó)際法的適用Therelationshipbetweeninternationalanddomestic//municipallaw國(guó)際法與國(guó)內(nèi)法的關(guān)系Monism一元論Dualism二元論adoption//incorporation采納//納入transformation轉(zhuǎn)化（把國(guó)際法規(guī)則內(nèi)容制定為國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)則）國(guó)際法的基本原則Fundamentalprinciplesofinternationallawjuscogens強(qiáng)行法，亦稱強(qiáng)制規(guī)律peremptorynormSovereignty主權(quán)Principleofsovereignequality主權(quán)平等原則principleofnon-intervention不干內(nèi)政原則internalaffairs內(nèi)政matterswithindomesticjurisdiction國(guó)內(nèi)管轄之事件"Humanitarian"intervention“人道主義”干涉Principleofself-determination民族自決原則Thesubjectsofinternationallaw國(guó)際法主體Internationalpersonality國(guó)際人格者Permanentpopulation固定的居民Definedterritory確定的領(lǐng)土Government政府Unitarystate單一國(guó)Compositestates//unionofstates復(fù)合國(guó)//國(guó)家的聯(lián)合Dependentcountry附屬國(guó)Federation聯(lián)邦Confederation聯(lián)邦Permanentneutralizedstate永久中立國(guó)BritishCommonwealthofNations英聯(lián)邦FrenchCommunity法蘭西共同體Vassalstate附庸國(guó)Suzerainstate宗主國(guó)Protected//protectingstateFUNDAMENTALRIGHTSOFSTATES國(guó)家的基本權(quán)利Rightofindependence獨(dú)立權(quán)Rightofequality平等權(quán)Rightofself-defense自衛(wèi)權(quán)Rightofself-preservation自保權(quán)Rightofjurisdiction管轄權(quán)Territorialjurisdiction/jurisdictionbasedonresidence領(lǐng)域管轄/屬地管轄Personaljurisdiction/jurisdictionbasedoncitizenship屬人管轄/國(guó)籍管轄Protectivejurisdiction保護(hù)性管轄Universaljurisdiction普遍管轄Stateimmunity國(guó)家豁免權(quán)parinparemnonhabetimperium拉丁語(yǔ)，“平等者之間無(wú)管轄權(quán)”Thedoctrineofabsoluteimmunity絕對(duì)豁免原則Thedoctrineofrelativeorrestrictiveimmunity相對(duì)豁免原則RECOGNITIONANDSUCCESSIONrecognitionofstatesandgovernments國(guó)家和政府的承認(rèn)Statessuccession國(guó)家繼承territorialchange領(lǐng)土變更Unconstitutionalregimechange不合憲法的政權(quán)更迭Constitutivetheory構(gòu)成說(shuō)Declaratorytheory宣告說(shuō)Dejurerecognition法律上承認(rèn)Defactorecognition事實(shí)上承認(rèn)Effectivecontrol有效統(tǒng)治Principleofeffectiveness有效統(tǒng)治原則doctrineofnon-recognition不承認(rèn)主義，如，史汀生主義（theStimsondoctrine）Estradadoctrine艾斯特拉達(dá)主義——墨西哥的實(shí)踐Recognitionofnationalliberationmovement民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)組織的承認(rèn)Insurgentbody叛亂團(tuán)體Belligerentbody交戰(zhàn)團(tuán)體Personaltreaty人身?xiàng)l約dispositive//non-personaltreaties非人身?xiàng)l約Thecleans/platerule白板規(guī)則Stateproperty國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)Statedebt國(guó)家債務(wù)Localizedstatedebt地方化債務(wù)maliciousdebt“惡債”Statearchives國(guó)家檔案國(guó)際法律責(zé)任responsibilityininternationallawInternationallywrongfulacts國(guó)際不法行為internationalcrimes國(guó)際罪行subjectiveresponsibility主觀責(zé)任說(shuō)objectiveresponsibility客觀責(zé)任說(shuō)Imputability//attributability可歸責(zé)性或可歸因性limitationsofsovereignty限制主權(quán)restitution恢復(fù)原狀compensation賠償apology道歉liabilityforactsofinternationaldamage國(guó)際損害行為的責(zé)任activitiesnotprohibitedbyinternationallaw國(guó)際法不加禁止行為stateterritory國(guó)家領(lǐng)土Territory領(lǐng)土territorialsovereignty領(lǐng)土主權(quán)theacquisitionandchangeofterritory領(lǐng)土的取得與變更Occupation先占Terranullius無(wú)主地Effectiveoccupation有效占領(lǐng)Prescription時(shí)效Accretion添附Cession割讓Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票，又稱全民公決Self-determinationofpeoples民族自決condominium共管lease租借Sphereofinfluence勢(shì)力范圍Internationalservitude國(guó)際地役Boundaryandfrontier邊界與邊境AntarcticTreatySystem“南極條約體系”Thesectorprinciple扇形原則Thelawofthesea海洋法TheUNConventionontheLawoftheSea《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》Territorialsea領(lǐng)海Normalbaseline正?；€，亦稱“低潮線”thelowwaterlineStraightbaseline直線基線Innocentpassage無(wú)害通過(guò)ContiguousZone毗連區(qū)Exclusiveeconomiczone專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)（EEZ）Continentalshelf大陸架Transitpassage過(guò)境通行Internationalstraits國(guó)際海峽Transitpassage過(guò)境通行Archipelagicwaters群島水域Archipelagicbaselines群島基線freedomofthehighseas公海自由Flagsofconvenience方便旗Piracy海盜，海盜行為Rightofvisit登臨權(quán)Rightofhotpursuit緊追權(quán)Internationalseabedarea國(guó)際海底區(qū)域Commonheritageofmankind人類共同繼承財(cái)產(chǎn)Theparallelexploitationregime“平行開(kāi)發(fā)制”InternationalSeabedAuthority國(guó)際海底管理局Internationalairlaw國(guó)際航空法Airspace空氣空間Sovereigntyofterritorialairspace領(lǐng)空主權(quán)Stateaircraft國(guó)家航空器Civilaircraft民用航空器Scheduledflight定期飛行即航班飛行Non-scheduledflight不定期飛行即非航班飛行Hijacking空中劫持eitherextraditionorprosecutionprinciple或引渡或起訴OuterSpaceLaw外層空間法Outerspace外空Spacecraft航天器SpaceObjects空間物體Registrationsystem登記制度Theprincipleofstrictliability嚴(yán)格責(zé)任原則Theprincipleofliabilityfault過(guò)失責(zé)任原則Residentsofinternationallaw國(guó)際法上的居民Nationality國(guó)籍Originalnationality固有國(guó)籍或原始國(guó)籍Jussanguinis血統(tǒng)主義Jussoli出生地主義Acquirednationality繼有國(guó)籍Naturalization入籍，舊稱歸化Doublenationality雙重國(guó)籍Conflictofnationality國(guó)籍的抵觸//沖突Statelessness無(wú)國(guó)籍Diplomaticprotection外交保護(hù)Exhaustionoflocalremendies用盡當(dāng)?shù)鼐葷?jì)Passport護(hù)照Visa簽證Nationaltreatment國(guó)民待遇Most-favored-nation-treatment最惠國(guó)待遇Differentialtreatment差別待遇Reciprocaltreatment互惠待遇Preferentialtreatment優(yōu)惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extraditionofpoliticaloffender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇護(hù)Politicalrefuge政治避難Territorialasylum域內(nèi)庇護(hù)，亦稱“領(lǐng)土庇護(hù)”Extraterritorialasylum域外庇護(hù)Diplomaticasylum“外交庇護(hù)”Refugeeidentity難民身份Principleofnon-refoulement不推回原則DiplomaticandConsularRelationsLaw外交和領(lǐng)事關(guān)系法Diplomaticrelations外交關(guān)系Consul領(lǐng)事Consularrelations領(lǐng)事關(guān)系Mission/embassy使館Theheadofthemission使館館長(zhǎng)Ambassador大使Minister公使chargéd'affaires（法）代辦Personanongrata（拉）“不受歡迎的人”Unacceptableperson“不可接受的人”diplomaticprivilegesandimmunities外交特權(quán)與豁免Theoryofextra-territorialjurisdiction治外法權(quán)說(shuō)Theoryofpersonalrepresentation代表說(shuō)Theoryoffunctionalnecessity職務(wù)需要說(shuō)DiplomaticCorps外交團(tuán)SpecialMissions特別使團(tuán)ConsularPrivilegesandImmunities領(lǐng)事特權(quán)與豁免THELAWOFTREATIES國(guó)際條約法Bilateraltreaties雙邊條約Multilateraltreaties多邊條約Law-makingtreaty造法性條約Contractualtreaty契約性條約convention公//專約treaty條約agreement協(xié)定charter憲章covenant,statute盟約、規(guī)約(general//final)act(總//最后)文件(additional//final)protocol(附加//最后)議定書(shū)exchangeofnotes換文memorandumofunderstanding諒解備忘錄declaration宣言jointdeclaration//statement聯(lián)合聲明jointcommunique聯(lián)合公報(bào)constitution組織章程arrangement補(bǔ)充協(xié)定treaty-makingcapacity締約能力treaty-makingpower締約權(quán)conclusionandentryintoforceoftreaties條約的締結(jié)和生效negotiation談判initiating草簽authentication認(rèn)證(full)signature簽署sanctionoftreaty核準(zhǔn)ratification,acceptance,approval批準(zhǔn)、接受、贊同fullrepresentative全權(quán)代表fullpower全權(quán)證書(shū)accession加入reservation保留pactasuntservanda約定必須信守（拉?。゛pplicationandinterpretationoftreaties適用與解釋條約amendment,termination,suspen-sionofoperation條約的修改、終止與停止執(zhí)行invalidityoftreaties條約的無(wú)效amendment/modification修正/改provisionalapplication暫時(shí)適用materialbreach重大違約fundamentalchangeofcircumstances情勢(shì)根本變更PEACEFULSETTLEMENTOFINTERNATIONALDISPUTES國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端法theprincipleofpeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputesjusticiable//non-justiciabledispute可裁判的//不可裁判的爭(zhēng)端amicable//compulsivesettlement和諧//強(qiáng)迫解決方法Politicalmethods//legalmethodsofsettlements政治//法律解決方法retortion反報(bào)reprisals報(bào)復(fù)pacificblockade平時(shí)封鎖negotiation談判consultation協(xié)商inquiry//investigation調(diào)查goodoffices斡旋mediation調(diào)停conciliation和解ThePermanentCourtofArbitration常設(shè)仲裁法院judicialsettlement司法解決PermanentCourtofInternationalJustice國(guó)際常設(shè)法院InternationalCourtofJustice國(guó)際法院Independentjudges獨(dú)立法官Judgeadhoc“專案法官”或“特別法官”（specialjudge）Contentiousjurisdiction訴訟管轄權(quán)Advisoryjurisdiction咨詢管轄權(quán)Voluntaryjurisdiction自愿管轄Conventionaljurisdiction協(xié)定管轄Optionalcompulsoryjurisdiction任意強(qiáng)制管轄I(yíng)nstitutionofproceedings起訴written//oralproceedings書(shū)面//口頭程序memorial訴狀counter-memorial反訴狀regionalagenciesorarrangements區(qū)域機(jī)關(guān)和區(qū)域辦法國(guó)際組織法LeagueofNations（國(guó)際聯(lián)盟）UnitedNations（UN）聯(lián)合國(guó)ThepurposesandprinciplesoftheUnitedNations聯(lián)合國(guó)的