常用國際法詞匯

常用國際法詞匯Jusgentium萬民法Lawofnations萬國法PublicInternationallaw國際公法Oppenheim奧本海HugoGrotius胡果·格勞秀斯Universal//general//specialinternationallaw普遍/一般/特殊國際法Featuresofinternationallaw國際法的特征Naturesofinternationallaw國際法的性質Internationalcomity國際禮讓codificationofinternationallaw國際法的編纂InternationalLawCommission（theILC）（聯合國）國際法委員會EffectsofIL國際法的效力Thebasisofinternationallaw國際法的效力根據Naturalists自然法學派Positivists實在法學派Gratians格老秀斯派（Compromiseschool“折中”學派）socialsolidarityschool社會連帶法學派normalism規(guī)范法學派theoryofpowerpolitics權力政治說theoryofpolicy-oriented政策定向說CongressofWestphalia威斯特伐利亞公會Martin丁韙良sourcesofinternationallaw國際法的淵源Internationalcustom國際習慣materialelement“物質因素”psychologicalelement“心理因素”generalpractice通例Usage慣例opiniojuris“法律確信”resolutionsofinternationalorganizations國際組織的決議Generalprinciplesoflaw一般法律原則judicialdecisions司法判例Theteachings//writingsofpublicists公法學家學說Contractualtreaty契約性條約Law-makingtreaty造法性條約ApplicationofIL國際法的適用Therelationshipbetweeninternationalanddomestic//municipallaw國際法與國內法的關系Monism一元論Dualism二元論adoption//incorporation采納//納入transformation轉化（把國際法規(guī)則內容制定為國內法規(guī)則）國際法的基本原則Fundamentalprinciplesofinternationallawjuscogens強行法，亦稱強制規(guī)律peremptorynormSovereignty主權Principleofsovereignequality主權平等原則principleofnon-intervention不干內政原則internalaffairs內政matterswithindomesticjurisdiction國內管轄之事件"Humanitarian"intervention“人道主義”干涉Principleofself-determination民族自決原則Thesubjectsofinternationallaw國際法主體Internationalpersonality國際人格者Permanentpopulation固定的居民Definedterritory確定的領土Government政府Unitarystate單一國Compositestates//unionofstates復合國//國家的聯合Dependentcountry附屬國Federation聯邦Confederation聯邦Permanentneutralizedstate永久中立國BritishCommonwealthofNations英聯邦FrenchCommunity法蘭西共同體Vassalstate附庸國Suzerainstate宗主國Protected//protectingstateFUNDAMENTALRIGHTSOFSTATES國家的基本權利Rightofindependence獨立權Rightofequality平等權Rightofself-defense自衛(wèi)權Rightofself-preservation自保權Rightofjurisdiction管轄權Territorialjurisdiction/jurisdictionbasedonresidence領域管轄/屬地管轄Personaljurisdiction/jurisdictionbasedoncitizenship屬人管轄/國籍管轄Protectivejurisdiction保護性管轄Universaljurisdiction普遍管轄Stateimmunity國家豁免權parinparemnonhabetimperium拉丁語，“平等者之間無管轄權”Thedoctrineofabsoluteimmunity絕對豁免原則Thedoctrineofrelativeorrestrictiveimmunity相對豁免原則RECOGNITIONANDSUCCESSIONrecognitionofstatesandgovernments國家和政府的承認Statessuccession國家繼承territorialchange領土變更Unconstitutionalregimechange不合憲法的政權更迭Constitutivetheory構成說Declaratorytheory宣告說Dejurerecognition法律上承認Defactorecognition事實上承認Effectivecontrol有效統治Principleofeffectiveness有效統治原則doctrineofnon-recognition不承認主義，如，史汀生主義（theStimsondoctrine）Estradadoctrine艾斯特拉達主義——墨西哥的實踐Recognitionofnationalliberationmovement民族解放運動組織的承認Insurgentbody叛亂團體Belligerentbody交戰(zhàn)團體Personaltreaty人身條約dispositive//non-personaltreaties非人身條約Thecleans/platerule白板規(guī)則Stateproperty國家財產Statedebt國家債務Localizedstatedebt地方化債務maliciousdebt“惡債”Statearchives國家檔案國際法律責任responsibilityininternationallawInternationallywrongfulacts國際不法行為internationalcrimes國際罪行subjectiveresponsibility主觀責任說objectiveresponsibility客觀責任說Imputability//attributability可歸責性或可歸因性limitationsofsovereignty限制主權restitution恢復原狀compensation賠償apology道歉liabilityforactsofinternationaldamage國際損害行為的責任activitiesnotprohibitedbyinternationallaw國際法不加禁止行為stateterritory國家領土Territory領土territorialsovereignty領土主權theacquisitionandchangeofterritory領土的取得與變更Occupation先占Terranullius無主地Effectiveoccupation有效占領Prescription時效Accretion添附Cession割讓Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票，又稱全民公決Self-determinationofpeoples民族自決condominium共管lease租借Sphereofinfluence勢力范圍Internationalservitude國際地役Boundaryandfrontier邊界與邊境AntarcticTreatySystem“南極條約體系”Thesectorprinciple扇形原則Thelawofthesea海洋法TheUNConventionontheLawoftheSea《聯合國海洋法公約》Territorialsea領海Normalbaseline正?；€，亦稱“低潮線”thelowwaterlineStraightbaseline直線基線Innocentpassage無害通過ContiguousZone毗連區(qū)Exclusiveeconomiczone專屬經濟區(qū)（EEZ）Continentalshelf大陸架Transitpassage過境通行Internationalstraits國際海峽Transitpassage過境通行Archipelagicwaters群島水域Archipelagicbaselines群島基線freedomofthehighseas公海自由Flagsofconvenience方便旗Piracy海盜，海盜行為Rightofvisit登臨權Rightofhotpursuit緊追權Internationalseabedarea國際海底區(qū)域Commonheritageofmankind人類共同繼承財產Theparallelexploitationregime“平行開發(fā)制”InternationalSeabedAuthority國際海底管理局Internationalairlaw國際航空法Airspace空氣空間Sovereigntyofterritorialairspace領空主權Stateaircraft國家航空器Civilaircraft民用航空器Scheduledflight定期飛行即航班飛行Non-scheduledflight不定期飛行即非航班飛行Hijacking空中劫持eitherextraditionorprosecutionprinciple或引渡或起訴OuterSpaceLaw外層空間法Outerspace外空Spacecraft航天器SpaceObjects空間物體Registrationsystem登記制度Theprincipleofstrictliability嚴格責任原則Theprincipleofliabilityfault過失責任原則Residentsofinternationallaw國際法上的居民Nationality國籍Originalnationality固有國籍或原始國籍Jussanguinis血統主義Jussoli出生地主義Acquirednationality繼有國籍Naturalization入籍，舊稱歸化Doublenationality雙重國籍Conflictofnationality國籍的抵觸//沖突Statelessness無國籍Diplomaticprotection外交保護Exhaustionoflocalremendies用盡當地救濟Passport護照Visa簽證Nationaltreatment國民待遇Most-favored-nation-treatment最惠國待遇Differentialtreatment差別待遇Reciprocaltreatment互惠待遇Preferentialtreatment優(yōu)惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extraditionofpoliticaloffender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇護Politicalrefuge政治避難Territorialasylum域內庇護，亦稱“領土庇護”Extraterritorialasylum域外庇護Diplomaticasylum“外交庇護”Refugeeidentity難民身份Principleofnon-refoulement不推回原則DiplomaticandConsularRelationsLaw外交和領事關系法Diplomaticrelations外交關系Consul領事Consularrelations領事關系Mission/embassy使館Theheadofthemission使館館長Ambassador大使Minister公使chargéd'affaires（法）代辦Personanongrata（拉）“不受歡迎的人”Unacceptableperson“不可接受的人”diplomaticprivilegesandimmunities外交特權與豁免Theoryofextra-territorialjurisdiction治外法權說Theoryofpersonalrepresentation代表說Theoryoffunctionalnecessity職務需要說DiplomaticCorps外交團SpecialMissions特別使團ConsularPrivilegesandImmunities領事特權與豁免THELAWOFTREATIES國際條約法Bilateraltreaties雙邊條約Multilateraltreaties多邊條約Law-makingtreaty造法性條約Contractualtreaty契約性條約convention公//專約treaty條約agreement協定charter憲章covenant,statute盟約、規(guī)約(general//final)act(總//最后)文件(additional//final)protocol(附加//最后)議定書exchangeofnotes換文memorandumofunderstanding諒解備忘錄declaration宣言jointdeclaration//statement聯合聲明jointcommunique聯合公報constitution組織章程arrangement補充協定treaty-makingcapacity締約能力treaty-makingpower締約權conclusionandentryintoforceoftreaties條約的締結和生效negotiation談判initiating草簽authentication認證(full)signature簽署sanctionoftreaty核準ratification,acceptance,approval批準、接受、贊同fullrepresentative全權代表fullpower全權證書accession加入reservation保留pactasuntservanda約定必須信守（拉丁）applicationandinterpretationoftreaties適用與解釋條約amendment,termination,suspen-sionofoperation條約的修改、終止與停止執(zhí)行invalidityoftreaties條約的無效amendment/modification修正/改provisionalapplication暫時適用materialbreach重大違約fundamentalchangeofcircumstances情勢根本變更PEACEFULSETTLEMENTOFINTERNATIONALDISPUTES國際爭端法theprincipleofpeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputesjusticiable//non-justiciabledispute可裁判的//不可裁判的爭端amicable//compulsivesettlement和諧//強迫解決方法Politicalmethods//legalmethodsofsettlements政治//法律解決方法retortion反報reprisals報復pacificblockade平時封鎖negotiation談判consultation協商inquiry//investigation調查goodoffices斡旋mediation調停conciliation和解ThePermanentCourtofArbitration常設仲裁法院judicialsettlement司法解決PermanentCourtofInternationalJustice國際常設法院InternationalCourtofJustice國際法院Independentjudges獨立法官Judgeadhoc“專案法官”或“特別法官”（specialjudge）Contentiousjurisdiction訴訟管轄權Advisoryjurisdiction咨詢管轄權Voluntaryjurisdiction自愿管轄Conventionaljurisdiction協定管轄Optionalcompulsoryjurisdiction任意強制管轄Institutionofproceedings起訴written//oralproceedings書面//口頭程序memorial訴狀counter-memorial反訴狀regionalagenciesorarrangements區(qū)域機關和區(qū)域辦法國際組織法LeagueofNations（國際聯盟）UnitedNations（UN）聯合國ThepurposesandprinciplesoftheUnitedNations聯合國的