2019屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解七選五專題 從空格在段中位置思考 (二)-因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、例證關(guān)系

2019屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解七選五專題從空格在段中位置思考（二）——因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、例證關(guān)系隕題感邑i么考?怎么解四、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系解題［典例］（2017?北京高考片段）Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing加（強(qiáng)）connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.A．Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.E．That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.［解析］選E此題從行文邏輯上判斷屬因果關(guān)系?？涨耙痪涞囊馑际?，有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，睡眠有助于增強(qiáng)新的記憶，選項(xiàng)E（那就是為什么學(xué)生如果能在學(xué)習(xí)之后有機(jī)會(huì)睡覺的話，他們就會(huì)在考試中發(fā)揮更好）是上文產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。該項(xiàng)中的That指代的就是前面的觀點(diǎn)，因此正確答案為E。［增分技巧］表示因果關(guān)系的詞有:so/therefore,thus,consequently（結(jié)果）,asaresult（of）,so/such...that...,sothat...等。五、根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解題［典例］（2018?全國(guó)卷I片段）Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatther'erereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.A．WhileallofthemareusefulC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor［解析］選A此題屬轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前句講的是“有幾種技巧幫助設(shè)計(jì)者”，空后句意為“它們會(huì)有一點(diǎn)復(fù)雜”，顯然前后句意有“轉(zhuǎn)折”，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。［增分技巧］表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的詞有：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而），still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等。六、根據(jù)例證關(guān)系解題［典例］（2016?全國(guó)卷I片段）Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”B．Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.［解析］選E本題采用的思維方式是演繹（從觀點(diǎn)到例子），空格后的句子是例子，即“Forexample,thefirstlettersof'Myelephanteatstoomanyeels'spelloutthehiddenmessage'Meetme.'”。故選E項(xiàng)。［增分技巧］例證關(guān)系表示前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）常見的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。［小結(jié)］上下文邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)句是對(duì)段落中的細(xì)節(jié)信息的考查，屬于句子與句子間的邏輯順序的排列。做此類試題要注意文章的語(yǔ)句間的組合，一是要判斷語(yǔ)句間的邏輯意義關(guān)系：并列、順承、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、例證等關(guān)系。二是借助句子之間的連接性詞語(yǔ)來(lái)把握，因?yàn)檫B接性詞語(yǔ)能表明這個(gè)語(yǔ)段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系。鋪陰影的題目為段中邏輯關(guān)系題Canwebereallyhappyandcontentwithourlife?Actually,werarelycomeacrossapersonwhocanclaimtobeperfectlycontentwithwhathehas.Weallwishtohavemorethanwhatwealreadyhave.]Soonwewouldwantsomethingmoreorsomethingdifferent.Whyarehumansneversatisfied?Oneofthereasonsiscomparingwithothers.Whencomparingourselveswithothers,wetendtorarelyfocusonourownuniquetalentsandabilities,orwhatwealreadyhave.2CuriositycanalsomakeusnotsatisfiedwithourlifebecauseitmakesuspaymoreattentiontothingswedoNtknowaboutordoNthave._3Thus,weneverfeelcompletelycontent.4Weenjoyanythingthat'sunexplored.Agoodchangeinourlifedoeskeepuphappyforsometime,butsoontheunavoidableboredomjumpsin,andonceagainwewishforsomemorechangesinlife,whichkeepsusdissatisfiedwithourlife.Thoughhumanscanneverreallybecompletelycontent,wecanbemuchmoresatisfiedwithourselvesifwetrytodeterminehowmuchisenoughtokeepourselveshappy,andlimitourselvestothepursuit（追求）ofonlythatmuch.5AsaresuIt,wecanfinallymakeourselvesmorecontent.Inaddition,it'sbettertoliveinthepresentmomentanddothingswereallywanttodo.A．Humancuriosityisadoubleedgedsword.B．Weneverfeelcontentalsobecausewewanttochange.C．Wedosomanythingsjusttoimproveother'sopinionsaboutus.D．Wealwayswanttofindoutmoreaboutwhatwearen'tfamiliarwith.E．Butevenifallourwishescametrue,thesatisfactionwouldn'tlastaverylongtime.F．Sowetendtobecomeunhappy,thinkingaboutwhatothershavebutwedonothave.G．Settingupachievablegoalscankeepusawayfromdisappointmentsandregrets.「__語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是二篇說明文。文章分析了人們不滿足的原因，爭(zhēng)提出了二］!些如何讓我們保持快樂、滿足的建議。！」-一1「選亍上二句說“我們都想擁有更多”，本空緊接著說“即使是所有的愿」望都實(shí)現(xiàn)了，滿足感也不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，前后句之間是句意上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選F“當(dāng)我們與別人作比較時(shí)，就很少注意自己獨(dú)特的才能”，這樣的結(jié)果就是“我們變得沮喪，開始想別人擁有我們卻沒有的東西”。選D本空進(jìn)一步闡述“好奇心會(huì)讓我們對(duì)自己的生活不滿意”。選B從下一句的內(nèi)容“我們都喜歡未探索過的事情”以及“Agoodchange...”可知，我們不滿足還因?yàn)槲覀兿胍淖儭?．選G本空是對(duì)前面一句的總結(jié)：設(shè)立一個(gè)可以達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，我們就不會(huì)有那么多的失望和懊悔。BBeingmindfulisthepracticeofactivelypayingattentionandmakingtheefforttobepurposelyawareofyoursurroundingsandthepeoplewithwhomyoucommunicate.Becomingmoremindfulneedsalotofpracticeanditisn'tsomethingthathappensovernight.6?Slowdown.Deadlinesareeverywhere,andmanyofusfeellikeweneedtohurrythrougheachthinginordertoexperiencethenext.Thetruthisthatmovingtoofastleavesusopentomistakes,bothpersonallyandprofessionally.7Slowdownandpayattentiontowhatyouaredoing.Youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulandalsofindmoreenjoyment.?Beaware.8Considerthepeopleyouseeandwhattheyaredoing,thesmellsthatsurroundyou,andthesoundsthatyouhear.Itseemsbasic,

butthisiswhereyouarerightnow.Haveyoureallynoticedalltheaspectsofyourpresentexperience??Thinkdeeplyinsilence.Theactofquietingyourmindisapowerfulwaytogaincontrolandfocus.9Afewminutesadayisenoughtoallowyoutofeelcenteredandcalm.Wemovefasteachdayandfeelitnecessaryto“getitalldone”，somanyofusfindourselvesstressedandanxious.10Measuringeachdaybyhowmanythingsyouhavefinishedonyourlistisn'ttrulyliving.A．Thisdoesn'thavetotakelong.B．Checkoutthesetipsforwaystogetstarted.C．Theartofbeingmindfulisbeinglostquickly.D．Atdifferentpointsinyourday,stopandjustlookaround.E．Wecan'tpossiblyfullyenjoythepresentmomentinthisway.F．Andexperiencesthathappeninarusharenotfullyexperienced.G．Bybeingmindful,wecanfocusonthethingsmakinglifeworthliving.篇說明文。每天人們似乎總是急于把事情做完，因此對(duì)篇說明文。每天人們似乎總是急于把事情做完，因此對(duì)|當(dāng)下周圍的人和事不夠?qū)Ｗⅰ１疚慕o出了幾條建議幫助我們靜下心來(lái)留意經(jīng)歷過||的每件事情。|一_6「選本空引「出下文的內(nèi)蓉。下文介紹了如何在生活中做二個(gè)有心乏人。一選F根據(jù)上一句中的“Thetruthisthatmovingtoofastleavesus...”可知，太匆忙會(huì)讓我們出錯(cuò)，并且匆忙中得來(lái)的體驗(yàn)并不能被充分地感受到。這兩句共同說明匆忙的不利之處。因此下一句內(nèi)容告訴我們要慢下來(lái)，專注于當(dāng)下做的事情。選D下一句內(nèi)容舉例說明我們要留意周圍的事情，因此本空是說在一天中的不同時(shí)刻，停下來(lái)，向四周望望。選A根據(jù)下一句“Afewminutesadayisenough"可知，冥想并不會(huì)花費(fèi)我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，一天中只花幾分鐘的時(shí)間用來(lái)冥想就足以使我們保持集中和冷靜。選GG項(xiàng)意為：保持留心使得我們能集中精力做那些讓我們的生活更

有意義的事。本空與下句構(gòu)成對(duì)比，都提到了living。Competitionisallaroundus.It'sresponsibleforbringingthebestoutofpeopleandenablingustosurviveafastpacedworld.11Sometimesweseeyoungboyscryingbecausetheirteamslostininterschooltournaments.Sometimeswefindyoungteenagerslieandcheatjusttowin.12Soit'simportanttodevelophealthycompetitioninchildren.Whenitcomestoencouraginghealthycompetitioninkids,thefirstthingtodoissetgoalsforthemtoworktowards.13Ifyouburdenthemwithtoohighagoaltheycan'tachieve;they'llloseconfidence.Inaddition,childrenmaybeeasilyaffectedbywrongideasfrompopularmedia.14Sportsmanshipandteamspiritwillhelpthemgrowintosoundhumanbeingswhoaren'teasilyannoyedbysmalllossesortooexcitedbyvietories.Theymayalsodislikecheatingorlying.Sogivetheexampleswhereoneofthefamilymembersrefusedtocheattowin.15Aftertheytakeanexam,don'taskabouthowmuchtheyexpecttoscore;instead,askwhattheywroteabout.Ifyoursonplayedabasketballmatchatschool,don'taskhimwhetherhisteamwonorlost;askhimhowmanyscoreshegotandencouragehimtoscorehighe