初中英語 數(shù)詞

第四講數(shù)詞第一部分：數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目；序數(shù)詞表示順序。考點一基數(shù)詞0?12：各自獨立的單詞，要單獨記。one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。13?19:在個位數(shù)或個位數(shù)變形后的詞尾加'teen。thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen。20?99：逢十在個位數(shù)或個位數(shù)變形后的詞尾加'ty；表示“幾十幾”時，在幾十和個位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞之間加連字符。twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety，twenty-one；ninety-nine。101?999:整百用1?9的基礎詞加hundred表示，幾百幾十或幾百幾十幾，先說幾百，再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或個位數(shù)。onehundredandone，twohundredandthirty-eight。1000以上的數(shù)：先將數(shù)字從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號隔開，從右往左依次讀作thousand（千）million（百萬）、billion（十億），逗號中間的數(shù)字按三位數(shù)讀。hundred，thousand，million，billion在表示確切的數(shù)字時，不能使用其復數(shù)形式；在表示不確切的數(shù)字時，如成百上千、成千上萬，可以使用其復數(shù)形式，且要與of連用，其前可以用afew,many，several等修飾。Thecomputeronlycostmetwothousandyuan.這臺電腦僅花了我2000元。Therearethousandsofpeopleinthehall.大廳里有成千上萬人?；鶖?shù)詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、表語或同位語。Thethreehappilygotothemuseum.那三個人高興地向博物館走去。（作主語）Tomhasfourapples.Ihavefive.湯姆有4個蘋果，我有5個。（作賓語）Sixboysareplayingbasketballontheplayground.六個男孩正在操場上打籃球。（作定語）Mybrotherisseven.我弟弟七歲了。（作表語）Theytwotriedtofinishtheworkintheshortesttime.他們兩個試圖在最短的時間內完成工作。（作同位語）【典例精析】（）1.—Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?—Aboutfour.A.hundredsofB.hundredC.hundreds（）2.TheearthquakeinYa'anleftpeoplehomeless.A.twothousandsB.thousandsofC.twothousandsofD.twothousandof考點二序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞一般由與之相對應的基數(shù)詞加'th構成，個別特殊形式的需要單獨記；20以上的序數(shù)詞僅最后一個詞為序數(shù)詞形式，其他的詞還是基數(shù)詞形式。first，second，third，fourth，fifth，sixth，twenty-seventh，thirty-eighth，forty-ninth?；鶖?shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾要加-th；—二三，特殊記，詞尾分別tdd（first，second，third）；八去t，九去e，ve要用f替；-ty變作-tie，再加-th莫忘記；若遇幾十幾，只變個位就可以。序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the，但是其前面也可以加不定冠詞a或an,表示“又一，再”的意思，內含順序性。Hisfatherhashadtwocars,butnowhe'sgoingtobuyathirdone.他爸爸已經(jīng)有兩輛車了，現(xiàn)在準備買第三輛。注意：當序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞時，不再用定冠詞the。序數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、表語或定語。Thefirstisthemostimportant.第一個是最重要的。（作主語）Theyfoundthesecondquickly.他們很快就找到了第二個。（作賓語）Shewasthethirdintheexam.她考試得了第三名。（作表語）Weallagreedwiththesecondplan.我們都同意第二個方案。（作定語）注意：為了書寫的便利，序數(shù)詞在拼寫時常用阿拉伯數(shù)字加該詞詞尾的最后兩個字母表示。third=3rdtwenty-fifth=25th【典例精析】（）1.Susanlivesonthefloorandweareneighbors.A.fourB.fourthC.fourteenD.forty（）2.Tomanyforeigners,Guangzhouhasbecometheirhometown.A.twoB.secondC.thesecond（）3.Tofinishthetask,we'vetriedthreetimes,andafterdinnerwe'lltrytime.A.thefourthB.afourthC.fourthD.four（）4.Mymotherboughtmeasweaterformybirthday.A.twelfthB.twelveC.thetwelfth考點三分數(shù)、百分數(shù)及小數(shù)□?分數(shù)的表示法與讀法分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時，分母用復數(shù)形式。先讀分子，再讀分母。分數(shù)的幾種特殊讀法：1/2讀作ahalf1/4讀作onefourth或aquarter3/4讀作threefourths或threequarters分數(shù)前有整數(shù)時，整數(shù)和分數(shù)之間要用and來連接。如果分數(shù)中含有1/2有如下表達法：“基數(shù)詞+and+ahalf+名詞復數(shù)”或“基數(shù)詞+名詞（單數(shù)/復數(shù)）+and+ahalf”。twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf注意：“半杯/瓶/籃子”通常用“halfan/a…”來表示。halfabasketofapples半籃蘋果halfabottleofhoney半瓶蜂蜜□?百分數(shù)的表示法百分數(shù)通常用“基數(shù)詞+percent”來表示。常構成短語“基數(shù)詞+percentof”。注意：分數(shù)或百分數(shù)作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)通常由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)后面的名詞而定：分數(shù)或百分數(shù)后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；分數(shù)或百分數(shù)后面的名詞為可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。TwofifthsofthewaterinthebottlewasbedrunkbyTom.湯姆喝了瓶子里2/5的水。OnethirdofthestudentsinmyclassarefromCanada.我們班1/3的學生來自加拿大?！?小數(shù)的表示法及讀法小數(shù)點前后的數(shù)字都要用基數(shù)詞表示。小數(shù)點讀作point，小數(shù)點前的數(shù)字按照普通基數(shù)詞讀，小數(shù)點后的數(shù)字需一一讀出。1.5讀作onepointfive13.78讀作thirteenpointseveneight【典例精析】（）1.There'remanystudentsinourschool.ofthemgirls.A.Onethird;isB.Onethird;areC.Twothirds;is（）2.It'ssaidthatofthewateraroundtheworldpolluted.A.twothird;hasB.twothirds;haveC.twothird;areD.twothirds;is（）3.Forbreakfast，Iusuallyhaveandtwopiecesofbread.A.acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcup考點四時間表示法□?年份的表示法及讀法一般情況下，年份直接用數(shù)字表示。讀的時候，將表示年份的四個數(shù)字按前后分為兩組，每組的數(shù)字按基數(shù)詞讀。1980讀作nineteeneighty如果年份的前兩個數(shù)字為非“零”數(shù)字，后兩位數(shù)字都為“零”，則先讀出前兩位數(shù)，然后將后面的兩個“零”讀為hundred。1600讀作sixteenhundred第三個數(shù)字為“零”（其他數(shù)字不是“零”）的年份，將“零”讀為Oo1808讀作eighteenOeight4?千年的一些讀法2000讀作twothousand2010讀作twothousandandten□.日期的表示法及讀法英語中的日期，可以用“月、日、年”的順序表示，即“月份+序數(shù)詞/基數(shù)詞+年份”；也可以用“日、月、年”的順序表示，即“基數(shù)詞+月份+年”。需要注意的是，日期讀的時候只能按照序數(shù)詞來讀。December25（th）,1997讀作Decemberthetwenty-fifthnineteenninetyseven7May,1983讀作Maytheseventhnineteeneightythree□.年代的表示方法年代用數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式表示。inthe1980s二十世紀八十年代注意:表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式還可以用來表示人的歲數(shù)，其結構為“inone's+數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式”。inhisforties在他四十多歲的時候□.時刻的讀法順讀法:小時和分鐘數(shù)依次讀。3:25讀作threetwenty-five。倒讀法：分鐘在前，小時在后，中間加介詞to或past。前半個小時用“分鐘數(shù)+past+已過鐘點數(shù)”；后半個小時用“（60'分鐘數(shù)）+to+下一個鐘點數(shù)”。3:25讀作twenty-fivepastthree3:55讀作fivetofour特殊讀法:30分鐘=half；15分鐘=aquarter；45分鐘=threequarters。3:30讀作halfpastthree或threethirty3:15讀作aquarterpastthree或threefifteen或fifteenpastthree3:45讀作aquartertofour或threefortyfive或fifteentofour【典例精析】（）1.AboutofthestudentsinGradeNinethisyearwereborninthe.A.threefive;1996B.threefifths;1990sC.thirdfifth;1997D.thirdfifths;1990s（）2.—Hurryup!It's.We'reaskedtofinishitby5o'clock.Youmeanwe'veonlygot20minutesleft.A.5:20B.4:20C.4:40D.5:40考點五編號表示法the+序數(shù)詞+名詞thefourthpage第4頁名詞+基數(shù)詞（名詞和基數(shù)詞的首字母都要大寫）RoomTwenty20房間No.+基數(shù)詞+名詞No.5Bus5路公共汽車【典例精析】（）1.Theyarethestudentsof.A.grade7B.Grade7C.7thgradeD.Grade7th（）2.—Whatshouldwedonow,Mr.Clark?PleaseturntoPageandlookatthepicture.A.Twelve;fifthB.Twelfth;fifthC.Twelve;fiveD.Twelfth;five考點六倍數(shù)、年齡、長、寬及重量等的表示法倍數(shù)的表達：“一倍”用once表示，“兩倍”用twice表示，兩倍以上用“數(shù)詞+times”表示。年齡、長及寬等的表示方法：基數(shù)詞+表示度量的詞[year(s)/meter(s)/kilometer(s)/kilo(s)/+形容詞(long/wide/high/deep)]。threeyearsold3歲twometerstall2米高tenmeterslong10米長onemeterdeep1米長注意：表示某人多少歲的生日，往往用序數(shù)詞。onherforty'thirdbirthday在她43歲生日時“數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞”可以構成復合形容詞，詞與詞之間需用連字符連接。這樣的形容詞只能作定語，并且里面的名詞總是用單數(shù)，末尾的形容詞可以省略。athree-month-longvacation3個月的假期athree-year-oldboy一個3歲的男孩【典例精析】()1.Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistenwespeak.A.astwicemuchasB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchastwiceD.asmuchtwiceas()2.一Howoldisyourdaughter?一.Wehadaspecialpartyforherbirthdayyesterday.A.Nine;nineB.Nine;ninthC.Ninth;ninth考點七數(shù)詞和冠詞的關系序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the；但基數(shù)詞前不加冠詞。Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.星期天是一周的第一天?！癮/an+序數(shù)詞”表示“又一，再一”。Hefailedtwice,buthetriedathirdtime.他失敗了兩次，但他又嘗試了一次?！皁fthe+基數(shù)詞”表示范圍。Sheisthetallestgirlofthethree.她是三個女孩中個子最高的。4?序數(shù)詞前已有指示代詞、物主代詞或every時，不再用定冠詞。ThisismyfirsttriptoHongKong.這是我第一次到香港旅行。序數(shù)詞與名詞構成的復合名詞前不用定冠詞。asecond-handcar一輛二手汽車序數(shù)詞用作副詞時，前面不用定冠詞。Hecameoutfirstinthecompetition.他在比賽中得了第一名。在一些由序數(shù)詞構成的固定詞組中不用定冠詞。atfirst起先fromfirsttolast自始至終firstofall首先secondtonone首屈一指，最佳的學以致用：一、漢譯英1.兩個半小時2.22路公交車成千上萬的4.2000米長5.201房間二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子Hebecameasuperstar(在他30多歲時).Thestoryhappenedon(2013年3月9日).Mr.Readlivedonthe(12樓).Themeetingwillbeginat(8點40分).(50英里)notalongdistance.Janewas(第八)intheline.課后家庭作業(yè)：一、單項選擇。()1．ThegovernmentofQinghaiisbuildingcheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()2．—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!Itwasmygrandfather'sbirthday.Weenjoyedourselves.A．seventyB．seventiethC．theseventiethD．seventeenth()3．—Howmuchisthenewcar?—Abouteightyyuan.A．thousandB．thousandsofC.thousandsD.thousandof()4．—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?—Thereareforty-fivestudents.Onethirdofthemaregirls.areboys.A．ThreefifthsB．TwothirdsC．ThreefourthsD．Ahalf()5．ofhisworkswerewritteninhis.A．Onethird;fiftiesB．Onethird;fiftyC.Onethirds;fifties()6．—Whatdoesthefreshjuicecontain?—ofthejuiceorange.It'sverypure.A．Fourfifth;areB．Fourfifths;areC．Fourfifth;isD．Fourfifths;is()7．Mayisthemonthofayear.A．fiftyB．fifteenC．fifthD．five()8．Somescientiststhinkthatitwilltakeofyearstomakerobotsdomostworkforhumans.A．hundredsB．hundredC．thousand()9．ThevolunteerssentbookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren'sDay.A．twohundredsofB．twohundredofC．twohundredsD．twohundred()10．Hewrotehisnovelwhenhewas.A．five；fiftiesB．fifth；fiftyC．fifth；fiftieth()11．—OurschoolisgoingtoholdtheCultureFestival.—Isee.Andwecantakepartinactivities.A．tenth；tenthB．ten；tenthC．tenth；tenD．ten；ten()12．Theactionfilmhasattractedmillionsofyoungpeopletothecinema.A．130-minuteB．130-minutesC．130minuteD．130minutes()13.Kateisgirl.She'sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen—years-old()14.Tofinishthetask,we'vetriedthreetimes,andafterdinnerwe'lltrytime.A.thefourthB.afourthC.fourthD.four()15．—Let'sgotothebookstoreathalfpastninetomorrowmorning．一It'stoolate.Let'smakeit.A.aquartertonineB.twentytotenC.aquartertoten()16.It'ssaidthatofthewateraroundtheworldpolluted.A.twothird;hasB.twothirds;haveC.twothird;areD.twothirds;is()17.studentstookthecollegeentranceexamontimethemorningofJune7thinSouthChina,thoughitrainedheavily.A.Thousandsof;inB.Manythousands;onC.Thousandsof;on()18.一Haveyoufinishedyourtoday'swork?一No,Ineed.A.twoanotherhoursB.anothertwohoursC.moretwohoursD.twootherhours二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空Nineplusthree(make)twelve.Veryfew(know)hisaddressinthetown.Thestudentsinourschool(have)anEnglishdictionary.Inthecountry,therich(become)richer;thepoor,poorer.Thepairofshoes(be)wornout.Theenvironmenthereisbetternowandthere(be)lesspullution.Thewholeclass(be)greatlymovedathiswords.There(be)somepolicearoundhere.Nooneexcepttwostudents(be)lateforthemeeting.Allbuthimandme(be)goingtotheexhibition.三、完型填空。FarleyworkedfortheCanadiangovernment.Oneday,hewas__1__tolearnmoreaboutwolves.Dowolveskilllotsofcaribou(北美馴鹿)？Dotheykillpeople?Theygavehimlotsoffoodandclothesandguns.Thentheyputhimonaplaneandtookhimto__2__.Theplaneputhimdownandwentaway.Therewerenohousesorpeopleinthisplace.Buttherewerelotsofanimalsandlotsofwolves.Peopletellterriblestoriesaboutwolves.Theysaywolvesliketokillandeatpeople.Farleyrememberedthesestories,andhewas__3__.Hehadhisgunwithhim__4_.Thenoneday,hesawagroupofwolves.Therewasamotherwolfwithfourbabywolves.Afatherwolfandanotheryoungwolflivedwiththem.Farleywatchedthesewolveseveryday.Themotherwasavery__5__mother.Shegavemilktoherbabies.Shegavethemlessonsaboutlife.Theylearnedhowto__6__food.Thefatherwolfgotfoodforthemother.Theyoungwolf__7__thechildren.Theywereanice,happyfamily—wolffamily!Farleydidnotneedhis__8__anymore.Inashorttime,hegotonwellwiththefamily.Farleywatchedthemforfivemonths.Helearnedthatmanystoriesaboutthewolveswere__9__.Wolvesdonoteatpeople,andtheydonoteatmanylargeanimals.Andhealsolearnedbadthingsaboutmen.Itwasmenwhokilledmanycaribouandwolves.Later,Farleywroteabookaboutwolves.Hewantedpeopleto__10__themandnottokillthem.()29.A.seenB.toldC.heardD.found()30.A.asmalltownB.abigcityC.afarplaceD.alonelyvillage()31.A.afraidB.happyC.angryD.tired()32.A.attimesB.allthetimeC.onceaweekD.everyafternoon()33.A.badB.goodC.hungryD.thirsty()34.A.cookB.makeC.getD.pick()35.A.shoutedatB.lookedintoC.laughedatD.playedwith()36.A.foodB.clothesC.gunD.plane()37.A.notgoodB.nottrueC.noteasyD.notclear()38.A.growB.haveC.teachD.Understand四、閱讀理解。ABecareful!Somepeoplemayusethetruthtodeceive.Whensomeonetellsyousomethingthatistrue,butmissesimportantinformationthatshouldbeincluded,hecancreateafalseimpression(印卩象).Forexample,someonemightsay,"Ijustwon100dollarsonthelottery(彩票).Itwasgreat.Itookthatticketbacktothestoreandtheygaveme100dollars!"Thismanisawinner,right？Maybe,maybenot.Wethendiscoverthathepaid200dollarsfor200tickets,andonlyoneticketwon.He'sreallyabigloser(失敗者)！Hedidn'tsayanythingthatwasfalse,buthedidn'tgivetheotherimportantinformation.That'scalledahalf-truth.Half-truthsarenotlies(謊言；說謊)，butinfacttheyaredishonest.Advertisementssometimesusehalf-truths.It'sagainstthelawtolieinadvertisements,sotheytrytodeceivewiththetruth.Anadvertisementmightsay,"Nine-tenthsofdoctorsbelievethatFancyPillswillbegoodtocancer."Itdoesn'ttellyouthattheyonlyaskedtendoctorsandnineofthemworkfortheFancyCompany.Thiskindofthinghappenstoooften.It'sasadfactoflife:Liesarelies,andsometimesthetruthcanlieaswell.()39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deceive"meaninChinese?A、坦白B.引人注意C.獲勝D.欺騙()40.Whenpeopletellpartofthetruth,.A.theyarereallylyingB.theyarelotterylosersC.theymaywantyoutobuysomethingD.theymaynotbehonest()41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thetruthcanbeusedbydishonestpeople.B.Allliesarehiddeninthetruth.C.Nine-tenthsofdoctorsworkforFancyCompany.D.Advertisementsarefulloflies.()42.Whatdoesthewriterclearlywantpeopletodo?A.Thinkcarefullywhentheyreadorhearsomething.B.Spendnomoneyonlotterytickets.C.Nevertrustanyonenomatterwhattheysay.D.Alwaystellthetruth.()43.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Tellt