化學(xué)英語詞匯

?化學(xué)常用詞匯漢英對照表1?氨ammonia氨基酸aminoacid錢鹽ammoniumsalt飽和鏈燒saturatedaliphatichydrocarbon苯benzene變性denaturation不飽和煌unsaturatedhydrocarbon超導(dǎo)材料superconductivematerial臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸鉀potassiumhypochlorite醋酸鈉sodiumacetate蛋白質(zhì)protein氮族元素nitrogengroupelement碘化鉀potassiumiodide碘化鈉sodiumiodide電化學(xué)腐蝕electrochemicalcorrosion電解質(zhì)electrolyte電離平衡ionizationequilibrium電子云electroncloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化鉀試名氏starchpotassiumiodidepaper二氧化氮nitrogendioxide二氧化硅silicondioxide二氧化硫sulphurdioxide二氧化鎰manganesedioxide芳香煌arene放熱反應(yīng)exothermicreaction非極性分子non-polarmolecule非極性鍵non-polarbond月巴皂soap分儲fractionaldistillation酚phenol復(fù)合材料composite干電池drycell干儲drydistillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共價鍵covalentbond官能團(tuán)functionalgroup光化學(xué)煙霧photochemicalfog過氧化氫hydrogenperoxide合成材料syntheticmaterial合成纖維syntheticfiber合成橡膠syntheticrubber核電荷數(shù)nuclearchargenumber核素nuclide化學(xué)電源chemicalpowersource化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率chemicalreactionrate化學(xué)鍵chemicalbond化學(xué)平衡chemicalequilibrium還原齊［Jreducingagent磺化反應(yīng)sulfonationreaction霍爾槽HullCell極性分子polarmolecule極性鍵polarbond力口成反應(yīng)additionreaction力口聚反應(yīng)additionpolymerization甲烷methane堿金屬alkalimetal堿石灰sodalime結(jié)構(gòu)式structuralformula聚合反應(yīng)po1ymerization可逆反應(yīng)reversiblereaction空氣污染指數(shù)airpollutionindex勒夏特列原理LeChatelier'sprinciple離子反應(yīng)ionicreaction離子方程式ionicequation離子鍵ionicbond鋰電池lithiumcell兩性氫氧化物amphoterichydroxide兩性氧化物amphotericoxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氟化鉀potassiumthiocyanate硫酸鈉sodiumsulphide氯化錢ammoniumchloride氯化砌bariumchloride氯化鉀potassiumchloride氯化車呂aluminiumchloride氯化鎂magnesiumchloride氯化氫hydrogenchloride氯化鐵iron(III)chloride氯水chlorinewater麥芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme摩爾mole摩爾質(zhì)量molarmass品紅magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose氣體摩爾體積molarvolumeofgas鉛蓄電池leadstoragebattery強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)strongelectrolyte氫氟酸hydrogenchloride氫氧化鋁aluminiumhydroxide取代反應(yīng)substitutionreaction醛aldehyde煥燒alkyne燃料電池fuelcell弱電解質(zhì)weakelectrolyte石油Petroleum水解反應(yīng)hydrolysisreaction四氯化碳carbontetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plasticdegradation塑料的老化plasticageing酸堿中和滴定acid-baseneutralizationtitration酸雨acidrain竣酸carboxylicacid碳酸鈉sodiumcarbonate碳酸氫錢ammoniumbicarbonate碳酸氫鈉sodiumbicarbonate糖類carbohydrate煌hydrocarbon煌的彳行生物derivativeofhydrocarbon煌基hydrocarbonyl同分異構(gòu)體isomer同素異形體allotrope同位素isotope同系物homolog涂料coating烷煌alkane物質(zhì)的量amountofsubstance物質(zhì)的量濃度amount-of-substanceconcentrationofB烯煌alkene洗滌劑detergent纖維素cellulose相對分子質(zhì)量relativemolecularmass相對原子質(zhì)量relativeatomicmass消去反應(yīng)eliminationreaction硝化反應(yīng)nitrationreaction而肖酸粉bariumnitrate硝酸冷艮silvernitrate澳的四氯化碳溶液solutionofbromineincarbontetrachloride澳化鈉sodiumbromide澳水brominewater澳水brominewater鹽類的水解hydrolysisofsalts鹽析salting-out焰色反應(yīng)flametest氧化齊1Joxidizingagent氧化鋁aluminiumoxide氧化鐵iron（III）oxide乙醇ethanol乙醛ethanal乙烘ethyne乙酸ethanoicacid乙酸乙酯ethylacetate乙烯ethylene專艮鏡反應(yīng)silvermirrorreaction硬月旨酸stearicacid油脂oilsandfats有機(jī)化合物organiccompound元素周期表periodictableofelements元素周期律periodiclawofelements原電池primarybattery原子序數(shù)atomicnumber皂化反應(yīng)saponification粘合齊Uadhesive蔗糖sucrose指示劑Indicator酯ester酯化反應(yīng)esterification周期period族group（主族：maingroup）Bunsenburner本生燈product化學(xué)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物flask燒瓶apparatus設(shè)備PHindicatorPH值指示劑，氫離子（濃度的）負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmuspaper石蕊試紙graduate,graduatedflask量筒，量杯reagent試齊1Jtesttube試管burette滴定管retort曲頸甑still蒸儲釜cupel烤缽cruciblepot,meltingpot塔摒pipette吸液管filter濾管stirringrod攪拌棒element元素body物體compound化合物atom原子gramatom克原子atomicweight原子量atomicnumber原子數(shù)atomicmass原子質(zhì)量molecule分子electrolyte電解質(zhì)ion離子anion陰離子cation陽離子electron電子isotope同位素isomer同分異物現(xiàn)象polymer聚合物symbol復(fù)合radical基structuralformula分子式valence,valency價monovalent單價bivalent二價halogen成鹽元素bond原子的聚合mixture混合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)inorganicchemistry無機(jī)化學(xué)derivative衍生物series系歹Uacid酸hydrochloricacid鹽酸sulphuricacid硫酸nitricacid不肖酸aquafortis王水fattyacid脂肪酸organicacid有機(jī)酸hydrosulphuricacid氫硫酸hydrogensulfide氫化硫alkali堿，強(qiáng)堿ammonia氨base堿hydrate水合物hydroxide氫氧化物，羥化物hydracid氫酸hydrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔铮uanhydride酊alkaloid生物堿aldehyde醛oxide氧化物phosphate磷酸鹽acetate醋酸鹽methane甲烷，沼氣butane丁烷salt鹽potassiumcarbonate碳酸鉀soda蘇打sodiumcarbonate碳酸鈉causticpotash苛性鉀causticsoda苛性鈉ester酯gel凝膠體analysis分解fractionation分儲endothermicreaction吸熱反應(yīng)exothermicreaction放熱反應(yīng)precipitation沉淀toprecipitate沉淀todistil,todistill蒸儲distillation蒸儲tocalcine煨燒tooxidize氧化alkalinization堿化tooxygenate,tooxidize脫氧，氧化toneutralize中1和tohydrogenate氫化tohydrate水合，水化todehydrate脫水fermentation發(fā)酯solution溶解combustion燃燒fusion,melting熔解alkalinity堿性isomerism,isomery同分異物現(xiàn)象hydrolysis水解electrolysis電解electrode電極anode陽極，正極cathode陰極，負(fù)極catalyst催化劑catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer還原齊Udissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的Actinium(Ac)鋼Aluminium(Al)鋁Americium(Am)銅Antimony(Sb)錦Argon(Ar)僦Arsenic(As)碑Astatine(At)破Barium(Ba)領(lǐng)Berkelium(Bk)錯Beryllium(Be)鉞Bismuth(Bi)胡Boron(B)硼B(yǎng)romine(Br)澳Cadmium(Cd)鎘Caesium(Cs)鈉Calcium(Ca)鈣Californium(Cf)錮Carbon(C)碳Cerium(Ce)鋪Chlorine(Cl)氯Chromium(Cr)銘Cobalt(Co)鉆Copper(Cu)銅Curium(Cm)銅Dysprosium(Dy)鋪Einsteinium(Es)銀Erbium(Er)餌Europium(Eu)鋪Fermium(Fm)鑲Fluorine(F)氟Francium(Fr)鉆Gadolinium(Gd)軋Gallium(Ga)GGermanium(Ge)錯Gold(Au)金Hafnium(Hf)錯Helium(He)氨Holmium(Ho)鈦Hydrogen(H)氫Indium(In)錮Iodine(I)碘Iridium(Ir)銖Iron(Fe)鐵Krypton(Kr)氟Lanthanum(La)專闌Lawrencium(Lr)鎊Lead(Pb)鉛Lithium(Li)鋰Lutetium(Lu)鐳Magnesium(Mg)鎂Manganese(Mn)鎰Mendelevium(Md)們Mercury(Hg)Molybdenum(Mo)鋁Neodymium(Nd)鉉Neon(Ne)筑Neptunium(Np)HNickel(Ni)集Niobium(Nb)昵Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)錯Osmium(Os)鉞Oxygen(O)氧Palladium(Pd)專巴Phosphorus(P)磷Platinum(Pt)車白Plutonium(Pu)缽Polonium(Po)針Potassium(K)鉀Praseodymium(Pr)錯Promethium(Pm)專叵Protactinium(Pa)鎂Radium(Ra)鐳Radon(Rn)氫Rhenium(Re)銖Rhodium(Rh)錢Rubidium(Rb)軸Ruthenium(Ru)釘Samarium(Sm)彩Scandium(Sc)銃Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)銀Sodium(Na)鈉Strontium(Sr)銀Sulphur(S)銃Tantalum(Ta)鑰Technetium(Tc)車導(dǎo)Tellurium(Te)石帝Terbium(Tb)鉞Thallium(Tl)和Thorium(Th)姓Tin(Sn)錫Thulium(Tm)錢Titanium(Ti)鈦Tungsten(W)鴇Uranium(U)鈾Vanadium(V)鋼Xenon(Xe)偵Ytterbium(Yb)鏡Yttrium(Y)鉆Zinc(Zn)鋅Zirconium(Zr)錯TheIdeal-GasEquation理想氣體狀態(tài)方程PartialPressures分壓RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真實(shí)氣體：對理想氣體行為的偏離ThevanderWaalsEquation范德華方程SystemandSurroundings系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境StateandStateFunctions狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)Process過程Phase相TheFirstLawofThermodynamics熱力學(xué)第一定律HeatandWork熱與功EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸熱與發(fā)熱過程EnthalpiesofReactions反應(yīng)熱Hess'sLaw蓋斯定律EnthalpiesofFormation生成焰ReactionRates反應(yīng)速率ReactionOrder反應(yīng)級數(shù)RateConstants速率常數(shù)ActivationEnergy活化能TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼烏斯方程ReactionMechanisms反應(yīng)機(jī)理HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化劑HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化劑Enzymes酶TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常數(shù)theDirectionofReaction反應(yīng)方向LeChatelier，sPrinciple歹卜沙特列原理EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.體積，壓力，溫度變化以及催化劑的影響SpontaneousProcesses自發(fā)過程Entropy(StandardEntropy)嫡(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嫡)TheSecondLawofThermodynamics熱力學(xué)第二定律EntropyChanges嫡變StandardFree-EnergyChanges標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由能變Acid-Bases酸堿TheDissociationofWater水離解TheProtoninWater水合質(zhì)子ThepHScalespH值Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和堿Proton-TransferReactions質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移反應(yīng)ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共軻酸堿對RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸堿的相對強(qiáng)度LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸堿HydrolysisofMetalIons金屬離子的水解BufferSolutions緩沖溶液TheCommon-IonEffects同離子效應(yīng)BufferCapacity緩沖容量FormationofComplexIons配離子的形成Solubility溶解度TheSolubility-ProductConstantKsp溶度積常數(shù)PrecipitationandseparationofIons離子的沉淀與分離SelectivePrecipitationofIons離子的選擇沉淀Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化還原反應(yīng)OxidationNumber氧化數(shù)BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations氧化還原反應(yīng)方程的配平Half-Reaction半反應(yīng)GalvaniCell原電池VoltaicCell伏特電池CellEMF電池電動勢StandardElectrodePotentials標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化劑和還原劑TheNernstEquation能斯特方程Electrolysis電解TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons電子的波動性Bohr'sModelofTheHydrogenAtom氫原子的波爾模型LineSpectra線光譜QuantumNumbers量子數(shù)ElectronSpin電子自旋AtomicOrbital原子軌道Thes(p,d,f)Orbitals(p,d,f)軌道Many-ElectronAtoms多電子原子EnergiesofOrbital軌道能量ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理ElectronConfigurations電子構(gòu)型ThePeriodicTable周期表Row行Group族Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumbers同位素，原子數(shù)，質(zhì)量數(shù)PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律RadiusofAtoms原子半徑IonizationEnergy電離能Electronegativity電負(fù)性EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核電荷ElectronAffinities親電性Metals金屬Nonmetals金屬ValenceBondTheory價鍵理論CovalenceBond共價鍵OrbitalOverlap軌道重疊MultipleBonds重鍵HybridOrbital雜化軌道TheVSEPRModel價層電子對互斥理論MolecularGeometries分子空間構(gòu)型MolecularOrbital分子軌道DiatomicMolecules雙原子分子BondLength鍵長BondOrder鍵級BondAngles鍵角BondEnthalpies鍵能BondPolarity鍵矩DipoleMoments偶極矩PolarityMolecules極性分子PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子CrystalStructure晶體結(jié)構(gòu)Non-Crystal非晶體ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆積MetallicSolids金屬晶體MetallicBond金屬鍵Alloys合金IonicSolids離子晶體Ion-DipoleForces離子偶極力MolecularForces分子間力IntermolecularForces分子間作用力HydrogenBonding氫鍵Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶體Compounds化合物TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructureofComplexes配合物的命名，組成和結(jié)構(gòu)Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries電荷數(shù)、配位數(shù)、及幾何構(gòu)型Chelates螯合物Isomerism異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象StructuralIsomerism結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)Magnetism磁性ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComplexes八面體構(gòu)型配合物的電子分布TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes四面體和平面四邊形配合物GeneralCharacteristics共性s-BlockElementss區(qū)元素AlkaliMetals堿金屬AlkalineEarthMetals堿土金屬Hydrides氫化物Oxides氧化物PeroxidesandSuperoxides過氧化物和超氧化物Hydroxides氫氧化物Salts鹽p-BlockElementsp區(qū)元素BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族(硼,鋁，錢，錮，銘)Borane硼烷CarbonGroup(Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)碳族(碳,硅，錯，錫，鉛)Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸鹽，碳化物OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制備SilicicAcid,Silicates硅酸，硅酸鹽NitrogenGroup(Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth)氮族(磷,碑,錦，胡)Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸鹽，鹵化磷OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素(氧，硫，硒，石帝)Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，過氧化氫Sulfides硫化物Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine)鹵素(氟，氯，澳，碘)Halides,Chloride鹵化物，氯化物TheNobleGases稀有氣體Noble-GasCompounds稀有氣體化合物d-Blockelementsd區(qū)元素TransitionMetals過渡金屬PotassiumDichromate重銘酸鉀PotassiumPermanganate高鎰酸鉀IronCopperZincMercury鐵，銅，鋅，汞f-BlockElementsf區(qū)元素Lanthanides專闌系元素Radioactivity放射性NuclearChemistry核化學(xué)NuclearFission核裂變NuclearFusion核聚變analyticalchemistry分析化學(xué)qualitativeanalysis定性分析quantitativeanalysis定量分析chemicalanalysis化學(xué)分析instrumentalanalysis儀器分析titrimetry滴定分析gravimetricanalysis重量分析法regent試劑chromatographicanalysis色譜分析product產(chǎn)物electrochemicalanalysis電化學(xué)分析on-lineanalysis在線分析macroanalysis常量分析characteristic表征microanalysis微量分析deformationanalysis形態(tài)分析semimicroanalysis半微量分析systematicalerror系統(tǒng)誤差routineanalysis常規(guī)分析randomerror偶然誤差arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析grosserror過失誤差normaldistribution正態(tài)分布accuracy準(zhǔn)確度deviationprecisionrelativestandarddeviationcoefficientvariationconfidencelevelconfidenceintervalsignificanttestsignificantfigurestandardsolution偏差精密度相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差（RSD）變異系數(shù)（CV）置信水平置信區(qū)間顯著性檢驗(yàn)有效數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液titrationstoichiometricpointendpointtitrationerrorprimarystandardamountofsubstancestandardization滴定化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn)滴定終點(diǎn)滴定誤差基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)物質(zhì)的量標(biāo)定202.chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)concentrationchemicalequilibriumtiter濃度化學(xué)平衡滴定度generalequationforachemicalreactionprotontheoryofacid-baseacid-basetitrationdissociationconstantconjugateacid-basepairaceticacidhydroniumionelectrolyteion-productconstantofwaterionizationprotonconditionzerolevelbuffersolutionmethylorange化學(xué)反應(yīng)的通式酸堿質(zhì)子理論酸堿滴定法解離常數(shù)共鈍酸堿對乙酸水合氫離子電解質(zhì)水的離子積電離質(zhì)子平衡零水準(zhǔn)緩沖溶液甲基橙酸堿指示劑酚猷配位化合物中心離子酸堿指示劑酚猷配位化合物中心離子累積穩(wěn)定常數(shù)酸效應(yīng)系數(shù)總穩(wěn)定常數(shù)配位體乙二胺四乙酸副反應(yīng)系數(shù)配位原子配位數(shù)孤對電子螯合物金屬指示劑螯合劑掩蔽解蔽電子催化氧化催化劑還原催化反應(yīng)反應(yīng)速率電極電勢反應(yīng)的活化能氧化還原電對高鎰酸鉀碘量法重銘酸鉀鈾量法氧化還原指示耗氧量（OC）化學(xué)需氧量（COD）溶解氧（DO）沉淀反應(yīng)銀量法多相離子平衡陳化繼沉淀共沉淀灼燒過濾acid-baseindicatorphenolphthaleincoordinationcompoundcenterioncumulativestabilityconstantalphacoefficientoverallstabilityconstantligandethylenediaminetetraaceticacidsidereactioncoefficientcoordinationatomcoordinationnumberlonepairelectronchelatecompoundmetalindicatorchelatingagentmaskingdemaskingelectroncatalysisoxidationcatalystreductioncatalyticreactionreactionrateelectrodepotentialactivationenergyredoxcouplepotassiumpermanganateiodimetrypotassiumdichromatecerimetryredoxindicatoroxygenconsumingchemicaloxygendemandeddissolvedoxygenprecipitationargentimetryheterogeneousequilibriumofionsagingpostprecipitationcoprecipitationignitionfitration傾瀉法decantation傾瀉法265.chemicalfactor化學(xué)因數(shù)266.spectrophotometry分光光度法比色分析透光率比色分析透光率吸光率colorimetrytransmittanceabsorptivity270.calibrationcurve校正曲線271.standardcurve272.monochromator標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線單色器273.source274.wavelengthdispersion光源色散275.absorptioncell吸收池276.detector檢測系統(tǒng)277.bathochromicshift紅移摩爾吸光系數(shù)紫移摩爾吸光系數(shù)紫移Molarabsorptivityhypochromicshiftacetylene乙烘ethylene乙烯acetylatingagent乙?；瘎゛ceticacid乙酸adiethylether乙醴ethylalcohol乙醇acetaldehtde乙醛-Bdicarbontlcompound二b城-基化合物bimolecularelimination雙分子消除反應(yīng)bimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution雙分子親核取代反應(yīng)openchaincompound開鏈族化合物molecularorbitaltheory分子軌道理論chiralmolecule手性分子tautomerism互變異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象reactionmechanism反應(yīng)歷程chemicalshift化學(xué)位移Waldeninversio瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)nEnantiomorph對映體additionreaction力口成反應(yīng)dextro-右旋levo-左旋stereochemistry立體化學(xué)stereoisomer立體異構(gòu)體Lucasreagent盧卡斯試劑covalentbond共價鍵conjugateddiene共軻二烯燒conjugateddoublebond共軻雙鍵conjugatedsystem共軻體系conjugatedeffect共軻效應(yīng)isomer同分異構(gòu)體isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)hybridization雜化hybridor