GMAT-邏輯推理題critical-reasoning講課講稿課件

CriticalReasoningPeterPanCriticalReasoningPeterPan1A000002股票在明天還會上漲到今天為止，A000002股票出現(xiàn)三天連續(xù)上漲該股票出現(xiàn)三天連漲后，第四天也會上漲PremiseConclusion

Assumption

AssumptionPremiseConclusionCriticalReasoning

ArgumentStructureA000002股票在明天還會上漲到今天為止，A000002股2CriticalReasoning

ArgumentStructureA000002股票在明天還會上漲到今天為止，A000002股票出現(xiàn)三天連續(xù)上漲根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，該股票出現(xiàn)三天連漲后，第四天有80%的情況都是上漲。這段時間該股票的運行情況和以前第四天出現(xiàn)上漲的情況相似中國股市從來沒有規(guī)律CriticalReasoning

ArgumentSt3CriticalReasoning

ArgumentStructureStudyingregularlyisonefactorthathasbeenshowntoimproveone’sperformanceontheSAT.MelissatooktheSATandScoreda1500.Ifshestudiesseveraltimesaweak,Melissacanexpecttoimproveherscore.Melissacanexpecttoimproveherscore.Studyingregularlyisonefactorthathasbeenshowntoimproveone’sperformanceontheSAT.MelissatooktheSATandScoreda1500.StudyingseveraltimesaweakqualifiesasstudyingregularlyCriticalReasoning

ArgumentSt4

AssumptionPremiseConclusionAssumptionPremiseConclusion5CriticalReasoning

FindthePremisestatedpiecesofinformationorevidencethatgenerallyprovidesupportforthegivenconclusioncouldbeFacts,opinions,claimsshowingbackgroundtellingastorySeveralindustrieshaverecentlyswitchedatleastpartlyfromoldertechnologiespoweredbyfossilfuelstonewtechnologiespoweredbyelectricity.Itisthusevidentthatlessfossilfuelisbeingusedasaresultoftheoperationsoftheseindustriesthanwouldhavebeenusediftheseindustrieshadretainedtheiroldertechnologies.CriticalReasoning

FindthePr6CriticalReasoningCommonSignalWordPremiseConclusion

AssumptionTherefore,Asaresult,Suggests,Indicates,Accordingly,So,Consequently,Thus,Hence,ItfollowsthatSinceDuetoAsaresultofBecauseGiventhatAsCriticalReasoningPremiseConcl7Manager:thenewmanufacturingprocessshouldsaveustimeintheend,eventhoughthefirststepofthefive-stepprocesswilltaketwiceaslongasitdoesundertheoldprocess.Farfewerofthecomponentswillbefounddefectiveandthesolepurposeofstepstwoandthreeundertheoldprocessistoweedoutdefectivecomponents.Asaresult,weshouldbeabletoeliminatetwoofthefivestepsintheexistingmanufacturingprocess.Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostusefulinevaluatingtheclaimmadeintheargument?"Therefore"Test(1)"X,thereforeY."Ifthisworks,Yistheconclusion.(2)"Y,thereforeX."Ifthisworks,Xistheconclusion.CriticalReasoningFindtheConclusionX:Thenewprocessshouldsaveustime.Y:weshouldbeabletoeliminatetwoofthefivestepsintheprocess.Manager:thenewmanufacturing8CriticalReasoningDrawtheConclusion緊跟前提條件Curbinggovernmentspendinghasbeendemonstratedtoraisethevalueofacountry'scurrencyovertime.However,manyeconomistsnolongerrecommendthispolicy.Acurrencyoflesservaluecausesacountry'sexportstobemorecompetitiveintheinternationalmarket,encouragingdomesticindustriesandmakingtheeconomymoreattractivetoforeigninvestment.Thestatementsabovemoststronglysupportwhichofthefollowinginferences?(A)Limitedgovernmentspendingcanalsoleadtoareductioninthenationaldeficit.(B)Curbinggovernmentspendingcanmakeacountry'sexportslesscompetitive.(C)Manyeconomistsnowrecommendhigherlevelsofgovernmentspending.(D)Anincreaseinthevalueofacurrencywillresultinreducedgovernmentspending.(E)Competitiveexportsindicatea-weakcurrency.CriticalReasoning緊跟前提條件Curbin9CriticalReasoningDrawtheConclusionCurbinggovernmentspendinghasbeendemonstratedtoraisethevalueofacountry'scurrencyovertime.However,manyeconomistsnolongerrecommendthispolicy.Acurrencyoflesservaluecausesacountry'sexportstobemorecompetitiveintheinternationalmarket,encouragingdomesticindustriesandmakingtheeconomymoreattractivetoforeigninvestment.Thestatementsabovemoststronglysupportwhichofthefollowinginferences?(A)Limitedgovernmentspendingcanalsoleadtoareductioninthenationaldeficit.(B)Curbinggovernmentspendingcanmakeacountry'sexportslesscompetitive.(C)Manyeconomistsnowrecommendhigherlevelsofgovernmentspending.(D)Anincreaseinthevalueofacurrencywillresultinreducedgovernmentspending.(E)Competitiveexportsindicateaweakcurrency.F）Governmentinvestmentcanmakeacountry'sexportslesscompetitive.超出前提討論范圍超出前提討論范圍偷換概念因果倒置因果倒置CriticalReasoningCurbinggove10

Increasesinthelevelofhigh-densitylipoprotein(HDL)inthehumanbloodstreamlowerbloodstream-cholesterollevelsbyincreasingthebody’capacitytoriditselfofexcesscholesterol.LevelsofHDLinthebloodstreamofsomeindividualsaresignificantlyincreasedbyaprogramofregularexerciseandweightreduction.

Whichofthefollowingcanbecorrectlyinferredfromthestatementsabove?Individualswhoareunderweightdonotrunanyriskofdevelopinghighlevelofcholesterolinthebloodstream.Individualswhodonotexerciseregularlyhaveahighriskofdevelopinghighlevelofcholesterolinthebloodstreamlateinlife.Exerciseandweightreductionarethemosteffectivemethodsofloweringbloodstreamcholesterollevelsinhumans.Aprogramofregularexerciseandweightreductionlowerscholesterollevelsinthebloodstreamofsomeindividuals.Onlyregularexerciseisnecessarytodecreasecholesterollevelsinthebloodstreamofindividualsofaverageweight.CriticalReasoningDrawtheConclusionIncreasesinthelevelofhig11Theaveragefuelefficiencyofvehiclessoldnationwideduringtheperiod2000-2004was25milespergallon;thecorrespondingfigureduringtheperiod1995-1999was20milespergallon.Thenationalaveragepriceofgasolineduringtheperiod2000-2004was$2pergallon;thecorrespondingfigureduringtheperiod1995-1999was$1.60pergallon.Thestatementsabove,iftrue,bestsupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?(A)Theaveragefuelefficiencyofvehiclessoldnationwideshouldreach30milespergallonfortheperiod2005-2009.(B)Thenationalaveragepriceofgasolineduring1997waslowerthanthecorrespondingpriceduring2003.(C)Risinggasolinepricesleadconsumerstopurchasemorefuel-efficientcars.(D)Betweenthetwodescribedtimeperiods,thenationalaveragefuelefficiencyandthenationalaveragegasolinepricebothincreasedatroughlythesamerate.(E)Consumersspentmoremoneyongasolineduringtheperiod2060-2004thanduringtheperiod1995-1999.CriticalReasoningDrawtheConclusionTheaveragefuelefficiencyof12LogicfallaciesGMAT-邏輯推理題critical-reasoning講課講稿課件13CriticalReasoningDrawtheConclusionIncertaincongestedurbanareas,commuterswhousepublictransportationoptions,suchastrainsandsubways,spendapproximately25percentlesstimeintransit,onaverage,toreachtheirdestinationsthancommuterswhotravelbycar.Evenindividualswhodrivetheirentirecommuteincarpoollanes,whicharetypicallytheleastcongestedsectionsofroadways,stillspendmoretime,onaverage,thancommuterswhousetrainsandsubways.Thestatementsabove,iftrue,bestsupportwhichofthefollowingassertionsaboutcommutinginthecongestedurbanareasmentionedabove?(A)Waitingintrafficaccountsforapproximately25percentofthecommutingtimeforindividualswhodrivetotheirdestinations.(8)Walkingbetweenasubwayortrainstationandone'sfinaldestinationdoesnot,onaverage,takelongerthanwalkingbetweenone'scarandone'sfinaldestination.(C)Usingcarpoollanesdoesnot,onaverage,reducedrivingtimebymorethan25percent.(D)Individualswhocommuteviapublicbusesspendapproximately25percentmoretimeintransitthanthosewhocommuteusingpublictrainsorsubways.(E)Subwaysandtrainsareavailableinthemajorityofcongestedurbanareas.CriticalReasoningIncertainc14CriticalReasoningDrawtheConclusionCriticalReasoning15CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumption(A)Viewersaremoreinterestedinsportsandweatherthaninpersonalintereststories.(B)TheprogrammingcontentofNighttimeNewsismorecloselyalignedwiththeinterestsoftheoverallaudiencethanisthecontentofWorldNews.(C)SomeWorldNewsviewerslikedthenewNighttimeNewsprogrammingbetterthantheylikedtheWorldNewsprogramming.(D)ThereareotherpossiblecausesforanincreaseinthenumberofviewersofNighttimeNews,includingarecentadcampaignthatairedonmanylocalaffiliates.(E)ThequalityofWorldNewswillremainconstantevenifNighttimeNewsimproves.Forseveralyears,NighttimeNewsattractedfewerviewersthanWorldNews,whichbroadcastsitsshowatthesametimeasNighttimeNews.Recently,theproducersofNighttimeNewsaddedpersonalintereststoriesandincreasedcoverageofsportsandweather.Thetwoprogramsnowhavearoughlyequalnumberofviewers.Clearly,therecentprogrammingchangespersuadedviewerstoswitchfromWorldNewstoNighttimeNews.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheauthorrelies?CriticalReasoning(A)Viewers16(1)bridgeagapbetweenanypremiseandtheconclusion,and(2)support/strengthen/validatetheconclusion.CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionPremiseConclusion

Assumption(1)bridgeagapbetweenanyp17Thelocaluniversityrecentlyhiredanewsoccercoach.Althoughshehasseveralyears'worthofcoachingexperienceandisadiligentstudentofthegame,shewasneveramemberofacollegiatesoccerteam.Forthisreason,thenewcoachwillbeunabletobuildasuccessfulprogram.

Theargumentaboveisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

(A)Thelocaluniversityshouldhavehiredaformercollegiatesoccerplayerasitsnewcoach.

(B)Coachingexperienceisoneofthemostcrucialfactorsforcoachingsuccess.

(C)Thepreviouscoachattheuniversitywasdismissedduetoherlackofsuccess

(D)Tobuildasuccessfulsoccerprogramasacoach,onemustbeaformercollegiatesoccerplayer.

(E)Theuniversitydoesnotplantoprovidethenewcoachwiththeresourcesnecessarytobuildasuccessfulprogram.CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumption緊跟結(jié)論，不能轉(zhuǎn)移話題重心Thelocaluniversityrecently18緊跟結(jié)論Whennewsperiodicalsbeginforecastingarecession,peopletendtospendlessmoneyondiscretionarypurchases.Therefore,theperceivedthreatofrecessiondecreasesthewillingnessofpeopletopurchaseproductsthattheyregardasoptionalorluxurygoods.Theargumentaboveassumesthat

_(A)therearemoreluxurygoodsavailableafterarecessionisforecast(B)recently,thethreatofrecessionhasbeenincreasinglypublicizedasnewsperiodicalshavegrownmorepervasive(C)mostpeopledonotregularlyreadnewsperiodicals(D)people'sperceptionofthethreatofrecessionincreaseswhennewsperiodicalsbeginforecastingarecession(E)thepeoplewhospentthemostmoneybeforearecessionwasforecastwereamongthosewhocurtailedtheirspendingaftertherecessionbecameapparentCriticalReasoningFindtheAssumption緊跟結(jié)論Whennewsperiodicalsbegi19CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumption緊跟結(jié)論PremiseConclusion

AssumptionNewsperiodicalspublishtheforecastofarecessionPeoplespendlessmoneyondiscretionaryitemsTherefore,theperceivedthreatcausespeopletospendlessmoneyAsaresult,people'sperceptionofthethreatofarecessionincreasesAsaresult,people'sperceptionofthethreatofarecessiondoesnotincreasesNegatinganycorrectassumptionwilldestroytheargumentCriticalReasoning緊跟結(jié)論PremiseC20CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumption緊跟結(jié)論SamiscurrentlythedeputymayorofGenevaCounty.Therefore,SamshouldbethenextmayorofGenevawhenthecurrentmayorretires"Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheauthorrelies?Imaginetwopossibleanswerchoices:(A)Samisthemosthonestpersoninthewholecounty.(B)Thedeputymayorisalwaysthebestpersontobecomethenextmayorwhenacurrentmayorretires.SamisNOTNECESSARILYthemosthonestpersoninthewholecounty.ThedeputymayorisNOTNECESSARILYthebestpersontobecomethenextmayorwhenacurrentmayorretires.CriticalReasoning緊跟結(jié)論Samisc21Always.only.all:insertNotnecessarily.orSome...notinplaceofAll.(B)Tomatoesarealwaysred.LEN:TomatoesareNOTNECESSARILYalwaysred.Never.none,notone.notonce:changetoAtleastoneoratleastonce.(D)Notoneplayerwaslateforpractice.LEN:ATLEASTONEplayerwaslateforpractice.Some,afew,several:changetoNoorNone.(Noticethatthismaysoundextreme)(A)Somecatspurrwhenyoupetthem.LEN:NOcatspurrwhenyoupetthem.Sometimes,onOccasion,often:changetoNever.(Noticethatthismaysoundextreme)(A)Catssometimespurrwhenyoupetthem.LEN:CatsNEVERpurrwhenyoupetthem.Atleast,atmost.morethan,lessthan:changetothemathematicallyoppositeterm.(C)Shehasatleastthreedifferentjoboffers.LEN:ShehasLESSTHANTHREEdifferentjoboffers.CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionAlways.only.all:insertNot22GMAT-邏輯推理題critical-reasoning講課講稿課件23CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumption緊跟結(jié)論Forseveralyears,NighttimeNewsattractedfewerviewersthanWorldNews,whichbroadcastsitsshowatthesametimeasNighttimeNewsRecently,theproducersofNighttimeNewsaddedpersonalintereststoriesandincreasedcoverageofsportsandweather.Thetwoprogramsnowhavearoughlyequalnumberofviewers.Clearly,therecentprogrammingchangespersuadedviewerstoswitchfromWorldNewstoNighttimeNews.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheauthorrelies?(A)Viewersaremoreinterestedinsportsandweatherthaninpersonalintereststories.(B)TheprogrammingcontentofNighttimeNewsismorecloselyalignedwiththeinterestsoftheoverallaudiencethanisthecontentofWorldNews.(C)SomeWorldNewsviewerslikedthenewNighttimeNewsprogrammingbetterthantheylikedtheWorldNewsprogramming.(0)ThereareotherpossiblecausesforanincreaseinthenumberofviewersofNighttimeNews,includingarecentadcampaignthatairedonmanylocalaffiliates.(E)ThequalityofWorldNewswillremainconstantevenifNighttimeNewsimproves.CriticalReasoning緊跟結(jié)論Forseve24AssumptionscanservetofillinalogicgapAssumptionscanestablishthefeasibilityofthepremisesoftheargumentAssumptionscaneliminatealternatepathstoreachagivenconclusionCriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionCategoriesofAssumptionSidney'sget-rich-quickschemeissuretosucceed.Hewillbuyundervaluedpropertiesinforeclosure.Thenhewillresellthepropertiestoalocalrealestatedeveloperandgeneratelargeprofits.UndervaluedpropertiesexistinforeclosureandeasilycanbefoundandpurchasedbySidney.Assumptionscanservetofill25AssumptionscanservetofillinalogicgapAssumptionscanestablishthefeasibilityofthepremisesoftheargumentAssumptionscaneliminatealternatepathstoreachagivenconclusionAssumptionscaneliminatealternatecausesforagivenconclusion.CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionCategoriesofAssumptionAmagazinepublishedanarticleproclaimingthatonecangetapromotionbyplayinggolfwithone'sboss.Kevinconcludesthatthebestwayforhimtogetpromotedistotakegolflessonsandjoinhisboss'scountryclub.Therearenootherbetterwaystogainapromotionthantoplaygolfwithone'sboss.Assumptionscanservetofill26AssumptionscanservetofillinalogicgapAssumptionscanestablishthefeasibilityofthepremisesoftheargumentAssumptionscaneliminatealternatepathstoreachagivenconclusionAssumptionscaneliminatealternatecausesforagivenconclusion.CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionCategoriesofAssumptionScientistshavediscoveredthatpeoplewithElmer'sdiseasehaveelevatedlevelsofelastomerintheirblood.ThescientistsconcludedthatapersonwithoutElmer'sdiseasebutwithelevatedlevelsofelastomerinthebloodislikelytodevelopElmer'sdiseaseinthefuture.CorrelationbutnotcausationElmer’sdiseaseisnotthecauseoftheelastomerlevelsAssumptionscanservetofill27Economistshavenoticedthatcountrieswithmoredevelopedculturesofentrepreneurshipandrisk-takinghavehighereconomicgrowthrates.Therefore,theyhaveconcludedthatculturesofentrepreneurshipandrisk-takinggeneratehigherratesofgrowthovertime.CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionHighergrowthratesinaneconomydonotcontributetoamorehighlydevelopedcultureofentrepreneurshipandrisk-taking.Countrieswithhigheconomicgrowthratestypicallyhavelowunemploymentrates.Highereconomicgrowthratesinagivencountrytendtoresultinincreasedlevelsofentrepreneurshipandrisk-taking.Economistsfoundtheculturesofentrepreneurshipandrisk-takingisthereasontoahigherratesofacountry’swealthgrowth.錯誤答案是怎么錯的偷換概念因果倒置超出討論范圍無關(guān)Economistshavenoticedthatc28CriticalReasoningFindtheAssumptionCriticalReasoning29WhethertheexpectedservicelifeofLEDarraysisatleastaslongasthatofthecurrentlyusedincandescentbulbsWhetheranycitieshaveswitchedfromincandescentlightsintheirtrafficsignalstolightingelementsotherthanLEDarraysWhetherthecompanyfromwhichTravertoncurrentlybuysincandescentbulbsfortrafficsignalsalsosellsLEDarraysWhetherTraverton'scitycouncilplanstoincreasethenumberoftrafficsignallightsinTravertonWhetherthecrewsthatcurrentlyreplaceincandescentbulbsinTraverton'strafficsignalsknowhowtoconverttheexistingfixturessoastoacceptLEDarraysTraverton'scitycouncilwantstominimizethecity'saverageyearlyexpendituresonitstrafficsignallightsandsoisconsideringreplacingtheincandescentbulbscurrentlyinusewitharraysoflight-emittingdiodes(LEDs)astheincandescentbulbsburnout.Comparedtoincandescentbulbs,LEDarraysconsumesignificantlylessenergyandcostnomoretopurchase.Moreover,thecostsassociatedwiththeconversionofexistingfixturessoastoacceptLEDarrayswouldbeminimal.WhichofthefollowingwoulditbemostusefultoknowindeterminingwhetherswitchingtoLEDarrayswouldbelikelytohelpminimizeTraverton'syearly

maintenancecosts?Whethertheexpectedservicel30一個人對另外一個人所說的話影響自己對所說的事件相信概率增加或減少的判斷要的不是對錯，一個陳述對相信度提高就是支持，相信度減少就是駁斥。若題目問駁斥，則其他四個要么無關(guān)，要么支持；若題目問支持，則其他四個要么無關(guān)，要么駁斥70—80%選項都是無關(guān),出題主要考排除無關(guān)的能力，無關(guān)的判斷正確的假設(shè)被否定的話，結(jié)論就無法成立CriticalReasoningFindthePremiseA:看見兩只烏鴉，下一個也是烏鴉B：因為烏鴉都是成群的蒙古牛產(chǎn)奶量400，與歐洲牛雜交2400，雜交牛產(chǎn)奶量大，鼓勵蒙古當(dāng)?shù)仞B(yǎng)雜交牛A:蒙古當(dāng)?shù)仉s交牛不能健康生存B:當(dāng)?shù)厝鄙僖环N雜草，這種雜草對于維持雜交牛的健康是必須的C:當(dāng)?shù)厝鄙僖环N雜草，這種雜草對于維持雜交動物的健康是必須的D:蘇聯(lián)和蒙古的畜牧條件是相似的，蘇聯(lián)缺少一種雜草，這種雜草對于維持雜交動物的健康是必須的Correlation/Strengthen/Weaken一個人對另外一個人所說的話影響自己對所說的事件相信概率增加或31CriticalReasoningFindthePremiseCorrelation/Weaken/StrengthenWeakenapproachesStrengthenapproachesA=>BBisincorrect(=是對B的駁斥)BiscorrectC=>B(使旁觀者認為是A的可能性降低)Ccan’t=>BA&BareirrelevantA&BarerelevantAisincorrectAiscorrectA=>C(對B的駁斥)Acan’t=>CC=>D(D與B

相反)CriticalReasoningCorrelation/321.TheunitedStatesisconsideringabanontheimportationofsalmonfromCountryBinordertoprotestpoorprotectionofintellectualpropertyrightsinCountryB.Aneconomistcountersthatsuchabanwouldbeineffective,sinceCountryBwouldcircumvent.itbysellingtheextrasalmoninEurope.Indeed,lastyear,sixEuropeannationseachimportedmoresalmonthanCountryBexportedtotheUnitedStates.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseverelyweakentheeconomist'sargument?(A)SalmonisthechiefexportofCountryB,accountingforasubstantialproportionofitsexportearningsovereachofthelastthreeyears.(B)ThesupplyofnativesalmonhasbecomeincreasinglylimitedincertainpartsofNorthAmericainthepastdecade,includingmanypartsoftheUnitedStates.(C)SalmonfromCountryBisconsideredadelicacyinalloftheEuropeannationsthatimportedsalmonlastyear.(D)TheeconomicvaluetoU.S.companiesoftheadoptionofintellectualpropertyregulationsinCountryBisgreaterthanthevalueofsalmonexportsfromCountryB.(E)CostsforthetransportationofsalmonfromCountryBtoEuropewouldmakesalmonfromCountryBmoreexpensiveforEuropeanconsumersthansalmonimportedfromothercountries.CriticalReasoningFindthePremiseCorrelation/Weaken/Strengthen1.TheunitedStatesisconsid332.BrandXdesignsandbuildscustomsneakers,onesneakeratatime.Itrecentlyannouncedplanstosell"TheGoldStandard,"asneakerthatwillcostfivetimesmoretomanufacturethananyothersneakerthathasbeeneverbeencreated.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostsupportsthepredictionthatTheGoldStandardshoelinewillbeprofitable?(A)Becauseofitsreputationasanoriginalandexclusivesneaker,TheGoldStandardwillbefavoredbyurbanhipsterswillingtopayexceptionallyhighpricesinordertostandout.(B)OfthelastfournewsneakersthatBrandXhasreleased,threehavesoldataratethatwashigherthanprojected.(C)Arivalbrandrecentlydeclaredbankruptcyandceasedmanufacturingshoes.(D)ThemarketforTheGoldStandardwillnotbemorelimitedthanthemarketforotherBrandXshoes.(E)TheGoldStandardismadeusingcanvasthatismorethanfivetimesthecostofthecanvasusedinmostsneakers.CriticalReasoningFindthePremise2.BrandXdesignsandbuilds343.TheSmithtownTheatre,atowntheatrethatstagesoldBroadwayshows,hasannouncedanewexpansionthatwillsubstantiallyincreaseboththecapacityandthecostsofoperatingthetheatre.AttendanceattheSmithtownTheatreiscurrentlyjustenoughforthetheatretocoveritspresentoperatingcosts.Inaddition,allofthecurrentpatronsofthetheatreliveinSmithtown,andthepopulationofthetownisnotexpectedtoincreaseinthenextseveralyears.Thus,itseemscertainthattheexpansionoftheSmithtownTheatrewillproveunprofitable.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheargument?(A)AlargemoviechainplanstoopenanewmultiplexlocationinSmithtownlaterthisyear.(B)ConcessionsalesintheSmithtownTheatrecompriseasubstantialproportionofthetheatre'srevenues.(C)ManyrecentarrivalstoSmithtownarestudentsthatarelesslikelytoattendtheSmithtownTheatrethanareolderresidents.(D)TheexpansionwouldallowtheSmithtownTheatretostagelarger,morepopularshowsthatwillattractpatronsfromneighboringtowns.(E)TheBoardoftheSmithtownTheatreresponsibleforchoosingwhichashowtostageregularlysolicitsinputfromresidentsofthetown.3.TheSmithtownTheatre,at354AtHospitalA,therehasbeenanupsurgeinemergencyroomvisitsbychildrenundertwelvewithstomachdisturbances.Patienttrackingrevealedthatthevastmajorityofthechildrenhadeatencandylabeled"CoconutFunSnax"shortlybeforetheonsetofsymptoms.Theemergencyroomphysiciansconcludedthatitisunsafeforchildrenundertheageoftwelvetoeatproductscontainingcoconut.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbethebestreasontodoubtthewarning?(A)Coconutscontainsaturatedfats.(B)Somepathogensarenotdetectablebyanymedicaltests.(C)Nococonutsorcoconutproductsareusedinthemanufactureof"CoconutFunSnax."(0)Thepatienttrackingatthehospitalcontactedtheparentsofallofthechildrenconcernedandreceivedful1cooperationfromthem.(E)Coconutsareafavoritefoodofmanychildren.4AtHospitalA,therehasbe36SupportersofacostlynewDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA)initiativeassertthattheprojectwillbenefitindustrialcompaniesaswellasthemilitaryitself.Inmanyinstances,militaryresearchhasresultedintechnologiesthathavefueledcorporatedevelopmentandgrowth,andthispatterncanbeexpectedtocontinue.Eachofthefollowing,iftrue,servestoweakentheargumentaboveEXCEPT:(A)Theresearchinitiativewilloccupymanytalentedscientists,manyofwhomwouldotherwisehaveworkedforprivatecorporations.(8)Inthepastdecade,DARPAhasadoptedanincreasinglyrestrictivestanceregardingtheuseofintellectualpropertyresultingfromitsresearch.(e)Ahighproportionofthegovernmentresourcesdirectedtowardtheinitiativewouldordinarilyhavegonetotaxsubsidiesforvariousbusinesses.(D)Theresearchinitiativeisfocusedonmaterialsdevelopmentthroughnano-technology,whichisthoughttohavemanycommercialappllcatlons.(E)TheDARPAresearchmakesuseofmanufacturingprocessesthatwouldbecost-prohibitiveformostcompaniestoreplicate.EXCEPTSupportersofacostlynewDef37CriticalReasoningFindthePremise3.CompanyManagement:Themostrecentadvertisingcampaignforourleadingbrandoflow-caloriesoftdrinks,SunriseSplash,hasobviouslybeenasuccess.Sincethiscampaignwasconductedinseveralmagazinesayearago,ourunitsalesofSunriseSplashhaveincreasedby10%,reachingarecordlevelinourcompany's·history.Inaddition,consumersurveysindicatethattheproportionofcustomerswhorecognizethisbrandhasnearlydoubledoverthisperiod.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldmoststronglysupporttheclaimmadeaboutthecampaign'ssuccess?(A)Overthepastyear,thepriceofSunriseSplashhasbeenreducedbynearly20%.(B)Overthepastyear,unitsalesofSunriseSplashhaveincreasedhynearly1.5millionbottles..(C)Asaresultofashiftinconsumerpreferencestowardslow-caloriesoftdrinks,theconsumptionofthesedrinkshasgrownatadouble-digitrateoverthepastseveralyears.(D)ThemajorityofnewsalesofSunriseSplashmadeoverthepastfearinvolvedoneofthecouponsdistributedduringthelastadvertisingcampaign.(E)Overthepastyear,thecompanyhasex