2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省增城市高三（最后沖刺）英語試卷含解析

2021-2022高考英語模擬試卷考生請注意：.答題前請將考場、試室號、座位號、考生號、姓名寫在試卷密封線內(nèi)，不得在試卷上作任何標(biāo)記。.第一部分選擇題每小題選出答案后，需將答案寫在試卷指定的括號內(nèi)，第二部分非選擇題答案寫在試卷題目指定的位置上。.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題L5分，滿分30分）—Iwasintendedtototheconcertwithyouthisweekend,butIcan'tnow.A.Bad B.ThafsrightC.NotatallD.You'rewelcomeItreallymattershetreatedthelatestfailure,fortheexaminationisaroundthecorner.A.if B.thatC.whyD.howIdecidedtodoarandomactofkindnesslastyear.AndthatthepersonIwouldenduphelpingmostwouldbemyself.A.IlittleknewB.littledidIknewC.littledidIknowD.littleIknewChinesePresidentHuJintaocalledforanimmediatecease-fireinLibyaanevenworsehumanitariancrisisinthecountryattheBRICSSummitinHainanProvince.A.topreventB.tohavepreventedC.preventingD.havingpreventedDon'tforgettosendattendedtheconferenceafollow-upemail.A.however B.whateverC.whoeverD.whereverTherearevariousthingsonsale,soyoucanchooseinterestsyou.A.whoever B.nomatterwhoC.whateverD.nomatterwhatOncepublished,thenovelwasa(n)successandwassoontranslatedintonineforeignlanguages.A.occasionalB.instantC.constantD.individualInBeijing,morethan21,100peopletodonatetheirbodiesbytheendof2017,asthecitypromotedabodydonationcampaignfrom1999.A.haveappliedB.hadappliedC.wouldhaveappliedD.appliedTheimportanceanationaldayandhowitiscelebratedareverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.A.connectedtoB.giventoC.meaningtoD.attachedto—MayIhelpyou?Youseemtobehavingsomeproblems.—,thanks.IthinkIcanmanage.A.Allright B.NoproblemC.IfsallrightD.There'snowayAproposalwasputforwardatthemeetingthenewcementplantshouldn'tbebuiltneartheschool.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichAsoneofthemostpopularartistsintheUS,notonlywithherhitsongs,buthasinspiredwomenwithherdevotiontocharity.A.hasBeyonceinfluencedpopcultureB.influencedpopculturehasBeyonceC.BeyoncehasinfluencedpopcultureD.influencedpopcultureBeyoncehasItwaswhenshefirstarrivedinChinashedevelopedapassionforpaper-cutting.A.where B.thatC.howD.why—DidJimcome?—Idon'tknow.HewhileIwasout.A.mighthavecome B.mightcomeC.musthavecomeD.shouldhavecome—Sorry,Ididn'thearthedoorbellring.—Yourbell,Perhapsitneedsrepairing.A.neverworked B.isneverworkingC.neverworksD.hadneverworkedThemajorityofnewbusinessesfailbecause,theyhaveaproductorservicethatfillsagapinthemarket,theyusuallylacktheskillsinsales,marketing,andadministration.A.nowthatB.evenifC.aslongasD.asthoughThepeopleinthevillagearesothattheyarewillingtohelpeveryvisitor.A.optimistic B.energeticC.enthusiasticD.ambitious—Accordingtomymother,itisagoodideatohavesomechickensoupwhenyouhaveacold.—； ,scientistsagreewithher.A.SoonerorlaterB.OnceinawhileC.BelieveitornotD.Tobeexact—Wouldyoulikemetheradioabit?—No,it'sallright.I'musedwiththeradio.A.toturndown;towork;on B.turningdown;toworking;onC.turningdown;toworking;offD.toturndown;toworking;on—Thankyouverymuchforeverything.You'vebeensohelpful.—.Justletmeknowifthereisanythingelse1candoforyou.A.Withpleasure B.Thepleasureismine.C.Pleasedon'tsayso D.No,thanks第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。（6分）Whales,sealsandwalrusesstaywarmincoldwaterbecausetheyhaveathicklayerofblubber.Wehumansrelyonsomethinglikeblubber—neoprenerubberwetsuits-tospendtimeincoldwater.Butthethickversionsforreallyicywaterareheavyandclumsy.Soratherthantakingafterbigmarinemammals,whatifwecouldlearnfromthelittlerones,likebeaversandotters?“Theseanimalsarequitesmallandtheycan'tcarryaroundathicklayerofblubber.Soinsteadtheyhavefurthatisevolvedtotrapair,andthisairprovidesalayerofinsulationfortheminwater/'AliceNastoisagraduatestudentinmechanicalengineeringatMIT.Scientistshaveknownaboutthisair-trappinginsulationmechanismforalongtime,buttheyhadnotteasedoutthedetailsofhowitworks.SoNastoandhercolleaguestookonthechallenge.“We'recreatingthesefurrysamplesfromtheserubberymaterialsbylasercuttingmoldsandcastingthesehairysurfaces.Andthroughourapproachwecanpreciselycontrolthespacingofthehairsandthelengthofthehairs.”Theresearchersthencreatedasystemtogatherdatawhentheirpelts（毛皮）enteredandmovedthroughaliquid—inthiscasenotwater,butsiliconeoil,whichmakesiteasiertoseeairbubbles.Thekeyistokeepthepelfsairlayerintact（完好的）.“Sowhenthey'recrossingtheairwaterinterface,initiallytheirhairytextureisfullofair.Andthenyougointowater.Howmuchoftheaircomesdownwithyouasyou'removinginthroughtheinterface.Sothat'swhatthismodelwilltellyou.”Theyfoundthatthedenserthehairs,themoretheairgetstrapped*whichshouldkeeptheanimal-orpotentiallythehumaninafuturefurrywetsuit—warm.TheresearchisinthejournalPhysicalReviewFluids.“Whatwewouldliketoworkonmovingforwardisunderstanding,afteryoudiveintothewater,howdoyoumaintainthisairlayertrappedinyourfur.Andthere'slotsofinterestingpropertiesofthefurinnaturethatwehaven,tyetlookedatinourmodelthatcouldhelpexplainhowthismechanismmightwork.”Sofornow,cold-waterdiversandsurferswillstillemulatesealsorsealions.Butthedaymaycomewhenthey'llmorecloselyresembleottersorbeavers.1、Whatcanmakelittlermammalskeepwarmincoldwater?Anair-trappinginsulationmechanism.B.Athicklayerofblubber.C.Afurthatisevolvedtotrapair.D.Aneoprenerubberwetsuit.2、Nastoandhercolleagueshaverevealed.A.thedenserthehairs,themoretheaircanbecarriedwith.thewaythisair-trappinginsulationmechanismworks.howtheairlayertrappedinthefurismaintainedinwater.theexistenceoftheair-trappinginsulationmechanism.3、Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom?anewspaperB.atravelbookC.amedicalreportD.asciencemagazine4、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AFantasticLayerofFur B.AnImportantResearchC.AWonderfulMechanism D.AGraduatedChallenge（8分）Beingattractiveisn'tusuallyconsideredmuchofadisadvantageintoday'sworld.Actually,thereistheendlesspotentialbenefitaboutit,butresearchershavefoundoneareathatbeingprettymakeslifeachallengesecuringyourselfaboring,low-payingjob.Thisstandsincontrasttoalargebodyofresearchthatattractiveness,ingeneral,helpscandidatesintheselectionprocess.Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing.Wetreatprettypeoplemorefavorablyingeneral,oftenvoteforthemmoreinelections,andpaythemmoreintheirprofessions.Theresearchsuggeststhatattractivepeoplemaybediscriminatedagainstinselectionforrelativelylessdesirablejobs.Researcherscarriedoutfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan750participants,includinguniversitystudentsandmanagerswhomakehiringdecisionsintherealworld.Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive.Participantswerethenaskedaseriesofquestionsdesignedtomeasuretheiropinionsofthejobcandidatesandwhethertheywouldhirethesecandidatesforaless-than-desirablejob.Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentativeandthemoredesirablejobsincludedthingslikeamanager,projectdirector,ITelite（精英）.Inallexperimentswheretheywereasked,participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejobandmorelikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthemoredesirablejob.MsLeesaid,“Intheselectiondecisionforanundesirablejob,decisionmakersweremorelikelytochoosetheunattractiveindividualovertheattractiveindividual.Co-authorDrMadanPillutlasaid,“Itisinterestingthatdecisionmakersconsiderothers'opinionsintheirdecisions.Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob.”Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohigh-leveljobs.InWhatdopeoplegenerallythinkofbeingattractive?A.Itisadisadvantage.Itisablessing.itisnotimportant.Ithasnothingtodowithjobs.2、WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?TheparticipantsoftheexperimentTheimportanceoftheexperimentTheprocessoftheexperimentTheresultoftheexperiment.3、Anordinary-lookinggraduatemayhaveanadvantagewhenapplyingfor?amanageraprojectdirectorawarehouseworkeranITelite4、Whyarelessattractiveapplicantspreferredforlessdesirablejobs?Becausetheyareniorehardworking.Becausetheywillbemoresatisfied.Becausetheyhavenorequirementsatall.Becausetheywillwantbetteroutcomes.5、Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeresearch?Attractivepeoplearemorefitforhigh-leveljobs.Lessattractivepeopleareeasytofindhigh-leveljobs.Attractivepeoplecanalwaysbehiredwhenapplyingforjobs.Lessattractivepeoplecaneasilygethighlypaidiftheyworkhard.23.（8分）IhavereceivedmanyChristmasgiftsovertheyears,ThebestgiftIeverreceivedwaspresentedtomebyastranger.IneverevenknewhisnameandIonlyhadcontactwithhimforlessthan60seconds.HisChristmaspresenttomechangedthewayIhadthoughtaboutpeopleandChristmas.ItwasseveralyearsagowhenmywifeaskedmetomeetheratthelocaldepartmentstoreonBlackFridaymorning.Theyhadadvertisedachild'sbikethatshewantedtopurchaseforourson.Westoodwithaverylargecrowd,waitingforthemanagertoblowthewhistle.Afterawhile,thewhistleblew.Itwaslikethrowingabucketoffishintoatankofsharks.Itoldmywifethatifweobtainedabike,fine,butiwedidnot,IwasOKwiththattoo,Astheshelfofbikesbegantograduallydecreaseinsize,Isawmypoliteopportunitytowrapmyhandsaroundthecornerofoneoftheboxes.Ilifteditofftheboxandsuddenlyfeltsomemildresistance.IlookeduptoseeoneofthelargestgentlemenIhadeverseeninmylife.Threatwasnotthewordtodescribehispresence.Hewasdecoratedwithnumerousbeltsofmetalpointedleatheraroundbotharmsandevenhisneck.Tattoos（文身）wereanobviouspassionofhis.Istartedtoreturnanxiouslytheboxbuthegentlypusheditbackinmydirectionandbackintomyhands.Hethendirecteditintomyshoppingcart.Helookdatme,smiled,andsaid,"MerryChristmas.MMywifeandIwenttothecheckout,paidforthebikeandwenthome.AllthewayhomeIwasthinkingthatthismomentwasbyfarthebestChristmasgiftIhadeverreceived.ThekindnessofastrangerthatbrokeallpreviousviewsImayhavehadofstereotypesandprejudices.Iwillneverforgetthetendernessofahumanheartinasimpleact.1、Whydoestheauthorviewthegiftasthebest?Becauseitwasgivenbyastranger.Becauseitwasdonatedbyacharity.Becauseitimprovedhislevelofliving.Becauseitchangedhisopiniononpeople.2、Whatcanweknowaboutthebikeatthattime?Itsoldwellthatnight.Itwasattractivetowomen.Itwasequippedwithawhistle.Itwassoldatalowerpriceonthatmorning.3、Whatcanweinferaboutthestrangerwithtattoos?Hewasawfulinappearancebutkindinheart.Hewashandsomeandgood-mannered.Hewasbigbutcautiousinbehavior.Hewaslovelyandenergetic.4、Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?ATrueGentlemanIMetTheBestGiftIEverReceivedAChoiceThatChangedMyViewAStrangerWhoGaveMeaGift24.（8分）Itisaquestionpeoplehavebeenaskingforages.Isthereawaytoturnbacktheagingprocess?Forcenturies,peoplehavebeenlookingfora"fountainofyouth."Theideaisthatifyoufindamagicalfountain,anddrinkfromitswaters,youwillnotage.SpanishexplorerJuanPoncedeLeonsearchedforwaterswithmagicalpowersintheearly1500s.ButwhathefoundinsteadistheAmericanstateofFlorida.ResearchersinNewYorkdidnotfindanactualfountainofyouth,buttheymayhavefoundawaytoturnbacktheagingprocess.Itappearstheanswermaybehiddenrightbetweenyoureyes,inanareacalledthehypothalamus.Thehypothalamusispartofyourbrain.Itcontrolsimportantactivitieswithinthebody.CaiDongsheng,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,foundthathypothalamusstemcellsinfluencehowfastagingtakesplaceinthebodyaswell.Healsoreportedthatwhenthehypothalamusstartsaging,sodoesthebody.“Sowhenhypothalamusfunctionisindecline,particularlythelossofhypothalamusstemcells,andthisprotectionagainsttheagingdevelopmentislost,iteventuallyleadstoaging.”Usingthisinformation,theresearchersbegantryingtoactivate（激活）orenergizethehypothalamusinlaboratorymice.Theydidthisbyinjecting（注射）theanimalswithstemcells.Later,theresearchersexaminedtissuesandtestedforchangesinbehavior.Theylookedfbrchangesinthestrengthoftheanimals9muscles.Theyalsostudiedthesocialbehaviorandcognitive（認(rèn)知）abilityofthemice.Theresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthetreatmentslowedagingintheanimals.Caisaysinjectingmiddle-agedmicewithstemcellsfromyoungermicehelpedtheolderanimalslivelonger.Thesefindingscouldleadtonewwaystohelpdoctorsidentifyandtreatanynumberofhealthissuesconcerningagingproblems.Ifthemicecanlivelonger,doesthatmeanpeoplecouldhavelongerlives?ThisisthequestionCaiandhisteamarethinkingabout.1、WhatdidJuanPoncedeLeonfind?TheAmericanstateofFlorida.Magicalpowers.AFountainofyouth.Awaytostoptheagingprocess.2、Whatdoweknowaboutthehypothalamus?A.Itislocatedintheeyes.Itstartsagingduetotheincreaseofitsstemcells.Itplaysakeyroleincontrollingtheagingprocess.Itfunctionswellwhenthebodystartsaging.3、Whatdidtheresearchersdoduringtheexperiment?Theystrengthenedthemusclesofthemice.Theyexaminedtissuesandtestedthebehaviourofmice.Theyinjectedthestemcellsintotheyoungermice.Theychangedthesocialbehaviorandcognitiveabilityofthemice.4、Whatwouldtheresearchersprobablydonext?Injectstemcellsofmiceintohumans.Researchonthecognitivepsychology.Helpthemicelivelonger.Seeifanti-agingeffectsalsoworkinhumanbeings.25.（10分）ESciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere'salwaysatemptation（誘惑）todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren't?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（學(xué)科）.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox（非常規(guī)的），andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthereader'sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.Onthewhole,Brooks'storyisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'attempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.1、Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto?illustratewheresciencecanbeapplieddemonstratethevalueofBrooks'newbookremindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceexplainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks2、Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?Itsstrongbasis.Itsconvincingpoints.Itsclearwriting.Itsmemorablecharacters.3、Whatistheauthor'sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?Contradictory.Supportive.Cautious.Critical.4、Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?Problemswiththebook.Brooks'slifeexperience.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks'stranslationskills.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項.（30分）DianeRaywascompletelyself-centeredandveryspoilt.Herparentsgaveher1shewanted,knowingthatshewouldthrowatempertantrum（耍小孩脾氣）iftheydidnot.Shewouldscreamandkickand2onthefloordrummingherheels.Herparentsa1ways3Thatwaswhyshewasaloneonthe4 ,wearinganexpensiveswimsuit.Ithastakenamassivetantrumto5herparentstobuyit.Theywerebackatthebeach-house,6fromthetantrumshehadthrownwhentheytoldherthatitwastoodangeroustogodiving7 ."Dangerous?”shehadsaid.uYoujustdon'twantmetohave8I'mgoingandifyoutrytostopme,VWscream.”“Whatareyoudoing?”avoiceasked.Dianejumped.Shedidnotknowthatthemanwasthere9hespoke."I'mgoingdiving,“sheanswered.“Youshouldn'tswimthatday,"theman10 ,“Thereisastormcomingup.”“YoushouldmindyourownH!”Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.“Ifyougooutthereyou'llbe12Jthemancalledafterher.Shedidnotbothertoreply.Dianeslippedintothewateranddived13untilwhitecapsbeganrollinginanditbecameharderto14againstthecurrent（水流）.Saltwaterhitagainstherface,makingit15tobreathe.Oh,whyhadshenotlistenedtoadvice.Panicking,shebeganto16 .Then,justasitseemedasifshewouldslipbeneaththesurface,shehearda17voice.uHoldon!I'mcoming.”With18 ,shesawtheoldmanrowinganancient-lookingboattowardsher."Ihopeyou'velearnedalesson.Youputusbothin19 ,“heshoutedangrily,ashedraggedheroverthesideofthe 20,Gratefully,Dianethankedhimandrantowardsthebeach-house.1、A.eitherB.neitherC.nothingD.everything2、A.jumpB.lieC.spinD.sleep3、A.setoutB.setinC.gaveinD.gaveout4、A.beachB.bedC.floorD.ship5、A.allowB.warnC.getD.prefer6、A.changingB.recoveringC.appearingD.traveling7、A.aloneB.awayC.againD?aside8、A.timeB.moneyC.foodD.fun9、A.whenB.untilC.afterD.once10、A.decidedB.intendedC.advisedD.repeated11、A.businessB.swimsuitC.friendsD.parents12、A.angryB.sorryC.confusedD.excited13、A.nervouslyB.sadlyC.shylyD.happily14、A.riseB.swimC.stopD.row15、A.difficultB.easyC.comfortableD.suitable16、A.speakB.singC.sniffD.scream17、A.calmB.frighteningC.beautifulD.disgusting18、A.regretB.reliefC.interestD.ease19、A.powerB.safetyC.dangerD.thought20、A.houseB.waveC.beachD.boat第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（15分）AneighborhoodwatchisanL_（organize）groupofpeoplewhohavevolunteeredtohelppreventcrimeintheirneighbourhood.Theydothisby2?（keep）aneyeontheirneighbors'households,patrollingthestreetsandcontactingthepolicewhentheyseewrong3?（activity）.Neighbourhoodwatcheshave4>ofhistory,butthey5,（introduce）tomodemAmericancitiesafterthepublicwasshocked6.（hear）howawomanwasmurderedinNewYorkcitywhileanumberofwitnessesstoodbyanddidnothing.7,（recent）,however,somepeoplehavestronglyobjectedtotheorganizationafternneighborhoodwatchmanshottodeathablackteenager,8,wasonhiswayhomeintheevening.Theshootinghasledtoanewsuggestionneighborhoodwatchmenshouldn'tcarrygunswhileonpatrol.Manyneighborhoodwatchcommitteesdisagreethisidea,sayingthatitwilldiscouragevolunteersfrompatrollingmoredangerousdistricts.Besides,sinceFloridastatelawallowsthecarryingofguns,suchadviceisuseless.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有1（）處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。TodayasIwasleavingthechurchforhome,Ihearanoldmansayinghewascold、Iwasdressinginanexpensivescarf、Ihadbeenapreciousgifttome,soIgaveittohim>Inmyopinion,thehappinesswhatIreceiveasIseesomeoneelsehappyi