Unit 4 Earthquakes 單元知識點精講課件-高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教版必修一

Book1Unit4Earthquakes單元知識點精講1．(2020·新高考卷)Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek_________(掩蔽處)duringthedaytime.2．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Ihaveaverystrongfearthattheliewe’retellingisdoingspiritual________(傷害)toourchildren.3．Shehidherfaceinherhandsand_______(burst)intotears.4．________(bury)inhisstudy,hedidn’tnoticetheotherclassmateshadleft.

shelter

damage

burst

Buried

5．(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.6．Thisisoneoftheworstnatural___________(disaster)evertohittheareahadbeentrapped

disasters

.7．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletely___________(destroy).8．Luckily,mykindneighbor_________(rescue)alittlegirlfromdrowninglastnight.

destroyed

rescued

(1)____n.

污垢;泥土→_____adj.臟的,骯臟的(2)________n.

苦難;痛苦→______vt.&vi.遭受;忍受→_______n.

患者;受害者(3)_______adj.極度的→_________adv.非常;極其;極端地dirtdirtysufferingsuffersuffererextremeextremely(4)______vt.

損害;傷害→______n.

傷害;損害→_______adj.受傷的;受損害的(5)________n.

幸存者;生還者;殘存物→_______vt.&vi.幸存;幸免于injureinjuryinjuredsurvivorsurvive(6)______n.&vt.

援救;營救→_______n.

救援者(7)_______vt.

使驚嚇;嚇?！鷂________adj.受驚的;受恐嚇的→__________adj.令人恐懼的rescuerescuerfrightenfrightenedfrightening(8)_____________n.

祝賀;(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→___________v.

祝賀(9)_____n.

裁判員;法官vt.

斷定;判斷;判決→_________n.

判斷;裁判;判決書(10)_______vt.

表示;表達n.

快車;速遞→_________n.

表達;表情;措辭congratulationcongratulatejudgejudgmentexpressexpressionⅡ.聯(lián)想背短語1.__________立刻;馬上2.____ 仿佛;好像3.______ 掘出;發(fā)現(xiàn)4._________ 代替;而不是5.____________ 輕視;認(rèn)為……沒價值6.___________ 埋頭于rightawayasifdigoutinsteadofthinklittleofbeburiedin7.__________ 從……判斷8.___________ 集資,籌款;募捐judgefromraisemoney9.____________ 做演講10.atanend

__________11.inruins __________________

12.a(great)numberof ____________13.betrappedin _____

giveaspeech結(jié)束;終結(jié)嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪許多;大量的陷入14.cutacross ______________

15.intheopenair _______抄近路,走近路在戶外

n.判斷makeajudgementabout…對……作出評價1．judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判決；判斷judgesb./sth.by/from…以……判斷某人/某事judgingfrom/by…從……判斷(常作插入語使用)judgesb./sth.(tobe)good/bad/fair認(rèn)定某人/某事好/壞/公平asfarassb.canjudge據(jù)某人判斷judg(e)ment夯基—單句語法填空。①(2018·江蘇卷)Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadly________(judge).②I’mwritingtoinviteyoutobe___judgeatourEnglishspeechcontesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15．③_________(judge)fromtheabovestory,wecandrawtheconclusionthatwecan’tjudgeabook_________itscover.judged

a

Judging

by/from

judgingfrom/by…置于句首作狀語。v.-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generallyspeaking一般來說；franklyspeaking坦白地說；considering…考慮到……。提能—完成句子。④__________________，hewillrefuseto_____________________thepresentsituation.據(jù)我判斷，他會拒絕評價目前的形勢。AsfarasIcanjudge

makeajudgementabout

2．ruinn.[U]毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡vt.(使)毀壞；

毀滅；成為廢墟；

使破產(chǎn)(1)lie/beinruins成為廢墟come/go/falltoruin毀滅；滅亡

；崩潰bring…toruin使……毀滅；使……沒落；使……破產(chǎn)(2)ruinoneself毀掉自己；

自取滅亡ruinone’shealth/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/聲譽/前途2.ruin/damage/destroy辨析填空①Heknockedoverabottleofinkand______mypainting.②Aheavyraincamedownand________thecrops.③Thefarmer’shousewascompletely_________,sohedecidedtobuildanewone.ruineddamageddestroyed夯基—單句語法填空。①(北京卷)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin_______(ruin).②Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completely_________(ruin)ourholiday.③Ifyou’readdictedtoplayingcomputergames,you’llruin__________.ruins

ruining

yourself

提能—一句多譯。他犯了個錯誤，這讓他失去了出國的機會。④Hemadeamistake,______________________ofgoingabroad.(定語從句)⑤Hemadeamistake,__________________ofgoingabroad.(分詞作狀語)whichruinedhischance

ruininghischance

3.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了?！纠觥竣貼otallprintdictionariesarethesame,asyouwillnoticewhenyouselectone.譯:當(dāng)你選擇的時候你會注意到,________________________________。②Noteveryoneishappy.譯:_____________________并不是所有的印刷字典都是一樣的并不是每個人都高興?！局R構(gòu)建】(1)all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定副詞not連用,構(gòu)成部分否定,表示“不是都;并非都”。(2)no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表達否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用,構(gòu)成“全部否定”。*Bothofthetwomathproblemsarenotverydifficult.=

ofthetwomathproblemsareverydifficult.這兩道數(shù)學(xué)題并非都很難。*Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.Notboth有學(xué)問的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。burst的多層含義4．burstv.(burst，burst)

4．burstv.(burst，burst)

(使)爆裂；突發(fā)

n.突發(fā)；爆裂(1)burst闖進來；突然插嘴burstinto突然爆發(fā)；闖入(2)burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing放聲大笑

＝burstoutcrying放聲大哭burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/樂不可支(3)aburstof…一陣……；突然爆發(fā)……burstintotears夯基—完成句子。①Uponhisappearancetherewas__________________

applause.他一出現(xiàn)就爆發(fā)了一陣掌聲。②Hearingthebadnews,he________________anddecidedtotakeactiontofightback.聽到這個壞消息，他勃然大怒，并決定采取行動反擊。③Thepolice_________andarrestedthethief.警察突然闖進來，逮捕了小偷。aburstof

burstwithanger

burstin

提能—一句多譯。這個可愛的小男孩竟然當(dāng)眾哭了起來，這讓所有的賓客哄堂大笑。④Thelovelyboy________________inpublic,whichmadealltheguests___________________.(burstinto)⑤Thelovelyboy________________inpublic,whichmadealltheguests__________________.(burstout)burstintotears

burstintolaughter

burstoutcrying

burstoutlaughing

【知識構(gòu)建】theinjured傷員(2)injuryn.

傷;傷口;傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb. 傷害某人*Whatthenewsreported

herfame.新聞上報道的事情嚴(yán)重損害了她的名譽。5.injurevt.

損害;傷害(1)injuredadj.受傷的didagreatinjuryto【例析】單句語法填空①Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntoprevent_______(injure).②I’mfeelingverysorrytotellyouthatIhavetochangeourplantovisitYunnaninJuly,becauseoneofmyfeetgot_______(injure).

injuriesinjured【易混辨析】injure多指意外事故造成的傷害,也可指對名譽、地位的損害wound指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷,身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口,多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷hurt多指精神上受到傷害,也可指身體上的疼痛harm指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車挛锏奈：ΑＲ鉃椤皞?損害,有害于”。常用短語doharmto“對……有害”5．buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入(1)buryone’shead/faceinhands雙手抱頭/掩面(2)beburiedin＝buryoneselfin專心于beburiedinthought沉思表示“專心于；致力于”的短語還有：bedevotedtobelost/engaged/absorbedinfocus/concentrateonfix/concentrateone’sattentionon夯基—單句語法填空。①Hewalkedslowly,hishand________(bury)inhispocket.②_________(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.③Shesatthereandsaidnothing,________(bury)inthought.buried

Burying

buried

提能—句式升級。④Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.→_________________________，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)→_________________，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)Buryingherselfinthefilm

Buriedinthefilm

7．a(chǎn)greatnumberof許多；大量largequantitiesof后跟名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))作主語，謂語動詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)。largeamountsof后跟不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。夯基—單句語法填空。①Alargenumberofbooks________________(steal)fromthelibrarysofar.②Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacross_____________(decline)by50percentinrecentyears.③Morethanonedoctor_____________(involve)intherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.havebeenstolen

hasdeclined

wasinvolved

④Onesurveyshowsthatlargeamountsofwater___________(waste)everyyearinChina,andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.⑤Largequantitiesoflandinthearea__________________(reserve)fornationalparkstheseyears,which_____(be)nowhometobears,wolves,andotherwildanimals.⑥Agreatdealofmoney____________(donate)toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention.arewasted

havebeenreserved

are

wasdonated

3.injure適當(dāng)形式填空The_______personwasbadly_______inthechest.Thedoctorcouldn’tseehis______,forhewaslyingonhisstomach.injuredinjuredinjury4.bury一句多譯由于他埋頭于書本,所以不知道外面下雨了。①_________________________________,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.②________________,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.③________________________,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.BecauseheburiedhimselfinhisbookBuriedinhisbookBuryinghimselfinhisbook5.judge適當(dāng)形式填空_______fromhislooks,hemustbeanhonestman.Onthecontrary,heoftenrobsandsteals,sothe_____pointedoutthatamanshouldnotbe______byhislooks.Judgingjudgejudged6.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Afterthecrash,anambulancetookthe_______(injure)tohospitalimmediately.②________(shock)atthesadnews,myauntstoodtherestill,notknowingwhattosay.③Weofferedour______________(congratulate)toyouonyourpassingthe2015CollegeEntranceExamination.injuredShockedcongratulations④Whenpeopleusewordsand__________(express)differentfromthe“standardlanguage”,itiscalledadialect.⑤This_________(frighten)boywhosemotherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.expressionsfrightened第二板塊?？级陶Z句式1.atanend結(jié)束;終結(jié)【例析】①Myholidayisat___endandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.②Whydidtheboyhavetearsinhiseyes__theend?anin【短語串記】使……結(jié)束cometoanend 完成;結(jié)束intheend 最后makeendsmeet 量入為出;使收支平衡attheendof 在……盡頭(末)bytheendof 到……末為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)(2)endupwith以……結(jié)束(3)ending n.

結(jié)局,結(jié)尾endless adj.無止境的;連續(xù)的too＋adj./adv.＋(forsb.)todosth.“(對某人來說)太……不能……”，表示否定意義。1.Inthefarmyard,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農(nóng)家院里，雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。too…to在下列情況下表示肯定意義：①當(dāng)too前面有副詞far，much，but，only修飾，此結(jié)構(gòu)沒有否定意義，而表示肯定。②too后面的形容詞表示心情或描繪性形容詞的時候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意義。③too…to…中的too前面有never，can’t等時，此結(jié)構(gòu)為雙重否定表示肯定。can’t…too/enough…表示“無論……也不為過”。①(牛津高階)It’s_____________anythingaboutitnow.現(xiàn)在進行任何補救都為時已晚。②You____________________whiledrivingacar.在開車時，你越小心越好。③Heisonly________________acceptyourinvitation.他非常高興地接受了你的邀請。toolatetodo

can’tbetoocareful

toodelightedto

④Uponhearingtheteacher’stalk,thechildrenprobablyfeltthatitsounded_________________.聽到老師的話，孩子們很可能覺得事情聽起來太好了而有些不太真實。toogoodtobetrue

沒有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的。/任何事都是值得慶祝的。Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.Itseems/looksasif…“似乎/好像……”。asif引導(dǎo)表語從句。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界好像到了末日。(1)asif從句用陳述語氣從句表示的情況是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的(2)asif從句用虛擬語氣從句所述不真實或極少有可能發(fā)生①從句用一般過去時(與現(xiàn)在的事實相反)②從句用過去完成時(與過去的事實相反)③從句用would/could/mightdo形式(與將來的事實相反)夯基—單句語法填空①Don’thandlethevaseasifit______(be)madeofsteel.②ThemanIfollowedsuddenlystoppedasif_______(see)ifhewasgoingintherightdirection.were

tosee

③Look!Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit____(be)goingtorain.

④Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____________(break).is

werebroken

提能—單句寫作。⑦(福建高考書面表達)一對年輕夫婦坐在船上吃著東西，說著話，大笑著，好像他們是這世界上僅有的人。Ayoungcoupleinaboatwereeat