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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)燕山學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.
Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.
Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.
1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?
2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way(
).
3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?
4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer(
).
5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Activeincommunication
B.Attractiveinpersonality.
C.enjoyableinperformance
D.unpredictableinbehavior
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Quick
B.unpredictable
C.productive
D.inconspicuous.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.
B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.
C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife
D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.favorable
B.critical
C.vague
D.hesitant
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Artificialrelationships.
B.Howtoformintimaterelationships
C.Theaffectionatemachine
D.Humansandcomputers
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器有一點(diǎn)不可預(yù)測(cè)),因此D項(xiàng)與原文不符。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整個(gè)過程將以一種微妙的方式完成,以避免給人一種過于熟悉的印象,這可能會(huì)引起不安)。表明這種電腦與人類建立關(guān)系的過程是'inasubtleway,故選D項(xiàng)(不顯眼的,不引人注意的)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)發(fā)展或改變?cè)掝},并擁有自己的個(gè)性),可以看出A跟D項(xiàng)有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但當(dāng)它逐漸了解用戶時(shí),它會(huì)發(fā)展成一種更輕松、更貼心的風(fēng)格),可以看出C項(xiàng)有提到。而B選項(xiàng)(對(duì)早起的接觸很敏感)與"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故選B。
4.態(tài)度方向。形容這種電腦作者用到的詞匯有:comfortable、interesting等,不難看出作者對(duì)這種電腦的態(tài)度是"favorable"贊賞的。
5.主旨大意題。作者介紹了這種“仿真交際”電腦與人類如何建立關(guān)系,并圍繞這種電腦的各項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)來介紹它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題最合適。
2.單選題
Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.
Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.
Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.
Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.
Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.
I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?
1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?
2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis(
).
3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct
(
).
4.Theword“l(fā)eniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.
B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.
C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.
D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.inherentlygood
B.subjecttoexteriorinfluence
C.geneticallydetermined
D.originallyevil
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplications
B.contributetotheresistancetoinnersin
C.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonesty
D.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.honestly
B.falsely
C.tolerantly
D.subjectively
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.(幾乎人人都會(huì)欺騙他人,雖然通常只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。這也是DnanelAriely的新書《不誠(chéng)實(shí)的事實(shí)》中的主題之一)可知B選項(xiàng)“我們不太可能真正誠(chéng)實(shí)”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.(在過去的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里,大多數(shù)西方人都會(huì)認(rèn)定自己從根本上是墮落的罪人)可知選D,西方傳統(tǒng)文化認(rèn)為人性本惡。
3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.(成為一個(gè)欠佳的人,但總體上是一個(gè)好人就足夠了)可推測(cè)在goodpersonconstruct結(jié)構(gòu)下人們對(duì)自己的要求降低了,以及本文主要講的是關(guān)于誠(chéng)實(shí)的話題,那么人們也就不那么誠(chéng)實(shí)了,因此選C。
4.詞義題。honestly意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”;falsely意為“虛偽地,不實(shí)地”;tolerantly意為“寬容地,包容地”;subjectively意為“主觀地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.(鑒于我們?cè)诤侠砘妥云燮廴朔矫媪钊司次返哪芰?,我們大多?shù)人都會(huì)……衡量自己)可知我們會(huì)用欺騙的手段合理化自己行為,因此排除A、D選項(xiàng);由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我們給自己的定位是好人,可排除B選項(xiàng),因此選C。
3.單選題
Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.
Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.
Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.
Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.
Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.
Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(一廂情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.
Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”
1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans().
2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby().
3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?
4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence().
5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards
B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays
C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings
D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.itsgrowingwealth
B.theself-centerednessofindividuals
C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges
D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Greatmobility
B.Emphasisonindividualeffort
C.Concernforone’sneighbors
D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.assomethingunheardof
B.attractedalotofpublicattention
C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence
D.begantoappearinanalysts’data
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”
B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights
C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice
D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans(道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長(zhǎng)期以來一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。)后文說JeanBethkeElshtain對(duì)于這個(gè)很開心,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒有提到,因此排除。
2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.(美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。)從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國(guó)社會(huì)最大的障礙,也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚,和財(cái)富本身的增長(zhǎng)沒有直接聯(lián)系,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated(挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估),這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism,但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change,因此屬于偷換概念,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段,根據(jù)篇章分析對(duì)這一段的說明,這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象,因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降,因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。
3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.(她說,這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體,在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中,鄰居們互相照顧。)由此可見,對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.(隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng),以及如此多的夫妻都在工作,這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱,取而代之的是對(duì)自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。)這里提到了高流動(dòng)性,高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化,鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長(zhǎng),也就無法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系,當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料??梢哉fA是造成B和D的原因之一(另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班,也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往),而B和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn),不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此A、B、D不對(duì)。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers(數(shù)據(jù)顯示,美國(guó)人正艱難應(yīng)對(duì)問題聞所未聞的1950年代,如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。)開頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,美國(guó)人正在同許多問題做斗爭(zhēng),這些問題在五十年代聞所未聞(unheardof),suchas表示例舉,說明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子,由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說法與A正好相反,bynomeans,絕非;rare,極少,雙重否定等于肯定,也就是說班級(jí)暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生,是錯(cuò)誤的;B的說法與A相互矛盾,既然聞所未聞,也就不可能投入關(guān)注;D有一定迷惑性,按照句意,班級(jí)暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中,因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意,題目的開頭有一句Inthe1950s,也就是說班級(jí)暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級(jí)暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞,當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。
5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段,Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety(除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法,否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。)因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒有提到的,B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。
4.單選題
Creamisayellowishoil-in-water()whichformsWhenmilkisallowedtostand.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.emulsion
B.albumen
C.embrocation
D.yolk
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。emulsion“乳劑”;albumen“蛋白”;embrocation“擦劑”;yolk“蛋黃”。句意:奶油是一種淡黃色的水包油乳劑,牛奶凝固就可形成奶油。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
5.單選題
Westernmedicine,()scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees,isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.rootedin
B.originatedfrom
C.trappedin
D.indulgedin
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。rootin“來源于,起因于”;originatefrom“發(fā)源于,起源于”;trapin“受困于”;indulgein“沉溺于”。句意:西藥從科學(xué)發(fā)展而來,通過人們的實(shí)踐獲得國(guó)際認(rèn)定的醫(yī)學(xué)地位,它只是眾多治療系統(tǒng)中的一種。originatefrom指一般意義上的來源于某地。rootin有“扎根于,根植于”的意思。所以選項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。
6.單選題
Thecommissionwouldfinditself()ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.collided
B.displeased
C.crumbled
D.hampered
【答案】D
【解析】collided碰撞,沖突;displeased生氣的;crumbled破碎的;hampered受阻的。句意:如果委員們不能達(dá)成協(xié)議,委員會(huì)就會(huì)處處受阻。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
7.單選題
Sofar,thegovernmentofthatcountryliasdone()nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.perceptibly
B.vitally
C.practically
D.identically
【答案】C
【解析】句意:到目前為止,那個(gè)國(guó)家的政府事實(shí)上沒有做任何事情去應(yīng)對(duì)核事故脅。
考查副詞辨析。perceptibly顯然地,看得出地;vitally緊要地,生死攸關(guān)地;practically幾乎,事實(shí)上;identically同一地,相等地。因此C符合句意。
8.單選題
Singaporehasonly226squaremilesofkind,butitstandsforemostamongthenationsofSouthEastAsiainhaving().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%
B.maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%
C.maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate
D.6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%“經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)保持在6%以上”;B選項(xiàng)maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%“保持年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)6倍以上”;C選項(xiàng)maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate“經(jīng)濟(jì)增速保持在6%以上”;D選項(xiàng)6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained“經(jīng)濟(jì)保持年均6%的增長(zhǎng)速度”。句意:新加坡只有226平方英里的土地,但它在東南亞國(guó)家中擁有重要的地位……,結(jié)合句意,可知選項(xiàng)C正確。
9.單選題
Whatyousaynowisnot()withwhatyousaidlastweek.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.consistent
B.persistent
C.permanent
D.insistent
【答案】A
【解析】consistent一致的;persistent固執(zhí)的;permanent永久的,不變的;insistent堅(jiān)持的。句意:你現(xiàn)在所說的與你上星期所說的不一致。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
10.單選題
Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould()fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.conceive
B.discern
C.recognize
D.distinguish
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceive“設(shè)想、想象”;B選項(xiàng)discern“辨別、識(shí)別”;C選項(xiàng)recognize“承認(rèn)、認(rèn)出”;D選項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)分、辨別”,句意為:雖然他什么也沒說,但從他的表情我們可以看出他不高興。從表情可以區(qū)分出人的情緒,distinguishfrom為固定搭配,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
11.單選題
USAisoneofthePowersintheworld,butit'sa(n)()thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.paradox
B.prejudice
C.dilemma
D.conflict
【答案】A
【解析】paradox悖論,自相矛盾的人或事;prejudice偏見;dilemma困境;conflict沖突,矛盾。句意:美國(guó)是世界大國(guó)之一,但在如此富裕的國(guó)家卻有如此多的窮人,這是一個(gè)悖論。
12.翻譯題
辛楣也笑了一笑,說:“鴻漸,我在路上要改變作風(fēng)了。我比你會(huì)花錢,貪嘴,貪舒服。在李和顧的眼睛里,咱們倆也許是一對(duì)無知小子,不識(shí)物力艱難,不體諒旁人。從今以后,我不作主了,膳宿一切,都聽他們支配。免得我們挑了貴的旅館飯館,勉強(qiáng)他們陪著花錢。這次買船票,是個(gè)好教訓(xùn)?!?/p>
【答案】Smilingtoo,Hsin-meisaid,“Hung-chien,I’mgoingtochangemywaysontheroad.I’mbetteratspendingmoneythanyouare,andI’mmorecomfortablebeinggreedy.IntheeyesofLiandGu,wemightbothbeignorantboys,unappreciativeofmaterialhardshipandinconsiderateofothers.Iamnolongerincharge,butIamattheirdisposal,boardandlodging.Lestwepickexpensivehotelsandrestaurantsandforcethemtospendmoneywithus.Buyingaboatticketthistimeisagoodlesson.”
13.翻譯題
ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.
Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.
Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalizationofscientificactivity.
Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.(Nevertheless,theword'amateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity,andinparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.
Theurowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.
AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.
Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.
AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalizationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.
【答案】另一結(jié)果是科研活動(dòng)的日益專業(yè)化。
然而,“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確包含這樣一個(gè)內(nèi)涵,即所提到的人無法完全融入科學(xué)界,尤其是,他們可能無法完全認(rèn)同這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值觀。
十九世紀(jì),由于長(zhǎng)期而復(fù)雜的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練,專業(yè)化的發(fā)展給從事科研的業(yè)余人員帶來了更大的問題。
作為這一發(fā)展的合理結(jié)果,不同的期刊面向不同的讀者,專業(yè)的或者業(yè)余的。
盡管職業(yè)化和專業(yè)化進(jìn)程在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)地質(zhì)界進(jìn)行得非常深入,但是它所產(chǎn)生的影響到20世紀(jì)才體現(xiàn)出來。
14.單選題
Thereisgrowing()amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.consensus
B.concession
C.conception
D.contention
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識(shí),一致”,B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步,妥協(xié)”,C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想,懷孕”,D選項(xiàng)contention“爭(zhēng)論,觀點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們?cè)絹碓揭恢抡J(rèn)為,僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。
15.單選題
Intimesofeconomicdifficulty,corporatebudgetsforresearchdevelopmentareoften()beforeanyothers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.shifted
B.examined
C.slashed
D.presented
【答案】C
【解析】shift轉(zhuǎn)移,變換;examine檢查;slash削減;present提出,呈現(xiàn)。句意:在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期,企業(yè)的研究開發(fā)預(yù)算往往比其他任何時(shí)候都要先削減。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
16.單選題
Theeditor-in-chiefbegs(
)tomorrow’smeeting.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobeexcusedtoattend
B.tobeexcusedtoattending
C.toexcusetoattend
D.toexcusefromattending
【答案】A
【解析】為了參加明天的會(huì)議,主編請(qǐng)求準(zhǔn)予離開。固定搭配題。excusesb.fromsth.為固定用法,表示“同意某人不做;免除某人”,根據(jù)句意‘是同意…’,所以排除因此排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)?!皌oattendtomorrow’smeeting”為不定式短語作目的狀語,因此答案選A。
17.單選題
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat(1)doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwasless(2)then,however,werethenew,positive(3)thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.(4),therearereasonstobe(5).
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore(6),itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential(7)thereare.Moreandmore(8),afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft(9),wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe(10)together.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewill(11)ratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor(12)worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywayto(13)poverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithas(14)potential.
To(15)advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices(16)respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an(17)oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof(18)(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.Andthatis(19)America’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—(20)roads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.divide
B.information
C.world
D.lecture
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.obscure
B.visible
C.invisible
D.indistinct
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.forces
B.obstacles
C.events
D.surprises
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Seriously
B.Entirely
C.Actually
D.Continuously
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.negative
B.optimistic
C.pleasant
D.disappointed
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.developed
B.centralized
C.realized
D.commercialized
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.users
B.producers
C.customers
D.citizens
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.enterprises
B.governments
C.officials
D.customers
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.away
B.for
C.aside
D.behind
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.netted
B.worked
C.put
D.organized
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.decrease
B.narrow
C.neglect
D.low
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.containing
B.preventing
C.keeping
D.combating
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.win
B.detail
C.defeat
D.fear
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.enormous
B.countless
C.numerical
D.big
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.bring
B.keep
C.hold
D.take
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.at
B.with
C.of
D.for
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.offence
B.investment
C.invasion
D.insult
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.construction
B.facility
C.infrastructure
D.institution
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.why
B.where
C.when
D.how
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.concerning
B.concluding
C.according
D.including
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:D
第7題:C
第8題:B
第9題:D
第10題:A
第11題:B
第12題:D
第13題:C
第14題:A
第15題:D
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:C
第19題:A
第20題:D
【解析】1.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查上下文語義銜接。A項(xiàng)表示“分歧,差異”,B項(xiàng)表示“信息”,C項(xiàng)表示“世界”,D項(xiàng)表示“演講”。上文提到了divide,整句表達(dá)的意思是“現(xiàn)今,人們對(duì)所謂的信息鴻溝給予了大量的關(guān)注:世界被劃分為信息富人和信息窮人”,下一句依舊是對(duì)上文的描述,所以此空要填divide。句意:這種差異現(xiàn)今確實(shí)存在。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯。A項(xiàng)表示“晦澀的,模糊的”,B項(xiàng)表示“看得見的,明顯的”,C項(xiàng)表示“無形的,看不見的”,D項(xiàng)表示“朦朧的,難以清楚辨認(rèn)的”。根據(jù)however可知,此句是對(duì)上一句的對(duì)比,結(jié)合句子意思“然而,當(dāng)時(shí)不那么______的是,新的、積極的______正在消除數(shù)字鴻溝”,此處填visible符合句意。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
3.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯。A項(xiàng)表示“力量”,B項(xiàng)表示“阻礙”,C項(xiàng)表示“事件”,D項(xiàng)表示“驚喜”。根據(jù)句子意思“然而,當(dāng)時(shí)不那么明顯的是,新的、積極的______正在消除數(shù)字鴻溝”可知,填入force符合語義。句意:然而,當(dāng)時(shí)不那么明顯的是,新的、積極的力量正在消除數(shù)字鴻溝。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查上下文語義銜接。A項(xiàng)表示“認(rèn)真地,嚴(yán)重地”,B項(xiàng)表示“完全地,徹底地”,C項(xiàng)表示“實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上”,D項(xiàng)表示“連續(xù)不斷地”。上文提到“新的、積極的力量正在消除數(shù)字鴻溝”,所以這一句是對(duì)上一句的肯定,只有actually能夠符合。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
5.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查上下文語義銜接。A項(xiàng)表示“消極的”,B項(xiàng)表示“樂觀的”,C項(xiàng)表示“令人愉快的,舒適的”,D項(xiàng)表示“失望的,沮喪的”。上文提到positive,所以這里不可能是A、D項(xiàng)。這一段講的事情是數(shù)字鴻溝正在被新的、積極的力量消除,所以這是“樂觀的”。句意:事實(shí)上,我們有理由感到樂觀。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
6.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯的并列關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)表示“發(fā)展”,B項(xiàng)表示“集中”,C項(xiàng)表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”,D項(xiàng)表示“商業(yè)化”。由后面itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess(普及上網(wǎng)會(huì)對(duì)商家有利)中的business和access對(duì)應(yīng)可知,空格處要填入和business有關(guān)的詞,只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意:隨著國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)越來越商業(yè)化,普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)對(duì)商家有利。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
7.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯的解釋性關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)表示“用戶”,B項(xiàng)表示“生產(chǎn)者”,C項(xiàng)表示“客戶,顧客”,D項(xiàng)表示“市民”。破折號(hào)前面講“普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)對(duì)商家有利”,后面對(duì)這種“有利”進(jìn)行解釋,對(duì)應(yīng)business的人群應(yīng)該是customers。句意:因?yàn)樯暇W(wǎng)的人越多,潛在的顧客就越多。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
8.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯。A項(xiàng)表示“企業(yè)”,B項(xiàng)表示“政府”,C項(xiàng)表示“官員,行政人員”,D項(xiàng)表示“客戶”。根據(jù)賓語countries可知,空格處要填入與其相關(guān)的名詞做主語。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,與countries相關(guān)的一般是governments,所以B項(xiàng)符合。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
9.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)表示“離開,離去”,B項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)?,?duì)于”,C項(xiàng)表示“在旁邊”,D項(xiàng)表示“落在后面”。該空格要填入和left搭配的詞語,只有behind可以與之搭配,leftbehind表示“落后”。句意:越來越多的政府擔(dān)心自己的國(guó)家會(huì)落后,希望普及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
10.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查語義銜接。A項(xiàng)表示“用網(wǎng)捕獲的”,B項(xiàng)表示“工作”,C項(xiàng)表示“拿”,D項(xiàng)表示“組織”。上一句還提到“越來越多的國(guó)家要求接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”,所以這一空要填入和internet相關(guān)的詞語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合。句意:在未來的10年或20年里,地球上將有10到20億人被網(wǎng)連接起來。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
11.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯的對(duì)立關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)表示“減小,降低”,B項(xiàng)表示“縮小,變窄”,C項(xiàng)表示“忽視”,D項(xiàng)表示“低的”。句子中的ratherthan表示“而不是”,所以前后的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是對(duì)立關(guān)系,后面說的是widen,那么前面應(yīng)該是narrow。句意:因此,我現(xiàn)在相信在未來幾年,數(shù)字鴻溝將會(huì)縮小而不是擴(kuò)大。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
12.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯。A項(xiàng)表示“包含”,B項(xiàng)表示“防止”,C項(xiàng)表示“保持”,D項(xiàng)表示“戰(zhàn)斗,對(duì)抗”。根據(jù)句子意思“這是一個(gè)非常好的消息,因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)可能是我們有史以來______世界貧困最有力的工具”,空格處的動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的對(duì)象是worldpoverty,結(jié)合themostpowerfultool可知,combating符合句意。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
13.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查上下文語義銜接。A項(xiàng)表示“獲勝”,B項(xiàng)表示“詳述”,C項(xiàng)表示“擊敗”,D項(xiàng)表示“恐懼,害怕”。上文提到“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是對(duì)抗貧困有力的工具”,所以這里同樣要填入和combating有相似意思的詞,只有defeat符合。句意:當(dāng)然,使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并不是戰(zhàn)勝貧困的唯一方法。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
14.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)表示“龐大的,巨大的”,B項(xiàng)表示“數(shù)不盡的”,C項(xiàng)表示“數(shù)值的,數(shù)字的”,D項(xiàng)表示“(體積、程度、數(shù)量等)大的”。上一句提到“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并不是我們擁有的唯一工具”。下一句就用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,空格處是做定語修飾potential,所以只能填enormous。句意:但它有巨大的潛力。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
15.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)表示“帶來”,B項(xiàng)表示“保持”,C項(xiàng)表示“持有”,D項(xiàng)表示“拿”。此處為固定搭配,takeadvantageof表示“利用”。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
16.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)表示“在……”,B項(xiàng)表示“和”,C項(xiàng)表示“……的”,D項(xiàng)表示“對(duì)于,因?yàn)椤薄4颂帪楣潭ù钆?,withrespectto表示“關(guān)于,至于”。句意:為了利用這一工具,一些貧困國(guó)家將不得不克服他們對(duì)外國(guó)投資過時(shí)的反殖民偏見。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
17.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查上下文語義銜接。A項(xiàng)表示“冒犯”,B項(xiàng)表示“投資”,C項(xiàng)表示“入侵”,D項(xiàng)表示“侮辱”。上一句還提到了“一些貧困國(guó)家將不得不克服他們對(duì)外國(guó)投資過時(shí)的反殖民偏見”,這一句講到“那些仍然認(rèn)為外國(guó)投資是對(duì)其主權(quán)______的國(guó)家……”,根據(jù)上文的anti-colonial可知,該空格要填入和colonial相關(guān)的詞語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)符合。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
18.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查句內(nèi)邏輯的解釋性關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)表示“建筑物”,B項(xiàng)表示“設(shè)施,設(shè)備”,C項(xiàng)表示“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,公共建設(shè)”,D項(xiàng)表示“制度,建立”。根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)對(duì)空格處的解釋thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety(社會(huì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)),且下一句中提到了infrastructure可知,該空格填入infrastructure符合。句意:那些認(rèn)為外國(guó)投資是對(duì)本國(guó)主權(quán)的侵犯的國(guó)家最好還是研究一下美國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(社會(huì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))建設(shè)歷史。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
19.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯的因果關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)表示“為什么”,B項(xiàng)表示“在哪里”,C項(xiàng)表示“何時(shí)”,D項(xiàng)表示“如何”。上一句提到“當(dāng)美國(guó)建設(shè)其工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時(shí),它沒有足夠的資金”,下一句接著說“這就是______美國(guó)的第二次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施都是用外國(guó)投資建造的”,由此可知,上一句是對(duì)這一句的解釋,這一句是結(jié)果,所以用why。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
20.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查句間邏輯。A項(xiàng)表示“關(guān)于”,B項(xiàng)表示“結(jié)束”,C項(xiàng)表示“根據(jù)”,D項(xiàng)表示“包括”??崭袼诓糠质菍?duì)前面infrastructure的解釋,B、C選項(xiàng)明顯不符合。由后面對(duì)infrastructure的解釋:roads,harbors,highway
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