考研考博-英語-山東財經(jīng)大學(xué)東方學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東財經(jīng)大學(xué)東方學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wesawthecanoe（

）,throwingitspassengersintothewater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prostrate

B.overturn

C.simulate

D.brag

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prostrate“將……弄倒”；B選項(xiàng)overturn“推翻，傾覆”；C選項(xiàng)simulate“模仿，假裝”；D選項(xiàng)brag“吹牛，吹噓”。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞“canoe獨(dú)木舟”，可知“overturn顛覆，傾翻”最符合題意，句意為：我們看見獨(dú)木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀進(jìn)水里。故選項(xiàng)B意思與之接近。

2.單選題

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。選項(xiàng)A，B，C結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如果放于句中缺少連詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.翻譯題

學(xué)問是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環(huán)境好，圖書設(shè)備充足，有良師益友指導(dǎo)啟發(fā)，當(dāng)然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個人在學(xué)問上就有成就。世間也有不少在學(xué)問上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個人自己的努力。求學(xué)是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

4.單選題

Manyofyouyoungpersonsoutthereareseriouslythinkingaboutgoingtocollege.(Thatis,ofcourse,alie.Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.Trustme:thesearecloselyrelatedtocollege).Collegeisbasicallyabunchofroomswhereyousitforroughlytwothousandhoursandtrytomemorizethings.Thetwothousandhoursarespreadoutoverfouryears;youspendtherestofthetimesleepingandtryingtogetdates.

Basically,youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege:

Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).Theseincludehowtomakecollecttelephonecallsandgetbeerandcrepe-paperstainsoutofyourpajamas.

Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).Thesearethethingsyoulearninclasseswhosenamesendin-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics,andsoon.Theideaisyoumemorizethesethings,thenwritethemdowninlittleexambooks,thenforgetthem.Ifyoufailtoforgetthem,youbecomeaprofessorandhavetostayincollegefortherestofyourlife.

It’sverydifficulttoforgeteverything.Forexample,whenIwasincollege,Ihadtomemorize—don’taskmewhy—thenamesofthemetaphysicalpoetsotherthanJohnDonne.Ihavemanagedtoforgetoneofthem,butIstillrememberthattheothertwowerenamedVaughanandCrashaw.

Sometimes,whenI’mtryingtoremembersomethingimportant,likewhethermywifetoldmetogettunapackedinoilortunapackedinwater,VaughanandCrashawjustpopupinmymind,rightthereinthesupermarket.It’saterriblewasteofbraincells.

Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor,whichisthesubjectyouintendtomemorizeandforgetthemostthingsabout.Hereisaveryimportantpieceofadvice:besuretochooseamajorthatdoesnotinvolveKnownFactsandRightAnswers.

Thismeansthatyoumustnotmajorinmathematics,physics,biologyorchemistry,becausethesesubjectsinvolveactualfacts.If,forexample,youmajorinmathematics,you’regoingtowanderintoclassonedayandtheprofessorwillsay:“Definethecosineintegerofthequadrantoftherhomboidbinaryaxis,andextrapolateyourresulttofivesignificantvertices.’’Ifyoudon’tcomeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry:ifyouwriteinyourexambookthatcarbonandhydrogencombinetoformoak,yourprofessorwillflunkyou.Hewantsyoutocomeupwiththesameanswerheandalltheotherchemistshaveagreedon.Scientistsareextremelysnottyaboutthis.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarecloselyrelatedtocollege?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldthecollegestudentslearnincollege?

3.Whenshouldthecollegestudentschooseamajor?

4.Theword“flunk”inthelastparagraphmeans_____.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thinkingandstudy.

B.Shoppingandmusic.

C.Musicandsex.

D.Sleepingandthinking.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtomemorizethingsandtogetdates.

B.Thethingsyouwillneedandnotneedtoknowinlaterlife.

C.Howtoforgeteverythingandtowritepoets.

D.Howtoenhancememoryandstudyability.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Themomenttheygotocollege.

B.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegefornearlytwoyears.

C.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegeforayearorso.

D.Whentheybecomeasenior.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.float

B.fail

C.ridicule

D.dupe

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMythofCollege

B.WhatCanYouLearninCollege

C.HowtoEnjoyYourCollegeLife

D.TheImportanceofCollege

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.”，可知作者提出年輕人唯一認(rèn)真考慮的事情是吵鬧的音樂和性。所以這兩件事與大學(xué)密切相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege”，第三段第一句，“Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).”，以及第四段第一句，“Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).”，可知大學(xué)生需要做學(xué)習(xí)的兩件事就是：需要知道的事和不需要知道的事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段第一句，“Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor…”，可知，上大學(xué)一年左后，應(yīng)該選一個專業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.語義題?！啊璫omeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry…yourprofessorwillflunkyou.”，列舉了兩件類似事情，根據(jù)前一句的failure可知，如果你不能在教科書里寫出碳?xì)浣Y(jié)合形成橡樹，你的教授同樣會讓你不及格，所以flunk也是失敗的意思。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文，第一段作者介紹了大學(xué)里密不可分的事情是音樂和性，第二三四段介紹了在大學(xué)中你必須學(xué)到了兩件事，所以B和C選項(xiàng)是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，不夠全面，選項(xiàng)B、C可排除。選項(xiàng)D中大學(xué)的重要性文章沒有提及，可排除。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Iwasgreatlydisappointed___thataffair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.in

C.to

D.toward

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。bedisappointedin“對……感到失望”，A選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)以及D選項(xiàng)不和bedisappointed搭配。句意：我對那件事非常失望。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。subject“使……隸屬；使屈從于……”；adjust“調(diào)整，使……適合”；devote“致力于；奉獻(xiàn)”；entitle“定名為……；使……有權(quán)利”。根據(jù)后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推測空格處應(yīng)該填入一個帶有貶義的詞，besubjectto是一個固定詞組，意思是“遭受”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：每個被采訪的人都遭遇過不公平的對待。

7.單選題

Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.touch

B.reach

C.connect

D.attain

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Touch“接觸，觸摸”；reach“與…..取得聯(lián)系”；connect“連接，聯(lián)合”；attain“取得，獲得”。句意：她試圖通過電話與他得聯(lián)系，因?yàn)樗泻苤匾南⒏嬖V他。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Amajorgoaloflaw,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.serious

B.coercive

C.credible

D.deceptive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。serious“嚴(yán)肅的；認(rèn)真的”；coercive“強(qiáng)制的”；credible“可靠的；可信的”；deceptive“欺詐的；虛偽的”。句意：通過懲罰違法犯罪者來阻止?jié)撛诘淖锓甘欠傻囊粋€主要目的，當(dāng)法律懲罰很少被實(shí)行以至于它不再是一種可信的震懾時，該主要目的就沒有達(dá)到。由“Amajorgoalisnotserved目標(biāo)沒達(dá)到”可知C項(xiàng)符合語境。

9.單選題

Toavoidanoilshortage,weshouldadvocatethatmoremachinesmust（

）solarenergyinashorttime,andthismadeothersastonished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accelerate

B.operate

C.generate

D.utilize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Accelerate“加速”；operate“運(yùn)行”；generate“產(chǎn)生”；

Utilize“利用”。句意：為了避免石油不足，我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)在短時間內(nèi)機(jī)器使用太陽能。這種想法讓其他人感到震驚。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.填空題

Theeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodsprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cinfoodsprices改為infoodprices

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】C部分的food是統(tǒng)稱，指的是所有食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，所以用單數(shù)food。

【句意】主要由于政府逐漸減少在食物方面的支持，同時食物價格上漲，該國食物情況惡化。

11.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component組件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜除了配料外，其他各個方面都像肉？選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

12.翻譯題

“Backtobusinessasusual”wastherallyingcrytakenupbyNewYorkersayearago,afterterroristsdestroyedtheWorldTradeCenter.Remarkably,asortofnormalityhasreturnedtothecity.Thefirstfewmonthsaftertheattackweredreadful,butthenewyearbroughtnewhope;touristsandbusinessmenstartedtoreturn;thehotelsandBroadwayshowsbegantofillup.Thissummer,thecity’seconomyhasreportedlyresumedgrowthafteradeeprecession.

Evenso,itwouldbewrongtoconcludethatlifehasreturnedtonormal.NewYorkremainsconsumedwithgriefforthethousandsofliveslost,rememberedthisweekincountlessservicesthroughoutthecity一bigandsmall,privateandpublic.Themostmovingwasthereadingofthenamesofeachmurderedindividual,whichcamejustafteroneminute’ssilencewasobservedat8:46a.m.onSeptember11th,theexactanniversaryofthefirstplanehittingthefirsttower.CanNewYorkeverhavebeensoquiet?

TherewasabriefmomentofcollectivepanicaroundMemorialDayinlateMay,afterthefederalgovernmentstartedsharingitsfearsthatterroristsmighttargetcitieswithweaponsofmassivedestructionandtheNewYorkTimesMagazineranacoverstoryexploringwhatmighthappenifanuclearbombwentoffinTimesSquare.Butthisweek’sceremonieshavepushedthesefearsoncemoretotheforefrontofpeople’sminds.

HowcanNewYorkersachievethe“closure”mostofthemyearnforwhentheyknowthatthosewhotooktheirfriendsandcolleaguescouldathandmomentcomebacktoforthem?Therewillbeacollectivesighofreliefoncethisanniversaryweekhasbeen(hopefully)safelynegotiated,butmostNewYorkerswillnotforgetthatwhatmadethecitysuchanattractivetargetayearagocontinuestomakeitthelikeliestfocusforanyfutureattackinAmerica.

Thecity’sboostersclaimthatpeoplewerebondedmorecloselythanevertotheBigApplebythecommunalpullingtogetheroftherecoveryeffort.

Itisdebatablewhetherthiswouldhavehappenediftheterroristshadstruckagain,orhaddonesomoreeffectivelythanwiththefewanthrax-carrying(含有炭疽病毒的)lettersthatwerereceivedlastOctoberfromstill-unknownauthors.Fornow,thelureofNewYorkhaspersuadedmostofitsinhabitantstogamblethatSeptember11thwasaone-off.

Suchcalculationssurelyoverstatetheterrorists’impact,becausetheyassumethattheattackstoppedanascenteconomicup-turninitstracks.ThatgivesinsufficientweighttothedamagethatWallStreetwouldhavesufferedanywayduetothecrisisofinvestorconfidencefollowingthecollapseofEnron,theaccountingscandalsandsoforth.

【答案】五月底的陣亡將士紀(jì)念日快到了,大眾感到一陣恐慌,因?yàn)槁?lián)邦政府像民眾一樣擔(dān)心恐怖分子也許會用大規(guī)模殺傷性武器襲擊一些城市。紐約《時代》雜志刊登了與封面圖片有關(guān)的文章,探討如果核彈在時報廣場爆炸會發(fā)生什么樣的情況。

（但愿）周年紀(jì)念周安全度過以后,大眾都會松一口氣。但是,大多數(shù)紐約人不會忘記,既然紐約一年前成為恐怖襲擊的目標(biāo),它以后仍最有可能成為美國受到襲擊的重要目標(biāo)。

如果恐怖分子再度襲擊,如果襲擊比去年10月從幾位匿名作者那里收到的、含有炭疽病毒的信件更可怕,公眾是否還會如此團(tuán)結(jié),這一點(diǎn)尚有爭議。

13.單選題

Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestants（新教徒）livedtoAmerica.AlthoughtheChurchofEnglandwasanestablishedchurchinseveralcolonies,Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.Alreadytheyhadbeguntoinfluenceeachother.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.

AtthesametimetheworksofJohnLockewerebecomingknowninAmerica.JohnLockereasonedthattherighttogoverncomesfromanagreementor“socialcontract”voluntarilyenteredintobyfreepeople.ThePuritanexperienceinformingcongregationsmadethisideaseemnaturaltomanyAmericans.Takingitoutoftherealmofsocialtheory,theymadeitarealityandformedanation.

ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.

ManytraditionalProtestantsanddeistscouldagree,however,that,astheDeclarationofIndependencestates，”allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,”andthat“thelawsofNatureandNature’sGod”entitledthemtoformanewnation.Amongtherightsthatthenewnationguaranteed,asapoliticalnecessityinareligiouslydiversesociety,wasfreedomofreligion.

TheFirstAmendment（修正案）totheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion.TheUnitedStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligioninthisway,thosemenwhoformulatedtheprincipaltenetsofthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsystemhopedtoinsurethatdiversityofreligionbeliefshouldneverbecomethesourceofsocialorpoliticalinjusticeordisaffection.

TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Butdiditmeanthatgovernmentwouldbereligiouslyneutral,treatingallreligionsalike?

Insomeways,thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxestotheUnitedStatesPresidentsandotherpoliticalleadersoftencallonGodtoblesstheAmericannationandpeople.Thosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofightcanperformotherservicesinsteadofbecomingsoldiers.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministerssalariesorrequireanybelief-notevenabeliefinGod-asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.

Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposedittreatsallreligionsalikeatleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.

1.WhatistheGreatAwakening?

2.WhatcontrolledAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependence?

3.（

）

entitledAmericanstohavethefreedomofreligion.

4.IntheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,itisstipulatedthat

5.Whichofthefollowingistheproofthatthegovernmentignoresreligioninsomeways?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TocutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroupsordenomination.

B.Arevivalmovementofseekingtobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion.

C.Tolivesidebysideinrelativeharmony.

D.Tospreadreligiousideatoothercountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Politics

B.Religion

C.Protestants

D.Church

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheFirstAmendment

B.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates

C.AmericanGovernment

D.TheDeclarationofIndependence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmentcanentitlestate-supportedreligiontoenjoysomespecialrights

B.thegovernmentcannottakeanyactiontolimitthepracticeofanyreligion

C.theUnitedStateswouldhavenonationalreligion

D.thegovernmentwillnotinterveneinthesocialorpoliticalinjustice

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ReligiousgroupneednotpaytaxesintheUnitesStates.

B.PresidentseldomcallsonGodtoblessAmericaanditspeople

C.Forthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,oathscanbereplacedbyasolemnaffirmationordeclaration.

D.Forthosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofight,performingotherservicescantaketheplaceofbeingsoldiers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations提及“大覺醒運(yùn)動”是為了為宗教帶來新氣象和新力量，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward提到戰(zhàn)時政治占據(jù)了人們的思想，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第四段提及《獨(dú)立宣言》（theDeclarationofIndependence）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人們具有某些不可剝奪的權(quán)利，宗教自由就是其中之一。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第五段和第六段提及美國《憲法》《第一修正案》禁止政府樹立官方宗教或阻礙宗教自由，也不允許參與宗教事務(wù)和對公民的強(qiáng)加宗教信仰（forbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion）。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead提到向上帝宣誓并非強(qiáng)制性的，例如貴格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)seized“逮住，抓住”；B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓，餓死”；C選項(xiàng)calculated“計算”；D選項(xiàng)split“劈開”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民數(shù)量從112人下降到了58人。根據(jù)前半句表述的因?yàn)槿鄙偈澄锖退?，可知后半句中非法移民?shù)量減少的原因是挨餓。所以空格處填B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓，餓死”合適。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待訪問貴國。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

TheannouncementthattheSovietUnionhasreachedparitywiththeUnitedStatesinICBM’sdominatedthenewsofrocketsandmissilesthisyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.challenge

B.equality

C.velocity

D.criterion

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)，艱巨任務(wù)B.equality平等，均等

C.velocity（沿某一方向的）速度D.criterion（評判或作決定的）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】parity的意思為“（尤指薪金或地位）平等，相同”，指的是蘇聯(lián)和美國在洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈方面的實(shí)力相當(dāng)，equality與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在今年有關(guān)火箭和導(dǎo)彈的新聞中，蘇聯(lián)在洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈方面已與美國勢均力敵是特大新聞。

17.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctorstwoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialistsinagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知作者提出了美國目前初級護(hù)理醫(yī)師比例的嚴(yán)重失衡，造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解決的方法，因此C選項(xiàng)“初級保健資源萎縮”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（與人們普遍的看法相反，醫(yī)生照顧你的次數(shù)越多，就不能保證更好的護(hù)理）可知人們通常認(rèn)為醫(yī)生照顧病人越多，就越好。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（醫(yī)生們別無選擇，只能增加數(shù)量以增加收入。拒絕妥協(xié)質(zhì)量的初級保健醫(yī)師要么被逐出行業(yè)，要么從事與一些現(xiàn)金相關(guān)的行業(yè)）可知D選項(xiàng)“以犧牲質(zhì)量為代價看更多的病人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他們看到了費(fèi)用返還體制是如何嚴(yán)重地弄虛作假，不利于初級護(hù)理）可知B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)行制度是針對初級護(hù)理”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提出了解決初級護(hù)理的一些措施，包括：改革醫(yī)生返還費(fèi)用制度；減輕初級保健醫(yī)生壓力；免除選擇初級護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生貸款；縮小?？漆t(yī)師與初級護(hù)理醫(yī)師薪水的差異。因此A選項(xiàng)“縮小專家和初級保健醫(yī)生之間的工資差距”符合題意。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我們所遇到的幾乎所有重要問題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)是無法解決這些問題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學(xué)和生物學(xué)一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當(dāng)它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

19.單選題

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（長壽）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流產(chǎn)）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womendidnotlivelonger