考研考博-英語-山東理工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東理工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Then

C.Besides

D.Asaresult

【答案】A

【解析】連詞詞義辨析。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為從句的連接詞，因此要先分析兩句之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意‘在科學(xué)上專業(yè)人員與業(yè)余科研人員之間并沒有明確的分界線。然而，“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確有這樣一個(gè)含義，即相關(guān)人員無法完全融入這一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域?！芍昂髢删渲g是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)then表示承接關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)asaresult表示因果關(guān)系，與此不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)besides表示“除此之外還有”，是意思上的一種遞進(jìn)，不符，排除，A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，不過，雖然如此”正確。

2.單選題

FollowingtheguidelinesforspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder,（

）duringthemeeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andavoidlargedecision-makingorganizations’proceduralcanfusion

B.largedecision-makingorganizationsavoidproceduralconfusion

C.isproceduralconfusionavoidedbylargedecision-makingorganizations

D.areavoidingproceduralconfusioninlargedecision-makingorganizations

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。題干主語為Followingtheguidelines，其后的forspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder是后置定語。句意：遵循羅伯特的《議事規(guī)則》這本書里的指導(dǎo)方針，大型決策機(jī)構(gòu)可以避免會(huì)議中的程序混亂。C項(xiàng)意思不符，D項(xiàng)主謂不一致，A項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)，故答案為B。

3.單選題

Theoilpriceisalsoabigrisk,mainlybecausetheBush（）appearsdeterminedtoattackIraq.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.government

B.administration

C.cabinet

D.registration

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。government“政府”；administration“管理，行政”；cabinet“內(nèi)閣”；registration“登記，注冊(cè)”。句意：油價(jià)也是一個(gè)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，主要是因?yàn)椴际舱坪鯖Q意要攻打伊拉克。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intelligible

B.obscure

C.dim

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：很少有人能理解他的演說，內(nèi)容太

。

intelligible可理解的，明白易懂的；obscure晦澀的，昏暗的；dim暗淡的，模糊的；conspicuous顯著的，出眾的。句子前半句說“很少有人能理解他的演說”，由此推斷，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.omitted

B.missed

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)omitted“遺漏，省略”；B選項(xiàng)missed“錯(cuò)過，投偏”；C選項(xiàng)neglected“忽視，疏忽”；D選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”。句意：長期以來被忽視的殘疾人旅行的樂趣正在向任何有辦法的人開放。這里表示的是“之前殘疾人士的旅行樂趣被忽視了”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationisersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-temperedandshort-fussed.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearapoundwithawaterpump

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.highinsomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ionisers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuumpumps.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“exceedingpositiveionization”可以定位到第二段第一句Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.（當(dāng)空氣中存在大量的正離子時(shí)，許多人會(huì)產(chǎn)生頭痛、疲勞、易怒等不良反應(yīng)，一些特別敏感的人會(huì)感到惡心甚至精神障礙。），說明大量正離子會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些人容易脾氣暴躁。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們覺得自己脾氣相當(dāng)不好，很暴躁”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為自己瘋了”，C選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)變得非常虛弱”，D選項(xiàng)“他們太累了，什么也做不了”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“staticelectricity”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.（也可能是由于室內(nèi)地毯、人造纖維衣服、電視機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)、電腦屏幕產(chǎn)生的靜電積聚造成的。），說明能夠引起靜電的有地毯、衣物等人造纖維、電視、復(fù)印機(jī)和電腦等。因此C選項(xiàng)“在人造地板覆蓋物上行走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“使用自制的電器產(chǎn)品”，B選項(xiàng)“穿天然材料的衣服”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“在電腦上錄制電視節(jié)目”雖然有電視和電腦，但并不屬于能夠從原文推斷的范圍，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“negativeion”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.（相反，當(dāng)大量的負(fù)離子出現(xiàn)時(shí)，那么人們就會(huì)有一種幸福感。產(chǎn)生這些大量負(fù)離子的自然條件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或噴泉，或在任何有水噴出，或形成水花的地方。），說明大量負(fù)離子的產(chǎn)生條件是水噴濺形成水花。因此D選項(xiàng)“旋轉(zhuǎn)式噴水器”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在有水泵的地方附近”，B選項(xiàng)“靠近緩流河流的地方”，C選項(xiàng)“在一些荒山上”均不是能產(chǎn)生噴濺水花的地點(diǎn)，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“machine”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.（為了增加室內(nèi)負(fù)離子的供應(yīng)，一些科學(xué)家建議使用離子發(fā)生器：一種小型便攜式設(shè)備，可以產(chǎn)生負(fù)離子。），說明離子發(fā)生器可以產(chǎn)生負(fù)離子。因此A選項(xiàng)“離子發(fā)生器”正確。B選項(xiàng)“空調(diào)”，C選項(xiàng)“排氣扇”，D選項(xiàng)“真空泵”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.（畢竟依靠地震讀數(shù)來預(yù)測地震是否比觀察貓更有效，還有待商榷。），說明有些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為通過地震儀來預(yù)測地震不一定有效，可能還不如觀察動(dòng)物。因此A選項(xiàng)“觀察動(dòng)物預(yù)測地震比依靠地震儀更有效”正確。B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物的異常行為不可信”，C選項(xiàng)“觀察和使用地震儀都不可靠”，D選項(xiàng)“地震”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

ForthepeoplewhohavenevertraveledacrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.ButforthepeoplewhocrossitfrequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanother,andtheydonotmakethevoyageforthe（1）ofitsinterest.Mostofusarequitehappywhenwefeel（2）togotobedandpleasedwhenthejourney（3）.OnthefirstnightthistimeIfeltespeciallylazyandwenttobed（4）earlierthanusual.WhenI（5）mycabin,Iwassurprised（6）thatIwastohaveacompanionduringmytrip,whichmademefeelalittleunhappy.Ihadexpected（7）buttherewasasuitcase（8）mineintheoppositecomer.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathewouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumightmeet（9）?Exceptthathewaswearing（10）goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot（11）whoeverhewasanddidnotsay（12）.AsIhadexpected,hedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately.

IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalreadythemiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered（13）aswellasIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata（14）wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhadforgotten（15）thedoor,soIgotup（16）thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand（17）themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed,（18）there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto（19）thedoormyself.Irealizedthatmycompanion（20）throughthewindowintothesea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.motive

C.cause

D.sake

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tiredenough

B.enoughtired

C.enoughtiring

D.enoughtiring

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isachieved

B.finish

C.isover

D.isintheend

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.quite

B.rather

C.fairly

D.somehow

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.arrivedin

B.reachedto

C.arrivedto

D.reenactedat

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.toseeing

B.thatIsaw

C.atseeing

D.tosee

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.beinglonely

B.tobelonely

C.beingalone

D.tobealone

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.so

C.similarthan

D.thesamethat

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.ineachplace

B.forallparts

C.somewhere

D.anywhere

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.aso

B.so

C.Sucha

D.such

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.treattogetherwell

B.passtogetherwell

C.getonwelltogether

D.gobywelltogether

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.himasingleword

B.himnotoneword

C.asinglewordtohim

D.notonewordtohim

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.upme

B.upmyself

C.tomyself

D.myselfup

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.draft

B.voice

C.air

D.sound

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.toclose

B.closing

C.tohavetoclose

D.forclosing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.toshut

B.forshutting

C.inshutting

D.butshut

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.whiledoinglikethat

B.asIdidlikethat

C.asIdidso

D.atdoing

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasnoone

B.Therewasnoone

C.Itwasanyone

D.Therewasanone

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.remindtolock

B.remembertolock

C.remindlocking

D.rememberlocking

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.hadtojump

B.wastohavejumped

C.musthavejumped

D.couldbejumped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。D選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了，由于”；A選項(xiàng)，forthereasonof“由于，因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)forthemotiveof“出于……的動(dòng)機(jī)”；C選項(xiàng)forthecauseof“因?yàn)椤?，帶入原文我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)D為最佳項(xiàng)，句意：他們不是為了利益而遠(yuǎn)航的。

2.考查形容詞辨析。形容人感到疲倦用tired，形容某事或某物能引起疲勞，很累人用tiring；當(dāng)修飾形容詞時(shí)，enough要放在形容詞后。原文的主語是人，要用tired。答案為A。

3.考查over的用法。beover“結(jié)束”。achieve“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，finish“結(jié)束”，語義上可以的，但是動(dòng)詞跟在journey后應(yīng)為三單形式加詞尾-es，intheend“最后”。

4.考查副詞辨析。quite，rather，fairly這幾個(gè)副詞均可表示“適度的”，“在某種程度上”或“不很”的意思，常用以改變所修飾的形容詞或副詞的分量。但是只有rather可與比較級(jí)的詞語連用，空格后面有比較級(jí)earlier，因此答案為B。

5.考查動(dòng)詞詞組。arriveinsomeplace“到達(dá)某地”；沒有arriveto這一搭配，排除C；reach表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞，后面無需加介詞，因此排除B；D選項(xiàng)reenactedat沒有此項(xiàng)搭配，排除。

6.考查固定搭配。Iwassurprisedtosee“看到……使我很驚訝”，固定搭配。besurprisedatsomething因某事物而吃驚，與題意不符。其他的選項(xiàng)均無此搭配，B選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)不符合英語的語言規(guī)范，排除。

7.考查動(dòng)詞詞組和形容詞辨析。expecttodosomething“預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)做某事”，固定搭配，排除A、C。lonely強(qiáng)調(diào)寂寞的感覺，alone只表示一人獨(dú)處，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)寂寞感；而原文看得出來作者并不寂寞，所以他想表達(dá)的只是一個(gè)獨(dú)處的含義，答案為D。

8.考查副詞辨析。like和as都表示“像……一樣”，不同之處在于like后面跟詞，而as引導(dǎo)從句；沒有similarthan這個(gè)表達(dá)，D選項(xiàng)也不對(duì)，應(yīng)該是thesameas。因此能夠表達(dá)出“像我的一樣”的語義且和后文搭配的只有A。

9.考查介詞辨析。anywhere“任何地方，隨處”，強(qiáng)調(diào)任何；ineachplace在每個(gè)地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)；somewhere某個(gè)地方，forallparts沒有這個(gè)搭配。根據(jù)原文的語義我們推測是說“他是那種你隨處都能見到的人”排除B、C；然后并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)地方，而是隨處可見，因此答案為D。

10.考查副詞辨析。clothes是復(fù)數(shù)，不能用a修飾，排除A、C；修飾名詞（goodclothes）應(yīng)用such，而so用來修飾形容詞，因此排除B，選擇D。

11.考查固定搭配。getonwelltogether“相處融洽”，其余的A、B、D均無此搭配，因此答案為C。

12.考查固定搭配。saysomethingtosomebody“對(duì)某人說某事”，固定搭配。tellsomebodysomething也可以。主句中已有否定詞not，從句中就不必再加了，因此排除B、D。

13.考查固定搭配。coversomething/somebodyup和coverupsomething/somebody都對(duì)，但如果something/somebody是用代詞表示的話，則只能用coversomething/somebodyup，且這里應(yīng)該用反身代詞，所以選covermyselfup，答案為D。

14.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)draft“通風(fēng)氣流”，根據(jù)上下文可判斷作者感覺到一股冷風(fēng)；B選項(xiàng)“聲音”；C選項(xiàng)“空氣”，表達(dá)的含義單一，不如A選項(xiàng)的“冷風(fēng)”準(zhǔn)確；D選項(xiàng)“聲音，噪音”，因此答案為A最佳。

15.考查動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。forgettodo“忘記做應(yīng)該做的事”，forgetdoing“已經(jīng)做過某事，但忘記了，以為還沒做”，根據(jù)題意我們知道作者是忘記去做某事，因此排除B；而D選項(xiàng)沒有這個(gè)搭配，排除；C選項(xiàng)haveto是必須的意思，原文并沒有說作者非得管它不可，因此錯(cuò)誤；答案選擇A。

16.此處起床的目的是去關(guān)門，to和for都可以表目的，但是for后面要加名詞，而to要加動(dòng)詞，后面加shut，所以選toshutthedoor；C和D沒有表目的的用法。

17.考查時(shí)間狀語從句。asIdidso當(dāng)我穿過房間的時(shí)候”；A選項(xiàng)沒有主語，因此不符合規(guī)范；B選項(xiàng)過于重復(fù)；D選項(xiàng)不全；因此C為最佳項(xiàng)。

18.考查therebe句型。A和C的表達(dá)不對(duì)，排除；根據(jù)上下文可推知此處要表達(dá)的意思是“床上沒有人”，所以用therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的否定，排除D，答案為B。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)表達(dá)不正確，正確的表述是remindsomebodytodosomething“提醒某人去做某事”，其中的不定式所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；B選項(xiàng)remembertodosomething“記得要做沒有做的事”；C選項(xiàng)表述也不對(duì)，正確的是remindsomebodyofdoingsomething“使某人想起已經(jīng)做過某事”，A和C的表達(dá)是不對(duì)的，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)rememberdoingsomething“想起來曾經(jīng)做過的事”；而關(guān)門這件事是作者之前就做過的，只是現(xiàn)在要想起來，因此答案為D。

20.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)“一定是……”不表推測；B選項(xiàng)“要去做，并且做了”；C選項(xiàng)musthavedonesomething表示對(duì)過去把握比較大的推測，“肯定已經(jīng)”；D選項(xiàng)couldbe表示對(duì)過去的推測但是把握不大，“可能已經(jīng)”。通過上文的“我意識(shí)到”可以看出，作者應(yīng)該是對(duì)過去的行為進(jìn)行推測，并且有一定把握，答案為C。

8.單選題

Hebelievedinconventionalbehaviorswhich______tothehigheststandards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirmed

B.confronted

C.conformed

D.affirmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confirmed“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)；批準(zhǔn)；使鞏固”；B選項(xiàng)confronted“面對(duì)；遭遇；比較”；C選項(xiàng)conformed“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境；使遵守；使一致；使順從”；D選項(xiàng)affirmed“肯定；斷言；確認(rèn)”。句意：他相信符合最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的傳統(tǒng)行為。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

（1）

Player1maynotknowtheseparticularwordsofwisdom,butchancesareshe'sthinkingmuchthesameasshetriestodecidewhethertosendPlayer2someofher$10stake.Ifshedoes,themoneywillbetripled,andheranonymouspartnercanchoosetoreturnnone,some,orallofthecash.ButwhyshouldPlayer2sendanythingback?AndwhyshouldPlayer1giveanythinginthefirstplace?Despitetheironlogicofthisargument,shetypesinhercommandtosendsomemoney.Afewmomentslatershesmiles,seeingfromherscreenthatPlayer2hasreturnedatidysumthatleavesthembothshowinganetprofit.

（2）

BasedonexactlythesamecoldlogicthatPlayer1dismissed,theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthatineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers,whereonehastomakedecisionsbasedonaforecastofanother'sresponse,theoptimalleveloftrustiszero.Yetdespitetheeconomicorthodoxy,thebehaviorofPlayers1and2isnotexceptional.Infact,overthecourseofhundredsofsuchtrials,itturnsoutthatabouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.

Zakisaleadingprotagonistintherelativelynewfieldofneuroeconomics,whichaimstounderstandhumansocialinteractionsthrougheverylevelfromsynapsetosociety.Itisahugelyambitiousundertaking.Bylayingbarethemysteriesofsuchnebuloushumanattributesastrust,neuroeconomistshopetotransformourself-understanding.（3）

“Aswelearnmoreabouttheremarkableinternalorderofthemind,wewillalsounderstandfarmoredeeplythesocialmindandthereforetheexternalorderofpersonalexchange,andtheextendedorderofexchangethroughmarkets.”

（4）

AsZak’scollaboratorSteveKnackoftheWorldBankpointsout:“Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry'seconomichealth.Wheretrustislow,individualsandorganizationsaremorewaryaboutengaginginfinancialtransactions,whichtendstodepressthenationaleconomy.”

Andtrustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations.TheWorldValuesSurvey,basedattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,hasaskedpeopleincountriesaroundtheworld,“Doyouthinkstrangerscangenerallybetrusted?”thepositiveresponseratevariesfromabout65%inNorwaytoabout5%inBrazil.（5）

“Policy-makersintheselattercountriesmightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels,”observesKnack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica—riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:G

第3題:F

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.此句為整篇文章的開頭，用意大利的諺語引入主題，“信任是件好事，但最好不要信任?！保鶕?jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，主要講到了玩家一和玩家二之間的金錢交易行為以及是否彼此信任，可知，文章的主題為信任關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D符合文意。

2.文章第一段主要用實(shí)例說明了經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中的信任關(guān)系，也是對(duì)意大利諺語的一種反駁和證明，說明經(jīng)濟(jì)交易中是存在信任關(guān)系的。文章第二段把這種信任再次放到經(jīng)濟(jì)理論中進(jìn)行了討論。所以第一段實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)果不僅是對(duì)諺語的一種蔑視，而且是對(duì)第二段中提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段，主要提到了Zak的相關(guān)理論和觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榭崭裆衔奶岬搅薢ak這個(gè)人物，所以下文用he來指代。選項(xiàng)F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段，可知主要提到信任是影響一個(gè)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)最強(qiáng)大的因素之一，所以本段的首句應(yīng)與國家經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第五段，主要內(nèi)容為不同國家之間的信任水平存在差異，并給了一些統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)。空格前給出了挪威和巴西有關(guān)信任度的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，可判斷出空格中會(huì)繼續(xù)列舉數(shù)據(jù)。又根據(jù)空格后文，提到后面一類的國家迫切需要提升國民信任度?？芍崭裰袝?huì)列舉一些國民信任度較低的國家，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.單選題

Packagesaresowidespreadthattheyslip________consciousnotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.below

B.before

C.beneath

D.beyond

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.below在……下面B.before在……之前

C.beneath低于，次于D.beyond超過，超越

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】本句的主干部分是“包裝很普遍（Packagesarewidespread）”，sothat引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示包裝如此普遍導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是什么。既然是很普遍、常見的包裝，那么人們就不會(huì)注意到它。beneathnotice是固定搭配，意為“不值得注意，無足輕重”，因此C選項(xiàng)beneath“低于，次于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)below“在……下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”指處于某事物前面的位置，D選項(xiàng)beyond“超過，超越”指對(duì)某事物來說太遠(yuǎn)或太超前，均不能構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的固定搭配。

【句意】包裝是如此普遍，以至于它們不會(huì)被人們所注意。

11.單選題

Youhaveyourchoiceofthree______oficecream.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.varieties

B.tops

C.respects

D.decks

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)varieties“（同一事物的）不同種類；品種”；B選項(xiàng)tops“頂端；表面”；C選項(xiàng)respects“（事物的）方面，細(xì)節(jié)”；D選項(xiàng)decks“（船或公共汽車的）一層”。句意：你有三______冰淇淋供你選擇。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是有三種不同的冰淇淋，A選項(xiàng)varieties“（同一事物的）不同種類”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theywanttostimulateeconomicgrowthintheregionbyoffering（）toforeigninvestors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incentives

B.abundances

C.warriors

D.outnumbers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。incentives刺激，鼓勵(lì);abundances大量，充足；warriors武士，勇士；outnumbers數(shù)量多于，比...多。句意:他們希望通過鼓勵(lì)外國投資者來該地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

Andbecausethebanklendsonalargescale,itsfailuresare________onalargescale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yet

B.necessarily

C.likewise

D.definitely

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“然而，但是”；B選項(xiàng)“必要地”；C選項(xiàng)“同樣地，也”；D選項(xiàng)“明確地，肯定地”。本句話題干意思是，因?yàn)殂y行借款是大規(guī)模借，所以壞賬的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（）是很大的。句子中“onalargescale”出現(xiàn)了兩次，空格前面的詞義應(yīng)該填“也”，所以答案選C。

14.單選題

Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.Bossesneedtounderstandthatpeoplewithdifferingbackgroundswillcomeupwithideasindifferentwaysandgivethemtheflexibilitytobecreativeintheircustom.

Thatcomestogetherwithacouplesteps;first,managersneedtobesuretheyareactivelypursuingnewhiresthatnotonlyadddiversitybutalsoofferanewperspective.

ThekeyisnotjustaddingaHispanicwomantothestaffbecauseyoudon’thaveonenow.It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.

TaketheaccountingfirmDeloitte,anearlyadopterofdiversity.Thefirmwastrainingminoritiestobecometopmanagers,butthenitoftenlostthembeforetheyreachedtheexecutivelevel—asoftenhappensinthatprofession.SoDeloittecreatedanewexecutivetrainingprogramthaturgeditsaccountantstostayonratherthanjumpingtoanotherfirmforadvancement.Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.

Butit’snotjustaboutputtingminoritiesinafewjobsandhavingthemrunthingsasusual.Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.

Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.It’sunderstandingtheexperienceofpeopleandwhattheycanbringtoyourbusiness.

Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.

Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Whatismostvaluedaboutminoritygroups?

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosayinthefourthparagraph?

4.Whatistheadvantageofaminoritybankworkeraccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisafloatingmarketprobablylike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisbeneficialforcompaniestohirepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

B.Adiverseworkforcewilldogoodtothecompanyifmanagedproperly.

C.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundscancontributedifferentideas.

D.Theimportanceofminoritypeopleisgettingmoreandmoreattention.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirlocalculture.

B.Theiruniqueexperience.

C.Theirdifferentperspectives.

D.Theirexecutiveability.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Deloitteattachedimportancetohavingminoritiesinitstopmanagement.

B.Talentlossatexecutivelevelisacommonoccurrenceinaccountingbusiness.

C.Propertrainingisnecessaryforminoritiestomakemorecontribution.

D.Minoritiesaremorelikelytolookforanewcompanyforbetteropportunities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewillspendmoretimeandenergypersuadingclientstodepositmoneyinhisbank.

B.Heknowsbetterhowtokeepthebank’sreputationandwintheclients’trust.

C.Itiseasierforhimtodeveloparelationshipwithimmigrantsfromhishomecountry.

D.Heunderstandsbettertheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenbankandclients.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itsellsgoodsfromallovertheworld.

B.Itisamarketonthewater.

C.Itdoesnothaveafixedlocation.

D.Itsellsgoodsatratherlowprice.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到“Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.（只有管理好員工，才能看到多元化員工隊(duì)伍的好處。）”，后文第六段又提到“Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.（擁有多樣化的勞動(dòng)力是唯一的優(yōu)勢，如果你能夠利用這種多樣性。）”，由此可知本文主要闡述的是多元化的員工隊(duì)伍對(duì)公司的作用，B選項(xiàng)“如果管理得當(dāng)，多元化的員工隊(duì)伍對(duì)公司有好處”符合文章大意。A選項(xiàng)“公司雇傭不同背景的人是有益的”說法太絕對(duì)，忽略了管理的作用；C選項(xiàng)“不同背景的人可以提出不同的想法”以及D選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族的重要性越來越受到重視”都包含在B選項(xiàng)中，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.（最好是找那些背景和你現(xiàn)有員工不同的人，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)以不同的方式找到解決方案。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族群體最被看中的是他們不同的觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“他們的觀點(diǎn)不同”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?；B選項(xiàng)“他們獨(dú)特的經(jīng)歷”以及D選項(xiàng)“他們的執(zhí)行能力”均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句話“Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.（這確保了公司為高層管理人員培養(yǎng)的少數(shù)族裔在晉升之前不會(huì)離開公司）”以及前文提到的少數(shù)民族群體會(huì)提供不同意見可知德勤會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔，從而能夠擁有更多的不同的意見，A選項(xiàng)“德勤重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“高管層人才流失是會(huì)計(jì)行業(yè)的常見現(xiàn)象”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族要做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)，就必須進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)呐嘤?xùn)”文章也沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)族裔更傾向于尋找一家新公司來獲得更好的機(jī)會(huì)”說法太絕對(duì)，文章只說了該事務(wù)所有這樣的問題，并不能說明所有的少數(shù)族裔都傾向于尋找更好的機(jī)會(huì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可