考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽廣播影視職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽廣播影視職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.寫作題

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic“TheSignificanceoftheSpringFestivalGala”.

【答案】

TheSignificanceoftheSpringFestivalGala2.單選題

Inordertosurvivenowand（）inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maximize

B.thrive

C.erect

D.recruit

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)maximize“最大化，極大”；B選項(xiàng)thrive“繁榮，興旺，茁壯成長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)erect“豎立，建造，創(chuàng)立”；D選項(xiàng)recruit“征募，聘用”。句意：為了現(xiàn)在的生存和未來(lái)的繁榮，所有的員工必須不斷地為企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面創(chuàng)造新的想法。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe（）innotime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminated

B.abandoned

C.diminished

D.withdrawn

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我們相信該地區(qū)的文盲現(xiàn)象將很快消除。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。eliminate消除;排除;abandon放棄;遺棄；diminish減少;縮??；withdraw撤退;收回?？崭裉幍倪壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)是illiteracy(文盲現(xiàn)象)，因此A正確。

4.翻譯題

Brown最新出版的書中提出：關(guān)于人類對(duì)生態(tài)的影響，最樂(lè)觀的估計(jì)也表明它已經(jīng)超過(guò)了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大壓力下的地球和麻煩不斷的人類文明迫在眉睫。Brown在書中使用了一連串令人沮喪的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)物種滅絕、水資源短缺以及石油生產(chǎn)量下降所引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩進(jìn)行了描述，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了氣候變化帶來(lái)的系列負(fù)面效應(yīng)以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施。他所描述的由氣候變化引起的混亂狀態(tài)令人震驚，但有說(shuō)服力：世界上最貧窮的人們與似乎更加饑餓的生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)之間在開(kāi)展食物爭(zhēng)奪。在石油價(jià)格日益上漲，產(chǎn)量逐漸變少，最后有可能枯竭的情況下，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的任務(wù)是確保發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的越野車能在道路上疾馳。窮人始終處于劣勢(shì)地位。Brown認(rèn)為拯救地球的計(jì)劃必須是消除貧困，穩(wěn)定人口。但是，在執(zhí)行本計(jì)劃過(guò)程中，必須處理好經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和全球金融機(jī)構(gòu)的“民主赤字”問(wèn)題，因?yàn)楦F人通常被排除在外。

【答案】InBrown’slatestbook,hearguesthatthemostoptimisticestimatesofman’simpactonecologysuggestthatithasexceededabout20%oftheplanet’sregenerativecapacity.Itisimperativetosaveaplanetundergreatpressureandatroubledhumancivilization.Brownusesaseriesofdepressingstatisticstodescribetheeconomicturmoilcausedbyspeciesextinction,watershortagesanddecliningoilproduction,withaparticularemphasisonthenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandwhatcanbedoneaboutthem.Hisdescriptionofthechaoscausedbyclimatechangeisshockingbutpersuasive:acompetitionforfoodbetweentheworld’spoorestpeopleandabiofuelsindustrythatseemsevenhungrier.Asoilpricesriseandproductionrunsout,thebiofuelindustry’sjobistokeepthedevelopedworld’soff-roadvehiclesontheroad.Thepoorarealwaysatadisadvantage.Brownbelievesthattheplantosavetheplanetmustbetoeradicatepovertyandstabilizepopulation.However,inimplementingtheplan,the“democraticdeficit”ofeconomicinterestsandglobalfinancialinstitutionsmustbeaddressed,sincethepoorareoftenexcluded.

5.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened?”

1.Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans（）.

2.Paragraph2and3arewrittento（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience’’is（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章，“Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.”，可知本世紀(jì)，科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧如果說(shuō)有什么不同的話，那就是分歧加深了?？膳袛喑鰏chism意為分歧，分裂。confrontation“分歧，面對(duì)”；dissatisfaction“不滿”；separation“分離，分開(kāi)”；contempt“輕視，蔑視”。文中是指科學(xué)與文化之間不和諧的關(guān)系，屬于同一領(lǐng)域兩個(gè)方面的分離。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章第二三段，運(yùn)用大量例子進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了科學(xué)與人文之間的分歧，如HigherSuperstition，TheDemon-HauntedWorld和TheFlightfromScienceandReason都是作者給出的例子。可推斷出作者在二三段主要是為了例證科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.”，可知這當(dāng)然并不意味著擔(dān)心工業(yè)發(fā)展失控的環(huán)保主義者是反科學(xué)的，正如去年五月份《美國(guó)新聞與世界報(bào)道》上的一篇文章所言。可判斷出在一篇文章中，環(huán)保主義者被指責(zé)反科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.作者態(tài)度題。作者在文中提到科學(xué)與文化之間存在分歧，并對(duì)此進(jìn)行了例證。作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)家對(duì)于分歧的抨擊要合理分析，不能一直持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，如果理由充分恰當(dāng)就是可取的?？膳袛喑鲎髡叩膽B(tài)度是不偏袒的，公正的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Experience.

B.Flexibility.

C.Familybackground.

D.Businessconnections.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Buyingdirectlyfromfactories.

B.Shippinggoodsinbulkbysea.

C.Havingpartnersinmanypartsoftheworld.

D.Usingthesamecontainerbackandforth.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Warehouses.

B.Factories.

C.Investors.

D.Retailers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Trendystyle.

B.Uniquedesign.

C.Lowerimportduties.

D.Lowershippingcosts.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:I’veworkedininternationaltradeallmylife.Myfatherdidsotoobeforeme.SoIguessyoucouldsayitrunsinthefamily.

M:Whatproductshaveyouworkedwith?

W:Allsorts,really.I’veimportedtextiles,machinery,toys,solarpanels,allkindsofthingsovertheyears.Trendsanddemandcomeandgo.[5]So,oneneedstobeveryflexibletosucceedinthisindustry.

M:Isee.Whatgoodsareyoutradingnow?

W:InowimportfurniturefromChinaintoItalyandfoodsfromItalyintoChina.[6]Ievenusethesamecontainer.It’saveryefficientwayofconductingtrade.

M:Thesamecontainer?Youmeanyouowna40-footcargocontainer?

W:Yeah,that’sright.[7]IhaveawarehouseinGenova,ItalyandanotherinShanghai.Isourcemid-centurymodernfurniturefromdifferentfactoriesinChina.It’sverygoodvalueformoney.IcollectitallinmywarehouseandthendispatchittomyotherwarehouseinItaly.OverthereIdothesame,butwithItalianfoodsinsteadoffurniture,thingslikepasta,cheese,wine,chocolates.AndIsendallthattomywarehouseinChinainthesamefreightcontainerIuseforthefurniture.

M:So,Ipresumeyousellbothlinesofproductswholesaleineachrespectivecountry.

W:Ofcourse.Ipossessanetworkofclientsandpartnersinbothcountries.That’sthemainbenefitofhavingdonethisforsolong.I’vemadegreatbusinesscontactsovertime.

M:Howmanytimesdoyouship?

W:Idid12shipmentslastyear,18thisyear,andIhopetogrowtoaround25nextyear.That’sbothways,thereandbackagain.DemandforauthenticItalianfoodinChinaisgrowingrapidly.Andsimilarly,salesofaffordableyetstylishwoodenfurniturearealsoincreasinginItaly.[8]Furnitureismarginallymoreprofitable,mostlybecauseitenjoyslowercustomsduties.

5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisrequiredtobesuccessfulininternationaltrade?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)女士認(rèn)為在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中取得成功需要什么條件？在錄音的開(kāi)頭女士就提到國(guó)際貿(mào)易這個(gè)行業(yè)的趨勢(shì)和需求一直在變化，所以要想在這個(gè)行業(yè)里獲得成功，需要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變（flexible）。B選項(xiàng)flexibility是形容詞詞性flexible的名詞形式，表達(dá)的意思是一致的，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；C選項(xiàng)“家庭背景”和D選項(xiàng)“業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系”，雖然錄音中似乎有相關(guān)信息能夠推斷出以上選項(xiàng)，但女士并沒(méi)有說(shuō)以上是在行業(yè)中獲得成功的必要條件，因此可排除。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayisspecialaboutherwayofdoingtrade?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)女士說(shuō)她做生意的方式有什么特別之處？錄音中女士說(shuō)她在做中意貿(mào)易時(shí)，貨運(yùn)的往來(lái)使用同一個(gè)集裝箱（usethesamecontainer），并說(shuō)這是一種非常有效的貿(mào)易方式。D選項(xiàng)“來(lái)回使用同一個(gè)集裝箱”是對(duì)錄音原文的同義復(fù)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“直接從工廠進(jìn)貨”，這只是貿(mào)易的進(jìn)貨方式，并不是其特別之處，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)海運(yùn)大批量運(yùn)貨”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“在世界很多地方都有合作伙伴”，文中只提到中國(guó)和意大利，并沒(méi)有涉及其他地區(qū)，因此C選項(xiàng)不準(zhǔn)確，也可排除。

7.WhatdoesthewomanhaveinbothItalyandChina?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)女士在意大利和中國(guó)都有什么。女士提到她在意大利熱那亞有一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)（warehouse），在中國(guó)上海也有一個(gè)，因此A選項(xiàng)“倉(cāng)庫(kù)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“工廠”；C選項(xiàng)“投資者”和D選項(xiàng)“零售商”均不正確。

8.Whatdoesthewomansaymakesfurnituremarginallymoreprofitable?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)女士認(rèn)為是什么使得家具行業(yè)的利潤(rùn)略高。在對(duì)話最后，女士提到家具行業(yè)的利潤(rùn)略高一些，主要是因?yàn)樗碛休^低的關(guān)稅（lowercustomsduties）。因此C選項(xiàng)“較低的進(jìn)口稅”是對(duì)錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“潮流風(fēng)格”，錄音中雖提及木制家具在意大利很受歡迎，但并不是利潤(rùn)高的原因，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“較低的運(yùn)費(fèi)”在錄音中均未提及。

7.單選題

Herbest-knownpaintingsarethoseinwhichshemagnifiedflowersoranimalskullstofillthepicture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissected

B.duplicated

C.glorified

D.enlarged

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dissected解剖B.duplicated復(fù)制

C.glorified贊美D.enlarged放大

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞的賓語(yǔ)為“花朵或動(dòng)物頭骨”，并且這么做的目的是“填充畫面”；另外，原詞magnified“放大”。因此，D選項(xiàng)enlarged“放大”與原詞詞義最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】她最著名的作品是那些她放大花朵或動(dòng)物頭骨來(lái)填充畫面的作品。

8.單選題

Suchoccupationswereso（）astobeunworthyofhisfullattention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.triggering

B.tripling

C.trifling

D.trembling

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析題。triggering觸發(fā)，啟動(dòng)；tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling發(fā)抖的，戰(zhàn)栗的。根據(jù)下句可推測(cè)出，選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。句意：這些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神貫注。

9.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的意見(jiàn)，他應(yīng)該提出自己的計(jì)劃來(lái)改善這些人的生活條件。

10.單選題

Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually（

）itinaprofitabledirection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.control

C.install

D.steer

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“使適合，使適應(yīng)，改編”；B選項(xiàng)control“控制，支配，操縱”；C選項(xiàng)install“安裝，安置，使就職”；D選項(xiàng)steer“駕駛，掌舵，指引……的路線”。句意：該系統(tǒng)被重新設(shè)計(jì)，目的是使其與網(wǎng)絡(luò)兼容，并最終使網(wǎng)絡(luò)朝獲利方向發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

Nowzoomforwardtoourpresenttimeandthinkofourpre-Internetcommunicationsystemsassortsofprotozoa(原生動(dòng)物).Whatwe’rewitnessingtodayintherealmofcyberspace—theonlinereformulationofeverythingfromthewayweplayandlearntohowweshopandtradestocksmayrepresentnolessaworldtransformingchangethanthespectacularburstofcreationsolongago.

Onenotabledifference:theprimevalorganismsdidnothaveaguidebooktoinformthemaboutwhattoexpectandhowtodealwithsomeofthefabulousthingstocome.Wedo,intherecentlyreleasedNewRulesfortheNewEconomybyKevinKelly,afoundingeditorofWiredmagazine.

“Thekeypremiseofthisbookisthattheprinciplesgoverningtheworldofthesoft—theworldofintangibles,ofmedia,ofsoftware,andofservices—willsooncommandtheworldofthehard—theworldofreality,ofatoms,ofobjects,ofsteelandoil,andthehardworkdonebythesweatofbrows.”Kellywrites.“Drivingthiseconomictransformationisthecombinationofshrinkingcomputersandexpandingcommunications,”hesays,“Wehaveseenonlythebeginningsoftheanxiety,loss,excitement,andgainsthatmanypeoplewillexperienceasourworldshiftstoanewhighlytechnicalplanetaryeconomy.”Doesthatsoundliketechnohype?

It’sbarelyatasteoftheradicalandoftencounterintuitive“rules”thatKellydishesout.Heemploysanaphoristic(格言的)and,well,wiredstylethatwilleasilyappealtogeeksandshouldalsoturnonanymainstreamreaderswhoarealittlemorethancuriousaboutwherethedigitallyrenderedworldisheaded.

Whereit’slikelyheaded,inKelly’swords,is“upsidedown”.Chew,forexample,ontheideathat“thesurestwaytosmartnessisthroughmassivedumbness”.Whatthatmeansinessenceisthattinycomputerchips,thoughrelatively“dumb”ontheirown,canbeaddedtobillionsofmundaneobjectsand,thereby,yieldsubstantialeconomicbenefits.Suchasrealtimebuyingpatternsoneverythingfromshirtstosodacans.Intheconventionalworldofsupplyanddemandwhereweallgrewup,valuecamefromscarcity.Asin,diamonds,goldandoil.Inaworldofdigitalimperatives,asKellycorrectlypointsout,“powercomesfromabundance.”ThatwasaprinciplethatAppletragicallyfailedtounderstandwhenitbackedofffromlicensingitsgraphiccomputerinterface,assuringthatitsmarketsharewouldbesavagedbyMicrosoft’smoreopenWindowsoperatingsystem,whichleadsustoanotherofKelly’shardwiredlaws:followthefree.Intheuniverseofatoms,asaresourceisconsumeditbecomesmoreexpensivetoproduce.Asgoldismined,nuggets(天然金塊)atfirstmaybeeasy,andthereforecheap,tofind.Butwhenparticlesoforemustbesqueezedoutoftonsofrock,thepriceofgoldbecomesmoredear.

ButinwhatKellyterms“theneworder”,thelawofplentitudekicksin,leadingasavvycompanysuchasNetscapetodistributeitsWebbrowserforfreeinordertosellauxiliaryservicesorproducts.Similarly,expensivecellphonesareofferedasfreebies(免費(fèi)的東西)togaincontractsforphoneservices.

Finally,Kellytellsustolookaroundandseehowmuchtheworldhasalreadychangedunderourveryfeet.AnAmericanfarmertoday,forinstance,maystillgetsomedirtunderhisfingernails,butmuchofhislaborisperformedundertheumbrellaoftheelectronicnetwork.ThecabinhistractorhasawirelessphoneandasatellitelinkedGPSlocationdevice;hishomecomputerisconnectedtoaneverendingstreamofweatherdata,grainmarketreportsandmoisturedetectorsinthesoil.NewRulesfortheNewEconomysuggeststhatwemightevenlearnsomethingfromthosepluckylifeformsthatexplodedonthesceneahalfbillionyearsago.“Thequalitiesneededtosucceedinthenetworkeconomycanbereducedtothis:afacilityforchargingintotheunknown.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

現(xiàn)在，放大到我們現(xiàn)在的時(shí)代，把我們的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)前通訊系統(tǒng)想象成原生動(dòng)物。我們今天在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間所看到的——一切都在網(wǎng)上重新制定，從我們玩和學(xué)的方式到我們?nèi)绾钨?gòu)買和交易股票——可能代表著一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)型世界的變化不亞于很久以前壯觀的創(chuàng)造爆發(fā)。

一個(gè)值得注意的不同之處是：原始生物沒(méi)有一本指南來(lái)告訴它們?cè)撈诖裁?，以及如何?yīng)對(duì)即將到來(lái)的一些美好事物。然而，《有線》雜志的創(chuàng)始人，編輯凱文?凱利在最近出版的《新經(jīng)濟(jì)新規(guī)則》一書中給我們提供了這樣一個(gè)指南。

凱利寫道：“這本書的主要前提是，指導(dǎo)軟世界的原則——無(wú)形的世界、媒體的世界、軟件的世界和服務(wù)的世界——將很快控制硬世界——現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界、原子的世界、物體的世界、鋼鐵和石油的世界，以及出賣勞動(dòng)力的艱苦工作?！彼f(shuō)：“推動(dòng)這一經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的因素是計(jì)算機(jī)的萎縮和通信的擴(kuò)大”，并且補(bǔ)充道：“我們看到的僅僅是我們的世界向一個(gè)新的高科技全球經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)許多人將體驗(yàn)到的焦慮、失落、激動(dòng)與成就的開(kāi)端?！边@聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是科技炒作嗎？

這一風(fēng)格僅僅是凱利數(shù)落的那種激進(jìn)的且往往違反直覺(jué)的“規(guī)則”。他采取的是一種格言式的而且還是聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式，很容易吸引那些怪人，而且吸引那些主流讀者的興趣，他們對(duì)這個(gè)數(shù)字化世界的發(fā)展前途多少都有點(diǎn)好奇。

用凱利的話說(shuō)，它很可能是“顛倒”的。例如，關(guān)于“通過(guò)巨大的沉默獲得最可靠的聰明之道”的想法。本質(zhì)上，這意味著微型電腦芯片，盡管它們本身相對(duì)“笨”，可以添加到數(shù)十億的普通物品中，從而產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，比如從襯衫到蘇打水罐等各種產(chǎn)品的實(shí)時(shí)購(gòu)買模式。在我們都成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的傳統(tǒng)供求世界中，價(jià)值來(lái)自稀缺，就像鉆石、黃金和石油的世界一樣，正如凱利正確地指出的，“力量來(lái)自富足”?！疤O果”電腦公司悲劇性地未能理解這一原則，它放棄了它的圖形電腦界面的銷售許可，因?yàn)閾?dān)心自己的市場(chǎng)份額會(huì)被微軟更開(kāi)放的視窗操作系統(tǒng)無(wú)情地侵占。這就引出了凱利的另一條定律：遵循自由。在原子的宇宙中，隨著資源的消耗，生產(chǎn)成本越來(lái)越高。隨著黃金的開(kāi)采，天然金塊一開(kāi)始可能很容易找到，因此很便宜。但是當(dāng)?shù)V石顆粒必須從巖石中擠出時(shí)，黃金的價(jià)格就變得更貴了。

但在凱利所說(shuō)的“新秩序”中，“新秩序”是一種充分法則，它指導(dǎo)一家精明的公司，如網(wǎng)景公司，免費(fèi)發(fā)布其網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器，以銷售輔助服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品。同樣，昂貴的手機(jī)作為免費(fèi)的東西提供，以獲得電話服務(wù)合同。

最后，凱利告訴我們環(huán)顧四周，看看世界在我們腳下已經(jīng)發(fā)生了多大的變化。比如今日的美國(guó)農(nóng)民，也許指甲蓋里仍藏著些許污泥，但他的許多勞作都是在電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋下進(jìn)行的。他的拖拉機(jī)里的駕駛室有一個(gè)無(wú)線電話和一個(gè)衛(wèi)星連接的GPS定位設(shè)備；他的家用電腦連接著無(wú)盡的天氣數(shù)據(jù)、谷物市場(chǎng)報(bào)告和土壤中的水分探測(cè)器。《新經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則》提示我們可以向五億年前實(shí)現(xiàn)的生機(jī)勃勃的新生命學(xué)習(xí)?！霸诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)中取得成功所需的素質(zhì)可以精簡(jiǎn)到以下方面：進(jìn)入未知世界的設(shè)備?！?/p>

12.單選題

TheFrenchandtheAmericanshaveaverydifferentrelationshiptomoney,（

）andostentation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obnoxious

B.obfuscate

C.optimum

D.opulence

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。obnoxious討厭的；obfuscate使模糊；optimum最佳效果；opulence富裕。句意：法國(guó)人和美國(guó)人在對(duì)待金錢，奢華，以及炫富的關(guān)系上大不相同?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入一個(gè)和money并列的名詞。

13.單選題

Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.replaced

C.relieved

D.retained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他幽默的言辭緩和了會(huì)議上的緊張氣氛。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Release釋放,放出,發(fā)泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve緩和,解除,減輕;retain保持。由關(guān)鍵詞thetension(緊張局勢(shì))可知C符合句意。

14.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

15.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。

句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Mutualrespectforterritorial（）isoneofthebasesuponwhichourtwocountriesdeveloprelationships.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reliability

B.unity

C.entirety

D.integrity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；B選項(xiàng)unity“團(tuán)結(jié)，一致”；C選項(xiàng)entirety“全部，完全”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，例句：Thepeaceplanhasnotbeenacceptedinitsentiretybyallparties.（該和平計(jì)劃還沒(méi)有被各方全部接受。）；D選項(xiàng)integrity“完整；正直”強(qiáng)調(diào)領(lǐng)土完整不可分割，例句：Separatistmovementsareathreattotheintegrityofthenation.（分裂活動(dòng)是對(duì)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土完整的威脅。）。句意：相互尊重領(lǐng)土完整是兩國(guó)發(fā)展關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)之一。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在，我們眼前又進(jìn)行著類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系，資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的所有制關(guān)系，這個(gè)曾經(jīng)仿佛用法術(shù)創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產(chǎn)資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)，現(xiàn)在像一個(gè)魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術(shù)呼喚出來(lái)的魔鬼了。幾十年來(lái)的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史，只不過(guò)是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力反抗現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、反抗作為資產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關(guān)系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復(fù)中越來(lái)越危及整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)生存的商業(yè)危機(jī)就夠了。在商業(yè)危機(jī)期間，總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產(chǎn)品被毀滅掉，而且有很大一部分已經(jīng)造成的生產(chǎn)力被毀滅掉。在危機(jī)期間，發(fā)生一種在過(guò)去一切時(shí)代看來(lái)都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會(huì)瘟疫，即生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩的瘟疫。社會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時(shí)的野蠻狀態(tài)：仿佛是一次饑荒、一場(chǎng)普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使社會(huì)失去了全部生活資料；仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了，——這是什么緣故呢？因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)上文明過(guò)度，生活資料太多，工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達(dá)。社會(huì)所擁有的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)不能再促進(jìn)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)文明和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制關(guān)系的發(fā)展；相反，生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到這種關(guān)系所不能適應(yīng)的地步，它已經(jīng)受到這種關(guān)系的阻礙；而它一著手克服這種障礙，就使整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)陷入混亂，就使資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制的存在受到威脅。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)太狹窄了，再容納不了它本身所造成的財(cái)富了。——資產(chǎn)階級(jí)用什么辦法來(lái)克服這種危機(jī)呢？一方面不得不消滅大量生產(chǎn)力，另一方面奪取新的市場(chǎng)，更加徹底地利用舊的市場(chǎng)。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢？這不過(guò)是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)準(zhǔn)備更全面更猛烈的危機(jī)的辦法，不過(guò)是使防止危機(jī)的手段越來(lái)越少的辦法。

18.單選題

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause（

）.

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Changesinligh