考研考博-英語-山東勞動(dòng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東勞動(dòng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。innomoodtodosth“沒心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲勞以至于他沒有心情跟我們?nèi)⒓泳蹠?huì)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Untilmeninventedwaysofstayingunderwaterformorethanafewminutes,thewondersoftheworldbelowthesurfaceoftheseawerealmostunknown.Themainproblem,ofcourse,liesinair.Howcouldairbesuppliedtoswimmersbelowthesurfaceofthesea?Picturesmadeabout2,900yearsagoinAsiashowmenswimmingunderthesurfacewithairbagstiedtotheirbodies.Apipefromthebagcarriedairintotheswimmer’smouth.Butlittleprogresswasachievedintheinventionofdivingdevicesuntilabout1490,whenthefamousItalianpainter,LeonardodaVinci,designedacompletedivingsuit.

In1680,anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbagwithaglasswindowtobewornoverthediver’shead.To“clean”theairabreathingpipewentfromtheairbag,throughanotherbagtoremovemoisture,andthenagaintothelargeairbag.Theplandidnotwork,butitgavelaterinventorstheideaofmovingairaroundindivingdevices.

In1819,aGerman,AugustusSiebe,developedawayofforcingairintothehead-coveringbyamachineoperatedabovethewater.Finally,in1837,heinventedthe“hard-hatsuit”thatwastobeusedfornearlyacentury.Ithadametalcoveringfortheheadandanairpipeattachedtoamachineabovethewater.Italsohadsmallopeningstoremoveunwantedair.Butthereweretwodangerstothediverinsidethe“hard-hatsuit”.Onewasthesuddenrisetothesurface,causedbyatoogreatsupplyofair.Theotherwasthecrushingofthebody,causedbyasuddendivingintodeepwater.Thesuddenrisetothesurfacecouldkillthediver;asuddendivecouldforcehisbodyupintothehelmet,whichcouldalsoresultindeath.

Graduallythe“hard-hatsuit”wasimprovedsothatthedivercouldbegivenaconstantsupplyofair.Thedivercouldthenmovearoundundertheoceanwithoutworryingabouttheairsupply.

Duringthe1940sdivingunderwaterwithoutaspecialsuitbecamepopular.Instead,diversusedabreathingdeviceandasmallcoveringmadeofrubberandglassoverpartsoftheface.Toimprovetheswimmer’sspeedanothernewinventionwasused：apieceofrubbershapedlikeagiantfoot,whichwasattachedtoeachofthediver’sownfeet.Themanufactureofrubberbreathingpipesmadeitpossiblefordiverstofloatonthesurfaceofthewater,observingthemarinelifeunderneaththem.Aspecialrubbersuitenabledthemtostayincoldwaterforlongperiods,collectingspecimensofanimalandvegetablelifethathadneverbeenobtainedinthepast.

Themostimportantadvance,however,wastheinventionofaself-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus,whichiscalleda“scuba”.

InventedbytwoFrenchmen,JacquesCousteauandEmileGagnan,thescubaconsistsofamouth-piecejoinedtooneortwotanksofcompressedairwhichareattachedtothediver’sback.

Thescubamakesitpossibleforadiver-scientisttowork200feetunderwaterorevendeeperforseveralhours.Asaresult,scientistscannowmovearoundfreelyatgreatdepths,learningaboutthewondersofthesea.

1.Themainprogressmentionedinthispassagewas（

）.

2.AninventionofanItalianprofessor（

）.

3.Siebes’inventionwasnotaperfectone,because（

）.

4.Theword“scuba”is（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbag

B.meninventedthebestdivingdevices

C.anItalianpainterdesignedacompletedivingsuit

D.anairbag

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.workedoutverywell

B.can“clean”theair

C.inspiredlaterinventions

D.wasusedtoremovemoisture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toosmallasupplyofaircouldresultinasuddenrisetothesurface

B.asuddendiveintodeepwatercouldcausethecrushingofthebody

C.theairpipeattachedtoamachinecouldbeabovethesurface

D.bothAandB

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.acertaindiver’sname

B.anoriginalEnglishword

C.namedbytheinventor

D.anacronym

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文中的單詞“invented,developed,improved”以及“themostimportantadvance”可以知道，文章一直在闡述潛水裝備的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“itgavelaterinventorstheidea”這一句得知選項(xiàng)C最符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的第三句，“Butthereweretwodangers…Onewas…Theotherwas…,”選項(xiàng)B最符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“self-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus”，可知scuda是首字母縮略詞，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

VisitBritainisgivingtheUK’smostlovedattractionsaMandarinmakeoverto（）morehigh-spendingChinesevisitors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lure

B.achieve

C.reclaim

D.exclaim

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)lure表示“誘惑，引誘”，B選項(xiàng)achieve表示“取得，獲得，實(shí)現(xiàn)，成功”，C選項(xiàng)reclaim表示“開拓，回收利用，改造，抗議”，D選項(xiàng)exclaim表示“呼喊，驚叫，大聲說出”。由句意可知，VisitBritain（英國(guó)旅游局官網(wǎng)）正在給網(wǎng)站做普通話版本的改版，為的是（）更多出手闊綽的中國(guó)游客。因此，只有A選項(xiàng)最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Asageneralrule,privateindividualsarefreetorefusetobuygoodsorservicesfromabusiness（）thatthebusinesshastradinglinkswithacountrywhichisunderthecontrolofagovernmentofwhichtheydisapprove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheground

B.onthegrounds

C.fortheground

D.forthegrounds

【答案】B

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。ontheground“在地上，在決斗”；onthegrounds“由于的原因”；for不能和ground搭配，所以排除C和D項(xiàng)。句意：一般來說，個(gè)人可以自由地拒絕從一個(gè)企業(yè)購(gòu)買商品或者服務(wù)，原因是該企業(yè)與他們不贊成的政府控制的國(guó)家有貿(mào)易聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA，“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.’’

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2，Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan（）.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2，Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.programs

B.experts

C.devices

D.creatures3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan（）.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

C.havealittlecommonsense

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso（）.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

C.improvefactoryenvironments

D.cultivatehumancreativity.5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人類的創(chuàng)造性最初表現(xiàn)在_________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Humaningenuity”和“initially”可以定位到文章第一段開頭Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring，burdensome,orjustplainnasty.（從人類產(chǎn)生智慧初期至今，人們一直在設(shè)計(jì)越來越巧妙的工具來應(yīng)付那些危險(xiǎn)的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作。），可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明工具以處理困難和危險(xiǎn)的工作”，符合題意。由于講的是最初的創(chuàng)造力，因此可以排除A選項(xiàng)“用機(jī)器來創(chuàng)作科幻小說”，B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)器的廣泛使用”和D選項(xiàng)“精英人士對(duì)危險(xiǎn)和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理”。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.詞義辨析題。題干：?jiǎn)卧~“gizmos”（第二段第一行）最有可能的意思是_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Asaresult，themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.（由此引起的結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)充斥著越來越多的智能____，盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力。），然后作者提及到了“工廠機(jī)械手”、“自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)”以及“機(jī)器人駕駛員”等等。由此我們可以認(rèn)定這些設(shè)施都是對(duì)“gizmo”的舉例和解釋。而這幾樣?xùn)|西具有一個(gè)共同的特征，即它們都是“工具”。相比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)備”最合適。A選項(xiàng)“程序”，B選項(xiàng)“專家”和D選項(xiàng)“生物”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)本文，現(xiàn)在超越人類能力范圍的是設(shè)計(jì)一種能________的機(jī)器人。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句話wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.（我們現(xiàn)在還沒法設(shè)計(jì)出能有足夠的常識(shí)去應(yīng)付一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)世界的機(jī)器人。），因?yàn)樵摼渲械摹癲ynamic”就是“動(dòng)態(tài)的、變化的”意思，因此我們可以判定選項(xiàng)D“對(duì)一個(gè)變化的世界獨(dú)立應(yīng)付”是可以目前不能做到，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。而C選項(xiàng)“有一些常識(shí)”，是可以做到的。第二段末尾提到therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy（已經(jīng)有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)可以進(jìn)行精確到亞毫米的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“完成諸如腦手術(shù)這樣的精細(xì)的工作”，是可以做到的，排除。第二段第三句話Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction（我們的銀行業(yè)務(wù)是在自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)完成的，它們會(huì)機(jī)械地、禮貌地感謝我們的服務(wù)。），所以現(xiàn)在的機(jī)器人例如自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)可以進(jìn)行口頭交流，B選項(xiàng)“與人類進(jìn)行口頭交流”，排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：除了減少人類勞動(dòng)，機(jī)器人還能夠_________。尋找機(jī)器人還能夠從事什么工作，這就需要對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，尋找答案。A選項(xiàng)提到機(jī)器人能夠?yàn)樽约鹤鰩讉€(gè)決策，通過“decision”這個(gè)單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves.（但是如果機(jī)器人要進(jìn)入節(jié)省勞力的下一個(gè)階段，他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運(yùn)行，并且至少能夠獨(dú)立地做一些決定。），這句話表明，目前機(jī)器人還不能獨(dú)立做一些決定，所以A選項(xiàng)排除。通過第三段第二句話Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror（雖然我們知道如何讓機(jī)器人去糾正一個(gè)特定的錯(cuò)誤），可知，B選項(xiàng)“通過人類干預(yù)處理一些錯(cuò)誤”，符合題意。由最后一段第二句話Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.（他們已經(jīng)制造出能夠在受控的工廠環(huán)境中識(shí)別出一毫米以內(nèi)的機(jī)器誤差的機(jī)器人。），可知機(jī)器人是受環(huán)境控制的，所以C選項(xiàng)“改善工廠環(huán)境”不正確。D選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性”，機(jī)器人的性能應(yīng)該是由人培養(yǎng)的，所以D選項(xiàng)的說法不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.作者意圖題。題干：作者使用猴子的例子，為的是說機(jī)器人_________。最后一段提到Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.（但人們看一眼迅速變化的場(chǎng)景就能夠迅速的排除98%的不相干信息，立即把注意力集中到蜿蜒的森林小路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也無法達(dá)到這種能力。），由此可知，機(jī)器人、人工智能，雖然能為人類做很多工作，但與人的大腦智能、感知能力相比，還相差甚遠(yuǎn)。所以C選項(xiàng)“在聚焦相關(guān)信息方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如人類”，描述正確。A選項(xiàng)“被期望復(fù)制人腦內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”，B選項(xiàng)“能夠立即覺察到不正常情況”，D選項(xiàng)“最適合在受控環(huán)境下使用”，均不是作者舉例子的意圖。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

6.翻譯題

研究人員稱，遠(yuǎn)程辦公等彈性工作模式有益于身體健康。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果人們有條件在家工作，壓縮工作周的時(shí)間，那他們就可以選擇更為健康的生活方式，鍛煉身體的機(jī)會(huì)增多，睡眠也會(huì)更好。

可能彈性工作模式讓人們能有更充裕的時(shí)間來實(shí)現(xiàn)健康的生活方式，或者是它讓人們能更好的安排自己的時(shí)間。彈性工作制最初是為了幫助人們（尤其是女性）同時(shí)兼顧工作和家庭，但有關(guān)證據(jù)表明這顯然不僅僅是女性的問題。

研究人員對(duì)一家大型醫(yī)藥公司職員的“健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估”進(jìn)行了分析，職員涉及倉儲(chǔ)，生產(chǎn)和管理等多個(gè)不同的崗位。

一名研究人員說：“這不僅僅針對(duì)管理層，而是涉及到公司各個(gè)崗位的員工?！彼f，該研究能讓衛(wèi)生部門和相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)識(shí)到，給員工更多的自由其實(shí)能帶來很多益處。但他也說，要評(píng)估彈性工作制的長(zhǎng)期益處還需要開展進(jìn)一步研究。

【答案】Aflexibleworklifesuchastelecommutingisgoodforourhealth,researcherssaid.Theyfoundthatifpeoplehavetheabilitytoworkathomeandtocompressworkweeks,theyaremorelikelytomakehealthierlifestylechoices,toexercisemoreandtosleepbetter.

Perhapsitgivespeoplethetimetofitinhealthierlifestyleintotheireverydayregimenormaybeitjustenablespeopletobettermanagetheirtime.Whiletheprimarypurposebehindtheflexibilitymovementwastohelppeople,especiallywomen,combineworkandfamily,evidencesuggeststhisisclearlynotonlyawomen'sissue.

TheresearchersanalyzeHealthRiskAppraisalsfromemployeesinjobsrangingfromwarehouseandproductionworkerstoexecutivesatalargemultinationalpharmaceuticalcompany.

"It'snotjustaboutmanagement,"saysoneresearcher."It'saboutpeopleineverypositioninthecompany."Hesaidthestudycouldhelphealthdepartmentsandagenciesrealizethatgivingworkersmorefreedomcouldhavemanybenefits.But,headded,furtherresearchwasneededtoassessthelong-termbenefits.

7.單選題

“Itisimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfartheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth,”acclaimedVictorianenthusiaststhearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.Peoplesaythatsortofthingsaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyuprootcancerandotherdiseases.Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequalityHowever,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.

GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeoftheexpertsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandtransferconflict.

Thisisnotnew,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,airplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesout-of-date,sincetheywouldbeweaktoattackfromtheair.AftertheFirstWorldWarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.Sadly,RadioofRwandadisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypeaceforceonceandforall.

Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.Hatespeechandintolerancedevelopinitsdarkcomers,wheregovernmentfindsithardtointervene.AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.

1.Nowadays,the1858acclaimbyenthusiastsarestillusedtodescribe（

）.

2.Thephrase"staveoff"(underlinedinparagraph2)probablymeans

（

）.

3.PeoplewillnotbelievetheInternetcanputanendtowarifthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themeritsofbiotechnology

B.thesignificanceofnewtechnology

C.theprospectoftheInternet

D.thesequencingofhumangenome

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.getridof

B.advocatefor

C.makeuseof

D.scrapethrough

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cancontrolhatespeechandintoleranceontheInternet

B.donottakemisunderstandingasthereasonforwar

C.efficientlyfostertheInternetasameansofcommunication

D.knowthenatureoftheInternetistoadvocatewar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.（然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來了最狂野的樂觀。）可知C選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的前景”符合題意。

2.詞義題。由文章第二段中的digitalcommunicationswillbring"computer-aidedpeace"which"mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups"（數(shù)字通信將帶來“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助和平”，這“有助于……未來民族仇恨的爆發(fā)和民族分裂的爆發(fā)”）可知“staveoff”為動(dòng)詞詞組，which引導(dǎo)后面的定語從句，修飾先行詞computer-aidedpeace，根據(jù)“和平”的含義，可推測(cè)此處指減少或避免民族仇恨和分裂的爆發(fā)，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict...AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以用來鼓吹沖突……盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)無可否認(rèn)地促進(jìn)了交流，但它不會(huì)結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）可知D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識(shí)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的本質(zhì)就是倡導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

8.單選題

Becauseoftheseveredrought,thegovernmenthasurgedpeopletobe（

）withwater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.cautions

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；thrifty節(jié)約的，節(jié)省的；caution謹(jǐn)慎的，十分小心的；economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)約的。由句中“severedraught嚴(yán)重旱災(zāi)”可知政府號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水，不要浪費(fèi)水。句意：由于那場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，政府號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水。故答案B

9.單選題

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)atodds“爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，不一致”，B項(xiàng)introuble“在監(jiān)禁中，處于不幸中”，C項(xiàng)invain“徒勞，無效”，D項(xiàng)atstake“處于危險(xiǎn)之中，在緊要關(guān)頭”。根據(jù)空格后面部分的句子意思“隨著氣溫的升高，我們將會(huì)有更多的極端天氣”可推斷，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合。句意：隨著氣溫的上升，世界氣候的未來岌岌可危，我們將會(huì)有更多的極端天氣。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotorcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofindependenceandfreedomthatownership（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enrolls

B.entraps

C.enrages

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似動(dòng)詞辨析。enroll“登記，注冊(cè)”；entrap“使陷入羅網(wǎng)，欺騙”；enrage“激怒，使暴怒”；entail“需要；帶來”。句意：對(duì)于當(dāng)今崇尚汽車的現(xiàn)象，究其原因是有了車可以獨(dú)立自由行動(dòng)，不需要依賴別人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Asageneralrule,Dadisgenerous,butasamerchant,heusuallydrivesahard（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bargain

B.deal

C.transaction

D.negotiation

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。driveahardbargain“討價(jià)還價(jià)”。句意：一般來說，父親是慷慨的，但是作為一個(gè)商人，他通常會(huì)討價(jià)還價(jià)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreatdespairto（

）theirlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overflow

B.scatter

C.permeate

D.manipulate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。overflow“使溢出”；scatter“散播；散開”；permeate“彌漫；充滿”；manipulate“操級(jí)；操作”。句意：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)去世的消息使得絕望的心情彌漫在他們生活中。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

AlthoughAmericaninstitutionshaveanunquestionableprestigeinthe（

）academicmarketplace,theirhistorywasnotcomparablewiththatoftheBritishones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curricular

B.contemporary

C.communicative

D.conceptual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管美國(guó)的院校在當(dāng)代學(xué)術(shù)論壇上有無可置疑的聲望，但是它們的歷史卻比不上英國(guó)院校的歷史。

考查形容詞辨析。Curricular課程的;contemporary屬同時(shí)期的,同一時(shí)代的,當(dāng)代的;communicative樂意溝通的,語言交際能力的;conceptual概念(上)的,觀念(上)的。因此B符合句意。

14.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為態(tài)度是對(duì)事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對(duì)不同刺激的反應(yīng)方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預(yù)防措施，預(yù)警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

15.單選題

Soilonthemountainslopesisverysusceptible（）erosion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.to

C.with

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞辨析及搭配。A項(xiàng)of“……的”，B項(xiàng)to“到、朝、對(duì)于”，C項(xiàng)with“和……”，D項(xiàng)by“由、被、到……之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蝕。besusceptibleto“易受……的影響”；因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantagesofthe______inthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.misunderstanding

C.exception

D.loopholes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)circle“周期”；B選項(xiàng)misunderstanding“誤解”；C選項(xiàng)exception“例外；異議”；D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”。句意：他認(rèn)為他也許可以利用法律上的______來逃避繳納一些稅款。根據(jù)語境，這里是指鉆法律的空子避稅，D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcomersunless（）todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.beingmade

C.havingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主語為abeamoflight和make之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C可排除。又因?yàn)轭}目中描述的情況為客觀事實(shí)，所以選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。選用非謂語動(dòng)詞made表被動(dòng)即可。句意：一束光只有在反射儀器的幫助下才能彎成圓角。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Peoplewhoconsiderpaperbackpublishingarecentphenomenonoftendonotrealize（

）paperbound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatthedimenovelsofthe1860swere

B.thatthedimenovelswereofthe1860s

C.thereweredimenovelsofthe1860swhich

D.thatthedimenovelsofthe1860swhichwere

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞realize和選項(xiàng)，可知空格中應(yīng)填入賓語從句。因?yàn)閠here不能充當(dāng)賓語引導(dǎo)詞，選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的賓語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知賓語從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為thedimenovelsofthe1860s，werepaperbound為謂語部分。句意：認(rèn)為平裝本出版是最近的一種事物的人往往沒有意識(shí)到19世紀(jì)60年代的廉價(jià)小說就是平裝書。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

I’mwritingtoyou______mybrotherwhoisillinthehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onbehalfof

B.bythenameof

C.inplaceof

D.infavorof

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.onbehalfof代表B.bythenameof以……為名；名叫

C.inplaceof取代D.infavorof有利于，支持

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“我______我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信”可知，我是代表我的兄弟寫信，所以該選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我代表我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信。

20.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費(fèi)解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因?yàn)樗呐袛嘁恢倍己芸煽?。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

21.翻譯題

我為什么寫作？我為了我們的國(guó)家、社會(huì)、生活更加美好而寫作。熱愛生活，我嘆息一切美好的瞬間的短促。只有文學(xué)才能使美好的瞬間與永恒連接起來。至少我有理由希望，在寫作的時(shí)候我能夠比我自己還要好一點(diǎn)，聰明一點(diǎn)，豐富一點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候更執(zhí)著一點(diǎn)，也有時(shí)候更豁達(dá)一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲沂翘椒擦?，我是有太多的缺點(diǎn)以至于缺陷。我不滿意自己，我已經(jīng)沒有辦法再重新投胎一次，我只能在寫作里得到一些校正與補(bǔ)償。我喜歡寫作還因?yàn)檫@并不總是快樂的。誰能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而當(dāng)這一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都變成文學(xué)的契機(jī)的時(shí)候，人生就比較能夠忍受了。

【答案】WhydoIwrite?Iwriteforthebettermentofourcountry,societyandlife.Ilovelife,Isighthebrevityofallthebeautifulmoments.Onlyliteraturecanconnectthebeautifulmomentwiththeeternal.AtleastIhavereasontohopethatwhenIwrite,Icanbealittlebetterthanmyself,alittlesmarter,alittlericher,sometimesalittlemorepersistent,andsometimesalittlemoreopen-minded,becauseIamtooordinary,Ihavetoomanyshortcomingsandevendefects.Iamnotsatisfiedwithmyself,Ihavenowaytobebornagain,Icanonlygetsomecorrectionandcompensationfromwriting.Ialsolikewritingbecauseit'snotalwaysfun.Whocanavoidthoseheavyunpleasantandeventerriblethings?However,whenalltheseexperiencesbecometheopportunityofliterature,lifeismoretolerable.

22.單選題

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.

Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.

2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.

4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?

5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildren

B.menplayinafamily

C.womenplayinafamily

D.equalityplaysinafamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aman’splaceisinthehome

B.awoman’splaceisinthehome

C.awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

D.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.momism

C.authoritarianism

D.neo-popism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thechildren.

B.Theman.

C.Thewoman.

D.Thepsychologist.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

B.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamily

C.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamily

D.womenshouldneverequaltomen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.（是時(shí)候重新評(píng)估男人在美國(guó)家庭中的角色了），可見在這篇文章中偏重講男性在家庭中的角色，故B選項(xiàng)“男人在家庭中的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過程中的角色”：文章主題不是怎樣撫養(yǎng)孩子，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性在家庭中的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“家庭中的平等地位”：相對(duì)于女性和男女平等，重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality（分擔(dān)任務(wù)和決策的模式促進(jìn)了平等）和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily（在這樣的家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念），可知作者認(rèn)為在家務(wù)事當(dāng)中，男女應(yīng)該平等，故D選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該在家庭事務(wù)中擁有平等的份額”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該待在家里”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該待在家里”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.（我們幾乎已經(jīng)放棄了女人應(yīng)該待在家里的說法。），可知作者不認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該待在家里，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該和男人平等”：本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事務(wù)中平等付出，而不是地位平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Thefamilyis